题目内容

What will man be like in the future — in 5,000 or even 50,000 years from now? We can only make guesses, of course, but we can be sure that he will be different from what he is today, for man is slowly changing all the time.

Let us take an obvious example. Man, even five hundred years ago, was shorter than he is today. Now, on average, men are about three inches taller. Five hundred years is relatively a short period of time, so we may suppose that man will continue to grow taller. Again, in the modern world we use our brains a great deal. Even so, we still make use of only about 20% of the brain’s capacity(容量). As time goes on, however, we shall have to use our brains more and more, and finally we shall need our brains more and more, and finally we shall need larger ones! This is likely to bring a physical change too: the head, in particular the forehead, will grow larger.

Nowadays our eyes are in constant use. In fact, we use them so much that very often they become weaker and we have to wear glasses. But over long period of time it is likely that man’s eyes will grow stronger.

On the other hand, we tend to make less use of our arms and legs. These, as a result, are likely to grow weaker. At the same time, however, our fingers will grow more sensitive because they are used a great deal in modern life.

But what about hair? This will probably disappear from the body altogether in course of time because it does not serve a useful purpose any longer. In the future, then, both sexes are likely to be bald.

Perhaps all this gives the impression that future man will not be a very attractive creature to look at! This may well be true. All the same, in spite of all these changes, future man will still have a lot in common with us. He will still be a human being, with thoughts and motions similar to our own.

1.The passage mainly tells us that __________.

A.Man’s life will be different in the future

B.Future man will look quite different from us

C.Man is growing taller and uglier as time passes

D.Man’s organs’ functions will change

2.What serves as the evidence that man is changing?

A.Man has got stronger eyes now than he ever had.

B.Man’s hair is getting thinner and thinner.

C.Man’s arms and legs have become lighter and weaker.

D.Man has been growing taller over the past 500 years.

3.The change in man’s size of the forehead is probably because __________.

A.he makes use of only 20% of the brain’s capacity

B.his brain has grown larger over the past centuries

C.he will use his brain more and more as time goes on

D.the other 80% of his brain will grow in due time

4.Which of the following is TRUE about a human being in the future?

A.He is hairless because hair is no longer useful.

B.He has smaller eyes and wears better glasses.

C.His fingers grow weaker because he doesn’t have to make use of them.

D.He thinks and feels in a different way.

5.It is implied that __________.

A.human beings will become less attractive in the future

B.body organs will become poorer if they are not used often

C.human beings hope for a change in the future life

D.future life is always predictable

 

【答案】

1.B

2.D

3.C

4.A

5.B

【解析】

试题分析:本文讲述的是未来的人类随着时间的变化所发生的巨大的变化。

1.B 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段What will man be like in the future — in 5,000 or even 50,000 years from now? We can only make guesses, of course, but we can be sure that he will be different from what he is today, for man is slowly changing all the time.可知本文讲述的是未来的人类随着时间的变化所发生的巨大的变化。故B正确。

2.D 细节题。根据第二段1,2行Let us take an obvious example. Man, even five hundred years ago, was shorter than he is today. Now, on average, men are about three inches taller.列举了500年前的人和现在的人的在身高上的差别为例,说明人类在不停地变化。故D正确。

3.C 细节题。根据第二段中最后5行As time goes on, however, we shall have to use our brains more and more, and finally we shall need our brains more and more, and finally we shall need larger ones! This is likely to bring a physical change too: the head, in particular the forehead, will grow larger.可知正是因为用脑越来越多,导致前额的变化。故C正确。

4.A 细节题。根据文章倒数第二段1,2行But what about hair? This will probably disappear from the body altogether in course of time because it does not serve a useful purpose any longer.可知A正确。

5.B 推断题。根据文章倒数第三段1,2行On the other hand, we tend to make less use of our arms and legs. These, as a result, are likely to grow weaker.可知如果人类的某个器官,利用的少,就可能变得更为虚弱。故B正确。

