题目内容

A promising approach to reducing appetite which does not ________ taking any drugs, and is very safe, is to drink a certain amount of water before a meal.

A. suggest B. involve C. prevent D. practice

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What does it mean to say that we live in a world of persuasion? It means that we live among competing interests. Your roommate’s need to study for an exam may take priority（优先）over pizza. Your instructor may have good reasons not to change your grade. And the object of your romantic interest may have other choices.

In such a world, persuasion is the art of getting others to give fair and favorable consideration to our point of view. When we persuade, we want to influence how others believe and behave. We may not always prevail — other points of view may be more persuasive, depending on the listener, the situation, and the merits of the case. But when we practice the art of persuasion, we try to ensure that our position receives the attention it deserves.

Some people, however, object to the very idea of persuasion. They may regard it as an unwelcome interruption into their lives. Just the opposite, we believe that persuasion is unavoidable — to live is to persuade. Persuasion may be ethical（合乎道义的）or unethical, selfless or selfish, inspiring or degrading. Persuaders may enlighten our minds or catch our vulnerability(弱点). Ethical persuasion, however, calls on sound reasoning and is sensitive to the feelings and needs of listeners. Such persuasion can help us apply the wisdom of the past to the decisions we now must make. Therefore, the most basic part of education is learning to resist the one kind of persuasion and to encourage and practice the other.

Beyond its personal importance to us, persuasion is necessary to society. The right to persuade and be persuaded is the bedrock of the American political system, guaranteed by the First Amendment to the Constitution（美国宪法）.

1.According to the passage, persuasion means ________.

A. changing others’ point of view

B. exercising power over other people

C. getting other people to consider your point of view

D. getting people to agree with you and do what you want

2.The underlined word in the second paragraph “prevail” means“________”.

A. fail B. win C. speak D. listen

3.The passage states that some people object to persuasion because they think it is ________.

A. unwelcome behavior B. difficult to do well

C. a danger to society D. never successful

4.The passage mainly discusses ________.

A. people’s different opinions towards persuasion

B. the reasons why people persuade

C. that persuasion is both good and bad

D. that persuasion is important and it is all around us

_____ his great courage, the boy was left alone in a dark room, no lighted candle_____ it up．

A． Considered；lighted

B． Considering；lighting

C． Having considered；lighted

D． To consider；lighting

The living standard of the people in China, _______ is shown in the report, has improved over the past decades.

A． what B． which C． as D． who

— I wonder if you could go with me to the supermarket.

— Don’t disturb me. I ________ my daily report this morning and haven’t finished yet.

A. write B. was writing

C. have written D. have been writing

任务型阅读

请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填一个单词。

High blood pressure is defined as 140 mmHg over 90 mmHg, and for years, doctors have used that measure as the threshold for prescribing anti-hypertensive drugs. But based on new recommendations, adults who are 60 or older can wait until their readings reach 150 over 90 or above to begin medication. After reviewing available evidence on the effects of blood pressure treatments, the Institute of Medicine’s Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8) concluded that aggressive treatment can lead to lightheadedness, falls and fainting in elderly populations — so they advised loosening the guidelines for starting medication.

But days after the guidelines were published, heart experts raised concerns about how the advice would affect patients; inadequately controlled blood pressure is a risk factor for heart attack and stroke.

Members of the JNC8 who voted against the recommendations published an editorial in the Annals of Internal Medicine outlining their reasons for opposing the change. “We, the panel minority, believed that evidence was insufficient to increase the target goal from its current level because increasing the goal may cause harm by increasing the risk for CVD（心血管疾病）and partially undoing the remarkable progress in reducing cardiovascular mortality in Americans older than 60,” they wrote.

Dr. Suzanne Steinbaum said she has not changed the way she treats her patients over 60. She says, “As a preventive cardiologist（心脏病学家）, these new guidelines have made me crazy. What we have learned is that blood pressure treatment even for a patient above 80 has been shown to be critical. It goes against everything we know as cardiologists.”

