题目内容
5.Are we too quick to blame and slow to praise?It seems that while most of us are only too ready to apply to others the cold wind of criticism,we are somehow unwilling to give others the warm sunshine of praise.It's strange how mean we are about praising.Perhaps it's because few of us know how to accept praise gracefully.Instead,we are embarrassed and ignore the words we are really so glad to hear.Because of this defensive reaction,direct praise is surprisingly difficult to give.
Do you ever go into a house and say,"What a tidy room!"Hardly anybody does.That's why housework is considered such a boring job.Shakespeare said,"Our praises are our wages."Since so often praise is the only wage a housewife receives,surely she is worthy of praise.
Mothers know naturally that for children an ounce of praise is worth a pound of scolding.Still,we are unaware of children's small achievements and we seldom apply the rule.One day I was criticizing my children for quarrelling."Can you never play peacefully?"I shouted.Susanna looked at me confused."Of course I can,"she said."But you don't notice us when we do."
Teachers agree about the value of praise."I believe that a student knows when he has handed in something above his usual standard,"writes a teacher,"and that he is hungry for a brief comment in the margin to show him that the teacher is aware of it,too."
Behavioral scientists have done countless experiments to prove that people have a tendency to repeat an act which has been immediately followed by a pleasant result.In one such experiment,a number of schoolchildren were divided into three groups and given arithmetic tests daily for five days.One group was constantly praised for its previous performance; another group was criticized; the third was ignored.Not surprisingly,those who were praised improved dramatically.Those who were criticized improved,too,but not so much.And the scores of the children who were ignored hardly improved at all.Interestingly,the brightest children were helped just as much by criticism as by praise,but the less able children,who reacted badly to criticism,needed praise the most.
To give praise costs the giver nothing but a moment's thought and a moment's effort-perhaps a quick phone call to pass on good comments,or write an appreciative letter.It is such a small investment-and yet consider the results it may produce.We will not only bring joy into other people's lives,but also,very often,added happiness into our room."I can live for two months on a good compliment."said Mark Twain.
Title:Profits of Praise
Theme | (71)Compared with criticism,praise should be valued and appreciated more. |
(72)Reasons for unwillingness to give praise | We feel embarrassed and ignore the words pleasant to our ears rather than accept them gracefully. We have (73)difficulty/trouble/problems giving direct praise because of our so-called defensive reaction. |
Importance of praise in some cases | A housewife(74)deserves to be praised for her sacrifices and devotion. A mother is supposed to be (75)aware of their children's small achievements and apply the rule of giving praise. A student waits hungrily for a good comment from his teacher when he hands in his homework above his usual standard. |
Findings of experiments on profits of praise | Everybody(76)tends to repeat an act if praised more often. Those who receive (77)constant praise have made dramatic improvement. Unlike brilliant children,less able children (78)reacting/responding badly to criticism need praise the most. |
(79)Conclusion/Summary | It (80)effort to make a moment's thought and effort to pass on good comments,for it brings added joy and happiness to our lives as well as others'. |
分析 本文是一篇任务型阅读,文章主要介绍了表扬的重要性.通过实验表明表扬的好处,希望人们不要吝啬自己的表扬,要对别人少批评,多表扬.
解答 71.Compared 72.Reasons 73.difficulty/trouble/problems 74.deserves 75.aware 76.tends 77.constant 78.reacting/responding 79.Conclusion/Summary 80.effort
71.Compared 信息转换题.全文讲述了我们总是爱批评而很少去表扬别人.事实上我们应该多去表扬别人.即与批评相比,表扬更值得重视和鼓励.compared with的意思是:与…相比.故该处填Compared.
72.Reasons 细节理解题.根据第二部分讲述了人们不愿意给别人表扬的原因.故该处填Reasons.
73.difficulty/trouble/problems 词性转化题.从第二段的句子:Because of this defensive reaction,direct praise is surprisingly difficult to give.可知由于这种防御性反应,直接表扬是很难给予.把形容词difficult转换成名词difficulty/trouble/problems.其中have difficulty/trouble/problems (in) doing 的意思是:做某事有困难.故该处填difficulty/trouble/problems.
74.deserves 词义转化题.从第三段的句子:Since so often praise is the only wage a housewife receives,surely she is worthy of praise.可知因为表扬常常是一个家庭主妇得到的唯一报酬,她当然值得表扬.其中be worthy of=deserve值得.故该处填deserves.
75.aware 信息转换题.从第四段的句子:Mothers know naturally that for children an ounce of praise is worth a pound of scolding.Still,we are unaware of children's small achievements and we seldom apply the rule.可知妈妈应该意识到一点点表扬胜于很多斥责.be aware of 的意思是:意识到…故该处填aware.
76.tends 词性转化题.从第六段的句子:Behavioral scientists have done countless experiments to prove that people have a tendency to repeat an act可知行为科学家做了无数的实验来证明人们有重复行为的倾向.把名词tendency转换成动词tends.故该处填tends.