考点:考查科幻类短文阅读

点评:本文讲述的是未来的人类随着时间的变化所发生的巨大的变化。本文以细节题的考查为主,细节题是针对文中某个细节、某句话或某部分具体内容设置问题,正确答案的根据一定可以在原文中找到,即原文的改写往往成为正确选项。通常细节题的正确选项有以下特征:对原文句子中的关键词进行替换。把原文中的一些词换成意义相近的词,成为正确选项。词性或者语态的变化。把原文中的一些词变换一下词性,或者改变原文句子的语态,给考生制造障碍。语言简化。把原文中的复杂语言现象进行简化,成为正确答案。正话反说。把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项(适用于寻找错误选项的题目)。

 

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Everyone knows about straight-A students. We see them frequently in TV situation comedies and in movies like Revenge(报复)of the Nerds. They get high grades, all right, but only by becoming dull laborers, their noses always stuck in a book. They are not good at social communication and look clumsy(笨拙的) while doing sports.

How, then, do we account for Domenica Roman or Paul Melendres?

Roman is on the tennis team at Fairmont Senior High School. She also sings in the choral group, serves on the student council and is a member of the mathematics society. For two years she has maintained A’s in every subject. Melendres, a freshman at the University of New Mexico, was student-body president at Valley High School in Albuquerque. He played soccer and basketball well, exhibited at the science fair, and meanwhile worked as a reporter on a local television station. Being a speech giver at the graduation ceremony, he achieved straight A’s in his regular classes, plus bonus points for A’s in two college-level courses.

How do super-achievers like Roman and Melendres do it? Brains aren’t the only answer. “Top grades don’t always go to the brightest students,” declares Herbert Walberg, a professor of education at the University of Illinois at Chicago, who has conducted major studies on super-achieving students. “Knowing how to make the most of your innate(天生的)abilities counts for more. Much more.”

In fact, Walberg says, students with high IQ sometimes don’t do as well as classmates with lower IQ. For them, learning comes too easily and they never find out how to get down.

Hard work isn’t the whole story, either. “It’s not how long you sit there with the books open,” said one of the many-A students we interviewed. “It’s what you do while you’re sitting.” Indeed, some of these students actually put in fewer hours of homework time than their lower-scoring classmates.

The kids at the top of the class get there by mastering a few basic techniques that others can readily learn.

1.The underlined word “nerds” can probably be________ .

A.dull bookworms lacking sports and social skills

B.successful top students popular with their peers

C.students with certain learning difficulties

D.born leaders crazy about social activities

2.What can we conclude from the first paragraph?

A.Most TV programs and films are about straight-A students.

B.People have unfavorable impression on straight-A students.

C.Everyone knows about straight-A students from TV or films.

D.Straight-A students are well admired by people in the society.

3.Some students become super-achievers mainly because_________ .

A.they are born cleverer than others

B.they work longer hours at study

C.they make full use of their abilities

D.they know the shortcut to success

4.What will be talked about after the last paragraph?

A.The interviews with more students.

B.The role IQ plays in learning well.

C.The techniques to be better learners.

D.The achievements top students make.

5.What can we infer from the passage?

A.IQ is more important than hard work in study.

B.The brightest students can never get low grades.

C.Top students certainly achieve all-around developments.

D.Students with average IQ can become super-achievers.

 

You’re rushing to work and a man ahead of you collapses on the sidewalk. Do you stop to help? In a study of by-standers, it was found that some people avert their gaze and keep on  walking rather than stop and get involved.

“There is a tendency to decide that no action is needed.” says a psychologist. “The first thoughts that pop into your mind often keep you from offering help. In order to take action, you have to work against them.” Here are some common thoughts that might prevent you from helping.

● Why should I be the one? I’m probably not the most competent(有能力的) person in this crowd. You might think someone older or with more medical knowledge should offer assistance.

● What if he doesn’t really need my help? The fear of embarrassment is powerful; no one wants to risk looking foolish in front of others.

● No one else looks concerned- this must not be a problem. We can follow the people around us, but most people tend to hold back their emotions in public.

