Are some people born clever, and others born stupid? Or is intelligence developed by our environment and our experience? Strangely enough, the answer to these questions is yes. To some extent our intelligence is given to us at birth, and no amount of education can make a genius out of a child born with low intelligence. On the other hand, a child who lives in a boring environment will develop his intelligence less than one who lives in rich and varied surroundings. While the limits of a person’s intelligence are fixed at birth, whether or not he reaches those limits will depend on his environment. This view, now held by most experts, can be supported in a number of ways.

It is easy to show that intelligence is to some extent something we are born with. The closer the blood relationship between two people, the closer they are likely to be in intelligence. Thus if we take two unrelated people at random(随机地) from population, it is likely that their degrees of intelligence will be completely different. If, on the other hand, we take two identical twins, they will very likely be as intelligent as each other. Relations like brothers and sisters, parents and children, usually have similar intelligence, and this clearly suggests that intelligence depends on birth.

Imagine now that we take two identical twins and put them in different environments. We might send one, for example, to a university and the other to a factory where the work is boring. We would soon find differences in intelligence developing, and this indicates that environment as well as birth plays a part. This conclusion is also suggested by the fact that people who live in close contact with each other, but who are not related at all are likely to have similar degrees of intelligence.

1.Which best describes the writer’s point in Para.1?

A. Intelligence is given at birth.

B. Intelligence is developed by the environment.

C. Intelligence is fixed at birth, but is developed by the environment.

D. Some people are born clever and others born stupid.

2.It is suggested in this passage that __________.

A. close relations usually have similar intelligence

B. unrelated people are not likely to have similar intelligence

C. the closer the blood relationship between people, the more different they are likely to be in intelligence

D. people who live in close contact with each other are not likely to have similar degrees of intelligence

3.The example of the twins going to a university and to a factory separately shows_________.

A. the importance of their intelligence

B. the effect of environment on intelligence

C. the importance of their positions

D. the part that birth plays

4.The best title for this article would be “_____________”.

A. On Intelligence

B. What Intelligence Means

C. Born with Intelligence

D. Environment Decides Intelligence

HIGH-RISE APARTMENTS FOR RENT IN DOWNTOWN JACKSONVILLE’S SOUTHBANK COMMUNITY

Imagine coming home after work and feeling like you’re on vacation at a 5-star resort! Welcome to The Strand Southbank in downtown Jacksonville—where luxury meets comfort. Renting a luxury apartment at The Strand Southbank is a wise lifestyle choice. After your long day, you deserve to feel like you’re walking into a high-end luxury resort where you can truly relax. With activities geared towards life away from the office, our community comes alive when you come home. At The Strand Southbank, we foster (促进) resident friendships through frequent happy hours, book clubs and running groups. We free up your evenings by offering catered meals and food trucks on site. You have better things to do, like sitting on your balcony and taking in the views of downtown Jacksonville’s bridges lit up or smelling the salty air from the St. Johns River.

COMMUNITY AMENITIES (生活福利设施)

• Fully equipped fitness center with river views

• Business center with high-speed internet

• Controlled access garage parking

• Relaxing library with fireplace

• Frequent resident events and community activities

LOCATION

The Strand Southbank apartments are ideally located in downtown Jacksonville near the entertaining Riverwalk and the sparkling St. John’s River. Perfect for Jacksonville university students, these apartments are near popular Jacksonville schools including Jacksonville University, University of North Florida, and Florida Coastal School of Law. The Strand Southbank apartments are also conveniently near the Mayo Clinic.

DIRECTIONS

From I-10 take exit 350B toward San Marco Blvd. Merge onto Gary St. Turn left at FL-5/S Main St./ US-1. Turn right at Gulf Life Dr./Riverplace Blvd. The Strand Southbank is on the left.

From I-95, exit on Union Street and travel east. Turn left onto Riverplace Boulevard. The Strand Southbank is just ahead on your right.

1. What might encourage people to rent an apartment at The Strand Southbank?

A. The Strand Southbank is a 5-star holiday hotel.

B. Residents there can enjoy beautiful night scenes.

C. The Strand Southbank provides free internet access.

D. Residents there have better relationships than colleagues.

2.If you rent an apartment at The Strand Southbank, you _______.

A. may have easy access to some basic medical care

B. may choose to enter any Jacksonville school you like

C. are sure to spend a lot of time hanging around downtown

D. are likely to have trouble finding your way back from I-10

Net Library is a library that lends out digital books. It treats a digital book like a paperback copy. It charges libraries per book per copy and gives publishers a cut of the total income.

From the consumer’s point of view, this means that if more than five people want the latest Danielle Steel romance novel, other people who request that book will get a message saying the title is unable to get.

Many publishers seem to have embraced its model. More than 350 publishers gave the company rights to hand out their digital works, and McGraw-Hill Corporation and Houghton Mifflin Corporation have put money into the company. The California public libraries and about 1,800 others across the US are trying out the Net Library service.

