题目内容

假定你是李华,你校打算成立Fans英语俱乐部,想邀请外教Smith参加,请你给Smith写封邀请函,内容包括:

1.成立俱乐部的目的;

2.活动时间、地点及安排;

3.邀请加入。

注意:

1.词数100左右;

2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。

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British English may have come first, but around the world, the American way of spelling is now far more popular.

A recent examination of the English language shows that publications now largely use the American version swapping words like “centre” for “center” after the 1880s. To get data, researchers used Google’s Ngram Viewer to analyze the words found in all English-language publications from 1800 to 2000. Entering a word into the viewer will show how frequently it occurs within the massive corpus(语料库)of books around the world.

According to the data, this shift was further strengthened around World War I. Since then, English-language publications have preferred “gray” and “flavor” instead of “grey” and “flavour”. The American spelling has continued to grow over the years, with “liter” passing “liter” around 1900, and “center” becoming the more common choice over “centre” in 1913. “1913 marked a turning point in British spelling, as the American alternative became more frequently used in literature,” the post explains, in regard to “center”. This was just a year before the beginning of World War I, which many views as a key period in America’s rise to superpower status.

Though this switched again between 1920s and the late 1930s, the American, spelling took over for good around 1940, during which time the spelling “airplane” shifted dramatically over “aeroplane”.

Ever since the middle of the 19th century, even the British Isles have slowly rejected the old spelling. The future is gray for British English.

1.Which of the following is true?

A. American spelling takes over all the time

B. British people refuse to use American spelling

C. All the media prefer American spelling

D. The change in spelling is more obvious around World War I

2.What’s the main idea of the second paragraph?

A. The popularity of American spelling

B. The examples of the change in spelling

C. The history of English spelling

D. The reason for the change in English spelling

3.The passage is developed _______.

A. by space B. by time

C. by process D. by logic

4.The passage is written to _____.

A. introduce the change of English spelling

B. encourage the change in English spelling

C. compare the difference between American spelling and British spelling

D. introduce different views on English spelling

Holiday gift buying can feel a little empty, when all of those endless lists, long lines at the shopping center and dollars spent lead to a 5-miute excitement of flying wrapping paper. 1.The following tips can help make gift giving more meaningful for both the giver and the receiver.

1.Know the person

The most important thing in the exchanging of gifts is that it shows you really know the person well, and you really care about them. 2.

2.Donate in their name

3.Research suggests that happier people give more to others, and that giving more makes people happier. Moreover, charity-related happiness is highest when people give in a way that promotes social connection. So, try giving to the less fortunate in someone’s name this holiday season.

3.Give handmade goods or hand-me-downs

4.A study suggests that people feel that homemade items show more love, and love is what they want to express to the gift receiver.

Family heirlooms(传家宝)may be another good girl option. A 2009 study found that when families hand down even a very depersonalized thing—money—through the generations, the symbolic value of the cash is greater than the numerical value alone.

4.Provide chances for participation

If there’s a golden rule of girls, though, it's this:5.People who receive experiential girls, such as concert tickets or a zoo membership, feel more connected to the girl giver than people who received material girls.

A. But it doesn’t have to be that way.

B. Give experiences rather than objects.

C. New and store—bought is not always best.

D. That is always beyond their expectation.

E. That means catering to another’s pleasure.

F. Giving gifts to friends or to charity is linked to happiness.

G. Start listing every person you plan to give a holiday gift

Red wolves used to be a common sight across the southeastern United States.But today,there are just 50 left in the wild.

The red wolf is one of the most endangered wild canine species(犬科动物)in the world.In the past five years, the species' population in the wild has dropped by half.The US Fish and Wildlife Service had been working for decades to reintroduce the species into the wild,but the organization recently put the program on hold.

According to Cindy Dohner,the southeast regional director for the Fish and Wildlife Service,the agency is focusing on "our commitment to get the science right and rebuild trust with our neighbors in those communities as we address problems regarding the recovery of the red wolf."But the animal-rights group Defenders of Wildlife said on its website that the decision made by the Fish and Wildlife Service "falls well short of what is needed to continue red wolf recovery."

The red wolf was declared an endangered species in 1967.By 1980,it had been hunted to extinction(灭绝)in the wild.Some hunters thought the red wolves were coyotes(土狼), so most people killed them because they believed wolves were dangerous and would attack people.This wrong belief has made it difficult to restore the species, because people are afraid to have red wolves reintroduced near human communities.