“If you spot trouble and find yourself explaining inaction, force yourself to stop and evaluate the situation instead of walking on,” says the psychologist. “Then retry to involve other people; you don’t have to take on the entire responsibility of being helpful. Sometimes it’s just a matter of turning to the person next to you and saying, ‘It looks like we should do something.’ Or asking someone if an ambulance has been called and, if not, to call for one. Once you take action, most people will follow you.”

1.Which is NOT the common thought that stops you from helping others?

A.I’m not the very person capable of setting the problem.

B.It looks like we should do something.

C.It must not be a problem as no one else is concerned.

D.He doesn’t really need my help.

2.According to a study of by-standers, what will some people do when a man ahead falls down on the sidewalk?

A.They will call for help and then walk away.

B.They will stop and offer help.

C.They will turn away their eyes and go on walking.

D.They will laugh at him.

3.We learn from the last paragraph that if we spot trouble,          

A.we should call the ambulance as soon as we can.

B.we should take on the whole responsibility and do something alone.

C.we should stop and evaluate the situation and try to make other people follow.

D.we should turn to other people and ask them to take on the responsibility

4.In order to offer others your timely help, you need to        

A.ask others for help and call the police

B.get along well with the passers-by who spot the trouble

C.go directly to the police station

D.work against the first thoughts that prevent you offering help

5.The main purpose of the text is to tell readers        

A.to give others a hand                    B.to be more competent

C.not to risk looking foolish                 D.to stop and evaluate the situation

 

As the Internet’s influence grows, the potential for danger also escalates (逐步上升). One of these dangers is from cyber-bullying. Cyber-bullying (网络欺凌) is repeatedly hurting someone else through the use of technology. It consists of sending or posting cruel messages, photos, or videos on the Internet or other electronic media with the intent of damaging the reputation of the target. Imagine being a 13-year-old girl discovering a cell phone picture of her changing clothes for gym class has been sent to all her classmates. Or imagine being an 11-year-old boy who is scared to go to school because an unknown bully sent him an instant message saying that he is so fat that he should kill himself. Cases such as these are happening every day, leading kids to be depressed and unable to concentrate.
Worse yet, parents are oblivious (忽视的) to what is happening. Only 15 percent of parents even know what cyber-bullying is. And anyone who thinks that their child is not a victim or a bully is probably wrong. 90 percent of middle school students have had their feelings hurt online and 75 percent have admitted to visiting a website attacking another student.
Unlike traditional schoolyard bullying, where a bully has a name and a face, cyber-bullying gets much of its power from anonymity (匿名). A cyber bully might design a website posting cruel remarks about a classmate and never tell anyone that he or she was the creator. The cyber-bullying also gets its power from the scope (范围) of its audience. Within seconds, a cyber bully can send an e-mail to everyone he or she knows, inviting them to take part in an online poll (民意测验) of who is the ugliest kid in their class. Victims can be picked on day and night from any place.
The good news is that you can help stop cyber-bullying. By making parents and educators aware of what is going on and encouraging them to take quick and strong action when cyber-bullying cases happen, you can help make technology constructive, not destructive, for young people.

  1. 1.

    What can we learn from the second paragraph?

    1. A.
      Not many students have known of cyber-bullying.
    2. B.
      Parents may not know their child is a victim of cyber-bullying.
    3. C.
      Parents know a lot of cyber-bullying.
    4. D.
      Most of the students have not been hurt by cyber-bullying.
  2. 2.

    What does the author think of the cyber-bullying?

    1. A.
      It is not as harmful as people think.
    2. B.
      It is too complex a problem to settle.
    3. C.
      It will not affect the relationship between classmates.
    4. D.
      It can be stopped through our efforts.
  3. 3.

    What will probably be discussed in the following passage?

    1. A.
      How to prevent cyber-bullying.
    2. B.
      What parents and educators think of cyber-bullying.
    3. C.
      How to make parents aware of cyber-bullying.
    4. D.
      How to make good use of technology.

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