A new study warns that about thirty percent of the world people may not have enough water by the year 2025. A private American organization called Population Action International did the new study. It 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

题目内容

　A new study warns that about thirty percent of the world people may not have enough water by the year 2025. A private American organization called Population Action International did the new study. It says more than three hundred and thirty-five million people lack enough water now. The people live in twenty-eight countries. Most of the countries are in Africa or the Middle East.

　　PAI researchers Robert Engel says by the year 2025,about three thousand million people lack water. At least 18 more countries are, expected to have serious water problems. The demand for water keeps increasing. Yet the amount of water on the earth stays the same.

　　Mr. Engel says the population in countries that lack water is growing faster than in other parts of the world. He says population growth in these countries will increase.

　　The report says lack of water in the future may result in several problems. It may increase health problem. Lack of water often means drinking water is not safe. Mr. Engel says there are problems all over the world be cause of diseases such as cholera（霍乱）that is carried in water.

　　Lack of water also results in more international conflict（冲突）. Countries may have to fight for water in the future. Some countries now get sixty percent of their water from other countries. This is true of Egypt, the Netherlands, Cambodia, Syria, Sudan, and Iraq. And the report says lack of water would affect the ability to improve their economics. This is because new in dustries often need large amounts of water when they are beginning.

　　The Population Action International study gives several solutions（解决方法）to the problem, One way, it says. is to find ways to use water for more than one purpose. Another way is to teach people to be careful not to waste water. A third is to use less water for agriculture.

　　The report also says long-term solution to the water problem must in clued controls on population growth.

　　1．According to the report, how many countries will lack water by the year 2025?

　　　　A. 18.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　B. 28.

　　　　C. 46.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　D. At least 46.

　　2．Which of the following is not true according to the passage?

　　　　A. The amount of the water on earth will always stay the same.

　　　　B. The report gives three solutions to the water problem.

　　　　C. Most of the countries that lack water belong to the developing countries.

　　　　D. There's only one long-term solution to solve the water problem.

　　3．Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage?

　　　　A. The polluted water may carry diseases.

　　　　B. Some countries may fight with each other for water.

　　　　C. The developed countries don't lack water now.

　　　　D. Industries need a lot of water.

　　4．What is the main idea of this passage?

　　　　A. Water shortage is quite serious in the world nowadays.

　　　　B. PAI did a lot of study about water shortage.

　　　　C. Controlling pollution is the best way to solve the problem of water shortage.

　　　　D. Water shortage will be a serious problem facing us in the near future.

1. 解析：根据第一段中的twenty-eight countries 和第二段中的18 more countries可以得出答案。

　　答案：C

　2. 解析：通过短文最后一段可知，控制人口增长是长期解决方案之一，而不是唯一方案。其余的选项文中都有提示。

　　答案：D

3.　解析：尽管文中提到缺水问题主要存在于发展中国家，但并没有提到发达国家不缺水。

　　答案：C

4.解析：文中提到缺水问题现在已经出现，但主要论述了不久的将来缺水问题的严重性，故答案为D，不是A。

　　答案：D

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阅读理解

　　A new study warns that about thirty percent of the world's people may not have enough water by the year 2025.

　　A private American organization called Population Action International did the new study. It says more than three－hundred－thirty－five－million people lack enough water now. The people live in twenty－eight countries. Most of the countries are in Africa or the Middle East.

　　P－A－I researcher Robert Engelman says by the year 2025, about three－thousand－million people may lack water. At least 18 more countries are expected to have severe water problems. The demand for water keeps increasing. Yet the amount of water on Earth stays the same.

　　Mr. Engelman says the population in countries that lack water is growing faster than in other parts of the world. He says population growth in these countries will continue to increase.

　　The report says lack of water in the future may result in several problems. It may increase health problems. Lack of water often means drinking waters not safe. Mr. Engelman says there are problems all over the world because of diseases, such as cholera, which are carried in water. Lack of water may also result in more international conflict. Countries may have to compete for water in the future. Some countries now get sixty percent of their fresh water from other countries. This is true of Egypt, the Netherlands, Cambodia, Syria, Sudan, and Iraq. And the report says lack of water would affect the ability of developing to improve their economies. This is because new industries often need a large amount of water when they are beginning.

