The
prizes are awarded by the Nobel foundation for outstanding achievements or
contributions in five areas. A prize is given in chemistry, physics, medicine
or physiology, literature and peace. Each prize has three parts. The first
part is a gold medal. Second, a winner of a Nobel Prize is given a diploma
saying that he has been awarded the prize. The third part of the prize is a
large amount of money.
Often a prize is awarded to
just one person, but not always. Sometimes a prize is shared. It may be awarded
to two or more people who have worked together to reach a goal. Since the Nobel
Prizes are international prizes, scientists, inventors, writers, and diplomats
from all countries may receive a prize. Sometimes, two people from countries
with different political views may even share a prize. An example of this is
the 1973 Peace Prize, which was awarded to Henry Kissinger of the United States
and to Le Due Tho of North Vietnam for the Vietnam peace negotiations. It is
also sometimes true that a prize is not given. If there is not outstanding
achievement in one of the five areas, no prize is given in that area. In 1972,
for example, no Nobel peace prize was given.
Someone must decide whether
or not to give an award. The process of nominating and choosing Nobel Prize
winners have two parts. First, nominations, or recommendations, of people who
might deserve a Nobel Prize, are made. The nominations in physics and chemistry
are made by the Royal Academy of Science in Stockholm. The nominations in
medicine or physiology are made by the Caroline Medical Institute, which is
also in Stockholm. The Swedish Academy, along with the French and Spanish
Academies, makes nominations in literature. The peace prize nominations are
made by a committee of the Norwegian government. Many nominations are made in
each area. Nominations from these groups begin the process of choosing the
Nobel Prize winners.
The second part of the
process of choosing Nobel Prize winners is to decide which of the nominees
deserves the award in each area. This decision is made by the Nobel Foundation
in Stockholm. The Foundation may decide to give the awards to an individual or
to several people in each area. Or the Foundation may decide not to give a
prize at all in any area.
1. A Nobel Prize is given
in the form of ________.
A. a large sum of money
B. a diploma and a gold
medal
C. a large amount of money
together with a gold medal and a diploma
D. a prize certificate
2. The 1973 Peace Prize was
awarded to ________.
A. two persons B.
Henry Kissinger
C. Le Due Tho D.
two individuals from different countries
3. Sometimes no prize is
awarded when ________.
A. there is no remarkable
achievement in that area
B. there is no suitable
nomination
C. there is a war
D. there is financial
shortage
4. The decision of
literature prize winner is made by ________.
A. the Swedish Academy and
the French and Spanish Academies
B. the Nobel Foundation
C. a committee for the
Norwegian government
D.
the Royal Academy of Science in Stockholm