Some librarians criticize the Net Library model. Stanford University librarian Michael Keller argues that the company is creating an unnatural fear of digital works, which is contrary to the ideas of the Internet.

Keller and some other librarians argue for the e-book vision set forth by Brary. Brary is starting a service that lets us users read books for free.

But it will charge about 25 cents a page when a person tries to point out material or copy and taste it into a different file or tries to download a copy onto a computer.

Christopher Warnock, chief executive of Brary, believes most consumers won’t want to buy entire books, only the parts that interest them.

“There is not really a lot of good owning an electronic file and having to store it and manage it. It doesn’t make sense,” he said.

1.How do publishers get money from the Net Library?

A.They get money from selling their books to the Net Library

B.They get money from the readers.

C.They get money by cutting the cost of the books.

D.They share the money with Net Library.

2.The underlined word “embraced” in the third paragraph means

A. tried out something hard

B. held something tightly

C. disliked something badly

D. taken something willingly

3.What does the last paragraph mean?

A. Net Library is not a good way for the consumers.

B. There is no need for consumers to have a whole book.

C. Brary is not a good library for the consumers.

D. It’s reasonable to charge the consumers money for copying some pages.

根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Doctors say anger can be an extremely damaging emotion, unless you learn how to deal with it. They warn that anger can lead to heart disease, stomach problems, headaches, emotional problems and possibly cancer.

1. Some people express anger openly in a calm reasonable way. Others burst with anger, and scream and yell. But other people keep their anger inside. They can not or will not express it. This is called repressing anger.

For years many doctors thought that repressing anger was more dangerous to a person’s health than expressing it. They said that when a person is angry, the brain releases the same hormones (荷尔蒙). They speed the heart rate, raise blood pressure, or sugar into the blood, etc. __2. _

Some doctors say that both repressing and expressing anger can be dangerous. They believe that those who express anger violently may be more likely to develop heart disease, and they believe that those who keep anger inside may face a greater danger of high blood pressure.

3. They say the first step is to admit that you are angry and to recognize the real cause of the anger, then decide if the cause is serious enough to get angry about. If it is, they say, “ 4. Wait until your anger has cooled down and you are able to express yourself calmly and reasonably.”

Doctors say that a good way to deal with anger is to find humor in the situation that has made you angry. 5.

A. In general the person feels excited and ready to act

B. They said that laughter is much healthier than anger.

C. Expressing anger violently is more harmful than repressing it

D. Anger may cause you a cancer.

E. Do not express your anger while angry.

F. Anger is a normal emotion that we all feel from time to time

G. Doctors say the solution is learning how to deal with anger.

阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。

Big trees are incredibly important ecologically. For a start, they provide food for countless other species and shelter for many animals. With their tall branches in the sun, they capture vast amounts of energy. This allows them to produce massive crops of fruit and flowers that sustain much of the animal life in the forest.

Only a small number of tree species have the genetic ability to grow really big. The biggest are native to North America, but big trees grow all over the globe, from the tropics to the forests of the high latitudes(纬度). To achieve giant size, a tree needs three things: the right place to establish its seeding, good growing conditions and lots of time with low adult death rate. Lose any of these, and you will lose your biggest trees.

In some parts of the world, populations of big trees are dwindling because their seedings cannot survive. In southern India, for instance, an aggressive non-native bush, Lantana camara, is invading the floor of many forests. Lantana grows so thickly that young trees often fail to take root. With no young trees to replace them, it is only a matter of time before most of the big trees disappear.

Without the right growing conditions, trees cannot get really big and there is some evidence to suggest tree growth could slow in a warmer world, particularly in environments that are already warm. Having worked for decades at La Selva Biological Station in Puerto Viejo de Sarapiqui, Costa Rica, David and Deborah Clark and colleagues have shown that tree growth there declines markedly in warmer years. “During the day, their growth shuts down when it gets too warm, and at night they consume more energy because their metabolic(新陈代谢的)rate increases,” explains David Clark. With less energy produced in warmer years and more being consumed just to survive, there is even less energy available for growth.

The Clarks’ theory, if correct, means tropical forests would shrink over time. The largest, oldest trees would progressively die off and tend not to be replaced. According to the Clarks, this might cause a destabilization of the climate; as older trees die, forests would release some of their stored carbon into the atmosphere, causing a cycle of further warming, forest shrinkage and carbon emissions.

Besides, big trees face threats from elsewhere.

1. All the following factors are a must for making big trees EXCEPT_________.

A. genetic contribution

B. no deadly damage

C. ideal environment for growth

D. right place to establish its seeding

2.The word “dwindling”(paragraph3) is closest in meaning to “_______”.

A. exploding B. decreasing

C. changing D. growing

3. What is the best title of the passage?

A. Results of big trees’ disappearing.

B. Advantage of big trees.

C. Big trees in trouble

D. Importance of big trees to humans.

4.What will the author most probably discuss after the last paragraph?

A. Comparison between common trees and big ones.

B. The effect of human activities on big trees.

C. Benefits of big trees to the whole atmosphere.

D. More threats to the existence of big trees.

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