　　The Population Action International study gives several solutions to the water problem. One way, it says, is to find ways to use water for more than one purpose. Another way is to teach people to be careful not to waste water. A third way is to use less water of agriculture.

　　The report also says long－term solutions to the water problem must include controls on population growth. It says countries cannot provide clean water unless they slow population growth by limiting the number of children people have.

1．According to the author's opinion, the first serious problem caused by lack of water is ________.

[　　]

2．Robert Engelman may be ________.

[　　]

3．________ may have severe water problem among the following countries.

[　　]

4．Which of the following is not the way to solve the water problem?

[　　]

A．To control population growth.

B．To teach people not to waste water.

C．To find ways to use water for only one purpose.

D．To use less water of agriculture.

5．Which of the following is the main idea of the passage?

[　　]

A．How to get more water in the future.

B．Problems caused by water.

C．World water shortage.

D．A new study on water.

阅读理解

　　A new study suggests that very young children who watch a lot of television may have attention problems later in school．

　　Children with attention problems cannot sit still or control their actions．They talk too much, lose things, forget easily and are not able to finish tasks．

　　People with attention problems may suffer a condition known as Attention Deficit Disorder(A．D．D．)．Experts say the cause of A．D．D．involves chemicals in the brain．Teachers say many children in the United States are showing signs of disorder．Some education researchers have been saying for years that watching television at a very young age could change the normal development of the brain．For example, they say that children who watch a lot of television are not able to sit and read for an extended period of time．

　　The new study tested the idea that television watching by very young children is linked to attention problems by the age of seven．It involved more than 1300 children．There were two groups of children, ages one and three．Researchers at Children’s Hospital in Seattle, Washington reported the results in the publication Pediatrics(儿科)．They asked the parents how often the children watched television．The parents also described their children’s actions at the age of seven using a method that can tell if someone suffers Attention Deficit Disorder．

　　The children who watched a lot of television at an early age were most likely to have attention problems．Every hour of watching television increased the chances of having attention problems by about ten percent．

　　The researchers say that all the children with attention problems might not have A．D．D．But they still could face major learning problems in school．The findings support advice by a group of doctors that children under the age of two should not watch television．

　　One of the researchers says there are other reasons why children should not watch television．Earlier studies have linked it with children becoming too fat and too aggressive(好斗的)．Other experts say the new study is important, but more work needs to be done to confirm the findings and better explain the cause and effect．

　　本文描述的是儿童看电视对他们以后的一些消极的影响。孩子过早地看电视或者看电视过多都会导致孩子记忆力难以集中，多动，好斗，容易忘事等等。

(1)

The best title for the passage is ________．
[　　]
A．	TV and Attention Problems
B．	Attention and Learning
C．	Disadvantages of Watching TV
D．	Causes of Attention Deficit Disorder

(2)

Children with attention problems may ________．
[　　]
A．	control their actions
B．	sit and read quietly
C．	complete tasks easily
D．	talk a lot in class

(3)

Watching TV at an early age may cause all of the following problems EXCEPT ________．
[　　]
A．	gaining weight
B．	being too aggressive
C．	poor eyesight
D．	Attention Deficit Disorder

(4)

What can be inferred from the passage?
[　　]
A．	Experts should have further studies on the subject．
B．	Watching TV has no effect on children’s character．
C．	Learning problems are caused by watching too much TV．
D．	Attention problems are caused only by watching TV．