Defending the panel’s decision, Dr. Paul A. James, co-chairman of the guidelines committee, said in an email to TIME, “I can assure you that the panel discussed the opinions of the minority members on three different occasions and the majority were not persuaded that the expert skills of a few members should override the scientific evidence.”

James said that as with any medications, doctors will use the blood pressure recommendations as guidelines, and prescribe drugs based on their evaluation of each patient. “Medications prescribed by physicians all have the potential to be dangerous,” he wrote. “Educating doctors about the scientific evidence will help doctors make better decisions with patients. Physicians who practice on the basis of scientific evidence usually subscribe to simple rule — if the medicine cannot be shown to help the patient, then the medicine should not be prescribed.”

The editorial isn’t likely to change them any time soon. But the concerns should urge doctors to monitor their patients more closely and tailor medications and their doses more carefully.

—Why? Where is the key to the sound lab?

—Dear me! You _____ it in the taxi！

A. have never left B. haven’t left

C. never left D. didn’t leave

阅读下面材料， 在标有1-10的空格处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

One Sunday morning in August I went to a local music festival. I left it early because I had an appointment 1. (late) that day. My friends walked me to the bus stop and waited with me2. he bus arrived. I got on the bus and found a seat near the back, and then I noticed a man 3. (seat) at the front. He4. (pretend) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice. He must be 5. (mental) disabled. Behind him were other people to 6. he was trying to talk, but after some minutes they walked away and sat near me, looking annoyed.

I didn't want7. (laugh) at for talking to him but I didn't like leaving him8. his owneither. After a while I rose from my seat and walked to the front of the bus. I sat next to the man and introduced myself. We had9. amazing conversation. He got off the bus before me and I felt very happy the rest of the way home.

I'm glad I made the choice. It made 10. of us feel good.

Today we’ll talk about reading．When we read a text，our eyes move across a page in short，quick movements．We recognize words usually when our eyes still fixate（停留，凝视）．Each time they fixate，we see a group of words．This is known as the recognition span or the visual span（视幅）．The length of time for which the eyes stop varies from person to person．It also varies within any parson according to his purpose in reading and his familiarity with the text．In addition，it can be affected by such factors as lighting and tiredness．

Unfortunately，in the past，many reading improvement courses have concentrated too much on how our eyes move across the page．As a result of this misleading emphasis（强调）on the purely visual aspects of reading，many exercises have been designed to train the eyes to see more words at one fixation．For example，in some exercises，words are flashed on to a screen for a tenth of a second．One of the exercises has required students to fix their eyes on some central point，taking in the words on either side．Such word patterns are often formed in the shape of pyramids（金字塔），so the reader takes in more and more words at each successive（连续的）fixation．All these exercises are very clever，but it' s one thing to improve a person’s ability to see words and quite another thing to improve his ability to read a text efficiently．Reading requires the ability to understand the relationship between words．Consequently，for these reasons，many experts have now begun to question the usefulness of eye training，especially since any approach which trains a person to read isolated（孤立的）words and phrases would seem unlikely to help him in reading a continuous text．

1.The time of the recognition span can be affected by the following factors except _______．

A． 1ighting and tiredness

B． the length of a group of words

C． one’s purpose in reading

D． one’s familiarity with the text

2.The author may believe that reading ______________．

A． requires a reader to take in more words at each fixation

B． requires a reader to see words more quickly

C． demands a deeply-participating mind

D． demands more eyes than mind

3.What does the author mean by the underlined sentence in the second paragraph?

A． The ability to see words is not needed for an efficient reading．

B． The reading exercises mentioned are useless for reading．

C． The reading exercises mentioned can’t help improve reading．

D． The reading exercises mentioned have done a great job so far．

4.Which of the following is NOT true? _______________．

A． The visual span is a word or a group of words we see each time

B． Many experts began to question the efficiency of eye training

C． The emphasis on the purely visual aspects is misleading

D． The eye training will help readers in reading a continuous text

5.The tune of the author in writing this text is _________________．

A． critical B． neutral

C． supportive D． optimistic

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