Experts say that one way to fight these fears is simply to teach people about red wolves.In reality,they are shy animals that they don't get close to humans and hunt mostly at night.According to the Fish and Mildlife Service, captive breeding centers in the US are home to about 200 red wolves.But without continued efforts from the government and private groups,red wolves will continue to suffer.

1.The underlined phrase "put...on hold" in Paragraph 2 probably means “ ”.

A. paused B. promoted

C. overlooked D. accomplished

2.What does Defenders of Wildlife think of the Fish and Wildlife Service's decision?

A. Practical. B. Annoying.

C. Satisfactory. D. Disappointing.

3.The trouble in reintroducing red wolves near human communities lies in____.

A. humans' over-hunting

B. fears in human beings

C. shortage of food in the wild

D. lack of governmental support

4.What can we know about red wolves from the text?

A. They don't hunt in the daytime at all.

B. Their total population in the world is only 50.

C. They keep away from humans due to shyness.

D. They are dangerous because they attack people.

I used to believe courtesy was a thing of the past. Very seldom have I encountered a courteous human being in this modern era.

Recently, I had to change my thinking, when I came face to face with just such a human being in a coffee place, with my two daughters. The place was crowded as usual and we had to climb steep stairs in order to find an empty table. After enjoying coffee and snacks, we went down the narrow stairs, where there was hardly any space for another person to either climb up or come down.

Just as I was in the middle of the stairs, a gentleman entered the main entrance of the restaurant which was right in front of the staircase. I was sure I would be pushed roughly by this man going up. I kept coming down as fast as I could. My daughters were already down, looking up at me worriedly, hoping I would reach them before the stranger started walking up the stairs, knowing I was a nervous sort.

Nearly reaching them, I noticed the man still standing near the door. I reached my daughters and passed the stranger at the entrance door which he kept holding open. I looked back thinking he was still at the door, deciding whether to go in or find another less crowded place. I saw him going up the stairs, two at a time. I told my daughters about it and all three of us felt bad that we did not even thank the courteous gentleman who was actually holding the door open for us ladies to pass through before going up.

Such well mannered people are hard to find these days, when pushing is very common in our advanced but aggressive society. We applauded for his chivalry(骑士精神).

1.What did the author think of the man at the first sight of him?

A. He was in a hurry. B. He would wait for her.

C. He would cross her rudely. D. He was a man with good manners.

2.Why did the author’s daughters worry about her?

A. She was too old to walk fast. B. She was easy to be disturbed.

C. She took up too much space. D. She focused too much on the man.

3.What can we learn about the man from Paragraph 4?

A. He might be a waiter of the café.

B. He might have an urgent business to do.

C. He fell in love with one of the author’s daughters.

D. He would hold the door open for all.

Two recent studies have found that punishment is not the best way to influence behavior. One showed that adults are much more cooperative if they work in a system based on rewards. Researchers at Harvard University in the United States and the Stockholm School of Economics in Sweden did the study.

They had about two hundred college students play a version of the game known as the Prisoner’s Dilemma. The game is based on the tension between the interests of an individual and a group. The students played in groups of four. Each player could win points for the group, so they would all gain equally. But each player could also reward or punish each of the other three players. Harvard researcher David Rand says the most successful behavior proved to be cooperation. The groups that rewarded the most earned about twice as much in the game as the groups that rewarded the least. And the more a group punished itself, the lower its earnings. The study appeared last month in the journal Science.

The other study involved children. It was presented last month in California at a conference on violence and abuse(虐待). Researchers used intelligence tests given to two groups. More than eight hundred children were aged two to four the first time they were tested. More than seven hundred children were aged five to nine. The two groups were retested four years later, and the study compared the results with the first test. Both groups contained children whose parents used physical punishment and children whose parents did not.

The study says the IQs of the younger children who were not spanked were five points higher than those who were. In the older group, the difference was almost three points. The more they are spanked, the slower their mental development.

1.What do we know about the second study?

A. Children's IQs have much to do with physical punishment.

B. The study is about violence and cooperation of children.

C. The children tested were divided into groups of four.

D. Children's mental development only relies on their IQs.

2.What does the underlined word “spanked” refer to?

A. punished B. blamed

C. tested D. praised

3.What might be the best title for the text?

A. The Best Way to Correct Misbehavior

B. Punishment Is the Best Way of Education

C. Cooperation Is the Most Successful Behavior

D. Punishment or Reward: Which Works Better on Behavior?

4.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A. Punishment is the best way to influence bad behaviors.

B. The participants in the first study have the right to reward or punish others in the group.

C. the younger children have a higher IQ because of their parents’ educational level.

D. Adults are much more cooperative than children.

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