　　A new study has found that it may be possible to train people to be more intelligent，increasing the brainpower they had at birth.
　　Until now，it has been widely assumed that the kind of mental ability that allows us to solve new problems without having any relevant previous experience—what psychologists call fluid intelligence—is innate and cannot be taught（though people can raise their grades on tests of it by practicing）.
　　But in the new study，researchers describe a method for improving this skill，along with experiments to prove it works.
　　The key, researchers found, was carefully structured training in working memory—the kind that allows memorization of a telephone number just long enough to dial it. This type of memory is closely related to fluid intelligence，so the researchers reasoned that improving it might lead to improvements in fluid intelligence.
　　First they measured fluid intelligence of volunteers using standard tests. Then they trained each in a complicated memory task—the child’s card game，in which they had to recall a card they saw and heard. During the course, they needed to ignore irrelevant items，monitor ongoing performance，manage two tasks at the same time and connect related items to one another in space and time.
　　The four groups experienced a half-hour of training daily for 8，12，17 and 19 days，respectively. To make sure they were not just improving their test-taking skills，the researchers compared them with control groups that took the tests without the training.
　　The results, published Monday in The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences，were striking. Improvement in the trained groups was a lot greater. Moreover，the longer they trained, the higher their scores were. All performers，from the weakest to the strongest，showed significant improvement.
　　“Our results show you can increase your intelligence with proper training.”said Dr Jaeggi, a co-author of the paper.“No one knows how long the gains will last after training stops，”he added，“and the experiment’s design did not allow the researchers to determine whether more training would continue to produce further gains.”
67．The researchers thought the key to improving the intelligence was ______________.
A．memorizing telephone numbers
B．improving working memory
C．training in concentration
D．recalling a card
68．The following aspects of the training help increase intelligence EXCEPT___________.
A．ignoring irrelevant items
B．monitoring ongoing performance
C．managing two tasks at the same time
D．using previous experience
69．When the experiment was conducted，the researchers______________.
A．trained the four groups for the same period of time
B．only made comparisons between the four groups
C．compared the four groups with control groups
D．trained the four groups together
70．By writing the article，the writer intends to ______________.
A．inform the readers of a new study
B．call on people to be trained to increase intelligence
C．prove one’s born brainpower can be improved
D．tell people the improved intelligence will last forever

　　A new study has found that it may be possible to train people to be more intelligent，increasing the brainpower they had at birth.

　　Until now，it has been widely assumed that the kind of mental ability that allows us to solve new problems without having any relevant previous experience—what psychologists call fluid intelligence—is innate and cannot be taught（though people can raise their grades on tests of it by practicing）.

　　But in the new study，researchers describe a method for improving this skill，along with experiments to prove it works.

　　The key, researchers found, was carefully structured training in working memory—the kind that allows memorization of a telephone number just long enough to dial it. This type of memory is closely related to fluid intelligence，so the researchers reasoned that improving it might lead to improvements in fluid intelligence.

　　First they measured fluid intelligence of volunteers using standard tests. Then they trained each in a complicated memory task—the child’s card game，in which they had to recall a card they saw and heard. During the course, they needed to ignore irrelevant items，monitor ongoing performance，manage two tasks at the same time and connect related items to one another in space and time.

　　The four groups experienced a half-hour of training daily for 8，12，17 and 19 days，respectively. To make sure they were not just improving their test-taking skills，the researchers compared them with control groups that took the tests without the training.

　　The results, published Monday in The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences，were striking. Improvement in the trained groups was a lot greater. Moreover，the longer they trained, the higher their scores were. All performers，from the weakest to the strongest，showed significant improvement.

　　“Our results show you can increase your intelligence with proper training.”said Dr Jaeggi, a co-author of the paper.“No one knows how long the gains will last after training stops，”he added，“and the experiment’s design did not allow the researchers to determine whether more training would continue to produce further gains.”

67．The researchers thought the key to improving the intelligence was ______________.

A．memorizing telephone numbers

B．improving working memory

C．training in concentration

D．recalling a card

68．The following aspects of the training help increase intelligence EXCEPT___________.

A．ignoring irrelevant items

B．monitoring ongoing performance

C．managing two tasks at the same time

D．using previous experience

69．When the experiment was conducted，the researchers______________.

A．trained the four groups for the same period of time

B．only made comparisons between the four groups

C．compared the four groups with control groups

D．trained the four groups together

70．By writing the article，the writer intends to ______________.

A．inform the readers of a new study

B．call on people to be trained to increase intelligence

C．prove one’s born brainpower can be improved

D．tell people the improved intelligence will last forever

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