The sharing economy has grown in recent years to include everything from apartment sharing to car sharing to community tool sharing. Since 2009, a new form of sharing economy has been appearing in nei 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

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The sharing economy has grown in recent years to include everything from apartment sharing to car sharing to community tool sharing. Since 2009, a new form of sharing economy has been appearing in neighborhoods throughout the US and around the world—— Little Free Library. The libraries are boxes placed in neighborhoods from which residents can withdraw (取出) and deposit (存入) books. Little Free Libraries come in all shapes and sizes. Some libraries also have themes, focusing on books for children, adults, or tour guides.

In 2009, Tod Bol built the first Little Free Library as a gift to his mother, who was a devoted reader. When he saw the people of his community gathering around it, exchanging conversation as well as books, he knew he wanted to take his simple idea further. “I think Little Free Libraries open the door to conversations we want to have with each other,” Bol said.

Since then, his idea has become a movement, spreading from state to state and country to country. According to Little FreeLibrary.org, there are now 18,000 of the little structures around the world, located in each of the 50 US states and 70 countries in Europe, Africa and Asia.

The Internet has helped to spread Little Free Libraries. But an Atlantic article says the little structures serve as a cure for a world of e-reader downloads. The little wooden boxes are refreshingly physical and human. For many people, the sense of discovery is Little Free Libraries’ main appeal. “A girl walking home from school might pick up a graphic novel that gets her excited about reading; a man on his way to the bus stop might find a volume of poetry that changes his outlook on life,” says the Atlantic article. “Every book is a potential source of inspiration”.

1.How do Little Free Libraries get their books?

A. The communities bought them. B. Tod Bol donated them.

C. US government provided them. D. Citizens shared them.

2.Why did Tod Bol want to build more Little Free Libraries?

A. They can offer neighbors more chances to talk.

B. He was inspired by the sharing economy.

C. He wanted to promote his idea worldwide.

D. They are a gift to please his mother.

3.What does the author of the Atlantic article believe?

A. Little Free Libraries are more popular than e-reader downloads.

B. E-reader downloads are undoubtedly beneficial.

C. Little Free Libraries are physical and human.

D. The Internet has helped to spread Little Free Libraries.

4.Little Free Libraries attract readers most because ________.

A. they are in various shapes and sizes

B. they are located all over the world

C. they connect strangers together

D. they may give readers a sense of discovery

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What makes a person a giver or a taker? The idea of “give versus take” takes shape in all relationships of our lives. We're either giving advice, making time for people, or we're on the receiving end. We alternate between the two based on different situations we face on a daily basis, it not an hourly one.

According to Adam Grant, a professor at Pennsylvania University, most people are matchers. They make careful observations on takers and make it a point for them to pay something back. They hate to see people who act so generously towards others without receiving any reward. Actually, most matchers will try to promote and support givers so that they can get the good they deserve.

Another professor named Hannah Rile Bowles, from Harvard University, led a study on the idea. She asked 200 senior managers to sit down in pairs where one person would act as the boss and the other as an employee to negotiate salary promotions. Male employees asked for an average salary of $146 k while the females asked for only $141 k. But why did they not bargain as hard as the men? Simply because they were more likely to be givers.

As a woman, I do enjoy the act of giving up my time, my knowledge and my care and attention to others. I don't expect anything in return, but I do tend to pull myself away when I feel like I'm being taken for granted. I also tend to get upset when I see a loved one's continuous actions of kindness go unnoticed. So it's safe to say I'm 50% giver,35% matcher and 15% taker.

I do know someone, however, who is 99% giver. They’re devoting their time, sharing valuable insights and going out of their way for everyone who crosses their path. Although they've changed the lives of many people, they rarely see any of it returned. But the universe is slowly repaying them; they’re now extremely successful, well known for what they do.

1.In Adam Grant’s opinion, most people .

A. prefer giving to taking

B. prefer taking to giving

C. tend to depend on others

D. tend to balance between giving and taking

2.What does the underlined part in Paragraph 4 most probably mean?

A. Cheer myself up. B. Give up on myself.

C. Stay away deliberately. D. Force myself to move forward.

3.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?