77.constant 词性转化题.从第六段的句子:One group was constantly praised for its previous performance;和those who were praised improved dramatically.可知那些受到不断赞扬的人取得了巨大的进步.把副词constantly转化成形容词constant.故该处填constant.
78.reacting/responding 词性转化题.从第六段的句子:but the less able children,who reacted badly to criticism,needed praise the most.但那些能力较差,对批评反感的孩子是最需要表扬.把过去分词reacted转化成动名词reacting/responding.故该处填reacting/responding.
79.Conclusion/Summary 归纳词填空.右边的内容是对文章的总结.conclusion/summary的意思是总结.故该处填Conclusion/Summary.
80.effort 原词重现题.从最后一段的句子:To give praise costs the giver nothing but a moment's thought and a moment's effort可知给予赞美的人付出的代价只是片刻的思考和片刻的努力.故该处填effort.
点评 文章层次结构清晰,上下文联系紧密,做题时,先通读全文,熟悉各段内容,填单词的时候注意密切联系上下文,认真体会上下文之间的联系,填好之后可以代入检查核对.
My (50)A at his pride and joy in salesmanship will be easily understood by all who read this article.In many shops the customer has to wait for someone to serve him.And when (51)D some clerk does notice you,you are made to feel as if you were (52)B him.Either he is (53)A in deep thought in which he hates to be interrupted (打断) (54)B he is chatting with a girl clerk and you feel like (55)B for"being too rude".
He shows no interest either in you or in the goods he is (56)A to sell. (57)B possibly the very clerk who is now so indifferent(冷漠的) began his career with hope and (58)D.The daily work was too much for him; the (59)A disappears slowly; his only pleasures were found outside of working hours; and he saw younger clerks who had more enthusiasm in their work promoted over him.He became sour.That was the last (60)B.His usefulness was over.
41.A.suddenly | B.then | C.as | D.when |
42.A.uncertain | B.unimportant | C.unknown | D.unconscious |
43.A.cleared | B.caught | C.trapped | D.flashed |
44.A.looking | B.shining | C.fixed | D.widened |
45.A.note | B.sense | C.accent | D.feeling |
46.A.in particular | B.for fun | C.by accident | D.on purpose |
47.A.saying | B.showing | C.advertising | D.promoting |
48.A.exposing | B.finding | C.discovering | D.uncovering |
49.A.probably | B.likely | C.only | D.fortunately |
50.A.amazement | B.interest | C.excitement | D.pleasure |
51.A.firstly | B.especially | C.naturally | D.finally |
52.A.serving | B.disturbing | C.pleasing | D.preventing |
53.A.absorbed | B.devoted | C.busy | D.addicted |
54.A.and | B.or | C.since | D.as |
55.A.forgiving | B.apologizing | C.troubling | D.annoying |
56.A.paid | B.interested | C.accustomed | D.appealed |
57.A.Finally | B.Yet | C.So | D.Unfortunately |
58.A.prejudice | B.commitment | C.faith | D.enthusiasm |
59.A.newness | B.preference | C.reputation | D.value |
60.A.life | B.stage | C.failure | D.work |
About five minutes later the cashier (37)A told us,"Oh,good!Someone's coming!"It was a woman with two little kids.As the woman reached for her (38)A,the cashier,handing her the (39)C,told her that (40)D wanted to,anonymously,buy her family's ice cream.She couldn't (41)B it."Seriously?"she asked.Rachel and I (42)C not to notice.It was great.The cashier,aware that we wanted to remain anonymous,came over to"wipe off our table,"(43)Aleaving our change on our table.She was about as (44)Das we were.
After enjoying our ice cream,we took a napkin(纸巾) and wrote a (45)B to the cashier thanking her for her assistance.We (46)B until she went to the back room,quickly (47)A the note,a nice tip,and a second Smile Card on the (48)C,and ran out before we were seen.
I treasure every date night with my daughter and (49)B the world through her eyes is always(50)D for me.
31.A.date | B.game | C.dinner | D.travel |
32.A.preparing | B.looking | C.asking | D.paying |
33.A.nice | B.next | C.poor | D.last |
34.A.responsibility | B.politeness | C.understanding | D.kindness |
35.A.refused | B.changed | C.took | D.borrowed |
36.A.warm-hearted | B.unfortunate | C.lucky | D.curious |
37.A.quietly | B.quickly | C.loudly | D.slowly |
38.A.wallet | B.glasses | C.ice cream | D.phone |
39.A.money | B.napkin | C.Smile Card | D.change |
40.A.no one | B.anyone | C.none | D.someone |
41.A.accept | B.believe | C.follow | D.doubt |
42.A.decided | B.hoped | C.pretended | D.intended |
43.A.secretly | B.seriously | C.openly | D.friendly |
44.A.nervous | B.embarrassed | C.surprised | D.happy |
45.A.notice | B.note | C.check | D.paragraph |
46.A.ate | B.waited | C.wrote | D.left |
47.A.placed | B.gave | C.handed | D.passed |
48.A.newspaper | B.chair | C.counter | D.floor |
49.A.changing | B.seeing | C.hearing | D.exploring |
50.A.difficult | B.funny | C.distant | D.fantastic |