A. No good deed goes undone.

B. People who give are worth respecting.

C. Giving is the shortest path to success.

D. Sharing is the greatest human quality.

I had an experience some years ago, which taught me something about the ways in which people make a bad situation worse by blaming themselves. One January, I had to hold two funerals on days in a row for two elderly women in my community. Both had died “ full of years”, as the Bible would say. Their homes happened to be near each other, so I paid condolence(吊唁) calls on the two families on the same afternoon.

At the first home, the son of the deceased(已故的)woman said to me, “ If only I had sent my mother to Florida and gotten her out of this cold and snow, she would be alive today. It’s my fault that she died.” At the second home, the son of the other deceased woman said, “ If only I hadn’t insisted on my mother’s going to Florida, she would be alive today. That long airplane ride, the sudden change of climate, was more than she could take. It’s my fault that she’s dead.”

You see that any time there is a death, the survivors will feel guilty. Because the course of action they took turned out bad, they believe that the opposite course—keeping Mother at home, putting off the operation—would have turned out better. After all, how could it have turned out any worse?

There seem to be two elements involved in our willingness to feel guilty. The first is our pressing need to believe that the world makes sense, that there is a cause for every effect and a reason for everything that happens that leads us to find patterns and connections both where they really exist and where they exist only in our minds.

The second element is the view that we are the cause of what happens , especially the bad things that happen. It seems to be a short step from believing that every event has a cause to believe that every disaster is our fault. The roots of this feeling may lie in our childhood.

A baby comes to think that the world exists to meet his needs, and that he makes everything happen in it. He wakes up in the morning and summons the rest of the world to its tasks. He cries, and someone comes to attend to him. When he is hungry, people feed him , and when he is wet, people change him. Very often, we do not completely outgrow that childish view that our wishes cause things to happen.

1.We learn from the passage that the two deceased elderly women_____________

A. lived out a natural life.

B. died of exhaustion after the long plane ride.

C. weren’t used to the change in weather.

D. died due to lack of care by family members.

2.People feel guilty for the deaths of their loved ones because they believe _____.

A. they are responsible

B. they overlook the natural course of events

C. they can’t find a better way to express their sorrow

D. they didn’t know things often turn in the opposite direction

3.According to the passage, the underlined part in paragraph 4 probably means that_____.

A. everything in the world is predetermined

B. the world can be explained in different ways

C. there is an explanation for everything in the world

D. we have to be sensible in order to understand the world

4.What’s the idea of the passage?

A. Life and death is an unsolved mystery.

B. Every story should have a happy ending.

C. Never feel guilty all the time because not every disaster is our fault.

D. Usually, the survivors will feel guilty about the people who passed away.

1.She ____________(滑倒）over on the ice and broke her leg.

2.At 60, he was now approaching _____________(退休).

3.He ____________ （遗弃；抛弃）his wife and his child and went away with all their money.

4.We didn’t know you were in trouble at that time，__________ （否则）we would have given you a hand.

5.Teachers and students make regular ___________ (捐赠) to the students in need.

6.Our country has a large population, vast land and _____________（丰富的）natural resources.

7.It’s a great comfort to have a ____________（代替）family to be with when you miss your home.

8.The president of our school wrote a letter ________（祝贺）on the opening of the annual sports meeting.

9.Research ______________(表明；指出）that eating habits are changing fast.

10.She was shocked by the violent scene she _____________（目击）.

I was first officer at an airline. One Christmas Eve, I was checking instruments in _______ for my last flight of the day _______ I heard a noise behind me. I looked _______ my shoulder. Just outside the cockpit(驾驶舱) doorway was a boy of about nine _______ at the cockpit. At my glance he started to _______“Come on in here,” I called. The boy stepped _______ into the cockpit. “My name’s Chad.” I said, slicking out my hand. With a shy smile he put his hand in _______, “I’m Sam.”

The captain would be in any minute. Sam looked so _______ that I didn’t want to cut short his fun. I told Sam the _______ of each button. Finally Captain Jim came aboard. I ________ Sam to Jim, who gave him a broad smile. “You ever ________ an airplane before, Sam?” Jim asked. Eyes wide, Sam ________his head. Following my ________, he carefully pressed a button as big as his hand to start the ________, which hummed (发出嗡嗡声) to life.

Sam looked like he was about to cry with ________. We started up the other engine, ________, and arrived in Macon about 40 minutes later.

Early Christmas morning, Sam’s mother came by and ________ a tin of cookies with a note of thanks. Jim looked at it, ________, and read it aloud, “Thank you for what you’ve done. Sam has been dreaming about becoming a pilot. ________, he’s got cancer…”

A small ________ deed that one does can make a big difference to someone else’s life.

1.A. time B. return C. preparation D. exchange

2.A. after B. when C. as if D. even though

3.A. over B. around C. above D. from

4.A. glaring B. aiming C. shouting D. staring

5.A. get in B. turn away C. run out D. set off

6.A. cautiously B. unexpectedly C. desperately D. deliberately

7.A. his B. him C. me D. mine

8.A. thrilled B. worried C. afraid D. confident

9.A. type B. function C. problem D. regulation

10.A. carried B. reported C. introduced D. directed

11.A. saw B. boarded C. started D. visited

12.A. raised B. bowed C. nodded D. shook

13.A. signals B. instructions C. example D. schedule

14.A. flight B. journey C. button D. engine

15.A. happiness B. anxiety C. sympathy D. fright

16.A. gave up B. pulled over C. took off D. went out

17.A. took B. made C. bought D. left

18.A. sighed B. sobbed C. breathed D. relieved

19.A. Strangely B. Eventually C. Carelessly D. Unfortunately

20.A. heroic B. risky C. kind D. honest

1.Snakes produce young generally by lying eggs.

2.With your help, now I know very more about gravity.

3.Young man, would you mind step inside a moment, please?

4.Please stare me and tell me where you are from.

5.No one can prevent me work for my dream.

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

When I was a small child，my parents didn’t have many money and I had very few Christmas gifts. My cousin was ten and he had gone out singing Christmas songs and made quite a bit money. Without tell anyone he went to the shop and spent almost every penny of his money in a teddy bear. Then he was used the change to buy a little necklace with a glass charming (迷人的) heart on them. He came to my house and told my parents what he had bought these things for me as Christmas gift. Twenty-five years later the teddy bear has been thrown away, but I even have the little necklace in my jewelry box to remind me of my cousin kindness.

I don’t ever want to talk about being a woman scientist again. There was a time in my life when people kept asking me stories about what it’s like to work in a field under the control of men. I was never very good at telling those stories because truthfully I never found them interesting. What I do find interesting is the existence of the universe, the shape of space time and the nature of black holes.

At 19, when I began studying astrophysics(天体物理学), it did not bother me in the least to be the only woman in the classroom. But while earning my Ph.D. at MIT and then as a post-doctor doing space research, the problem started to bother me. My every achievement—jobs, research papers, awards—was viewed from the angle of gender (性别) politics. So were my failures.

Then one day a few years ago, out of my mouth came a sentence that would finally become my reply to any and all provocations(挑衅): I don’t talk about that any more. It took me 10 years to get back the confidence I had at 19 and to realize that I didn’t want to deal with gender problems. Why should removing sexism be yet another terrible burden on every female scientist? After all, I don’t study sociology or political theory.

Today I research and teach at Barnard, a women’s college in New York City. Recently, someone asked me how many of the 45 students in my class were women. You cannot imagine my satisfaction at being able to answer, 45. I know some of my students worry how they will manage their scientific research and a desire for children. And I don’t take no notice of those concerns. Still, I don’t tell them “war” stories. Instead, I have given them this: the scene of their physics professor heavily pregnant (怀孕）doing physics experiments. And in turn they have given me the image of 45 women driven by a love of science. And that’s a sight worth talking about.

1.Why doesn’t the author want to talk about being a woman scientist again?

A. She feels unhappy working in the scientific field.

B. She finds space research more important.

C. She is not good at telling stories of the kind.

D. She is tired of the sexism in scientific field.

2.From Paragraph 2, we can infer that people would think the author’s failures were due to __.

A. her over-confidence as a female astrophysicist

B. her involvement in gender politics

C. the very fact that she is a woman

D. the burden she bears in a male-leading society

3.Why does the author feel great satisfaction when talking about her class?

A. Female students no longer have to bother about gender issues.

B. Her students’ performance has brought back her confidence.

C. More female students are going in for science than before.

D. Her female students can do just as well as male students.

4.What does the image(形象) that the author presents to her students suggest?

A. Women can balance a career in science and having a family.

B. Women have more barriers on their way to academic success.

C. Women students needn’t have the concerns of her generation.

D. Women now have fewer problems going in for a science career.