题目内容
Great inventors don’t ______ graduate from famous universities. Some didn’t even go to university.
| A．likely | B．necessarily | C．really | D．nearly |
B
解析
In some countries in which there is very little rain at any time, the farmers have to irrigate their fields. Irrigation is easy enough if there is a great river near the crops, and if there is plenty of water in it. Canals carry the river water to the fields when necessary. In some seasons there may be too much water in the river, and the water may flood all the land near it. At other times the river water may not be enough for all the farmers, and then it will be difficult to irrigate the fields.
To prevent these difficulties, a dam may be built across the river. This will store water for dry seasons, and in wet seasons it will prevent the flooding of the land. A great lake will, no doubt, be formed behind the dam, and this may mean that houses and fields will be covered with water. Most people will accept that and will be ready to move to other places. Then the country can have the right amount of water at all times; more crops will be grown, there will be more food for everyone, and there will be no more floods.
Dams have been built for centuries in different parts of the world. Modern dame are usually built of concrete（混凝土）but earth dams were used in India and Sri Lanka about 2500 years ago. There was another across the River Tigris very long ago, and large numbers of irrigation canals were made in Iraq to irrigate the land. The Romans were great dam-builders and there was also a famous dam at Ma’ rubin Arabia.
We cannot use sea water for irrigation; the salt will not allow the crops to grow. Fresh water is always needed, and it is very difficult and costly to make fresh water from sea water. This is done in a few countries, but the fresh water is for drinking. There is not enough at present for irrigation. Perhaps a scientist will one day invent a cheaper way of producing fresh water from the sea.
【小题1】The first paragraph mainly talks about .
| A．the problems caused by river water |
| B．the necessity to irrigate the field |
| C．the water shortage in some countries |
| D．the canals carrying water to fields |
| A．to cover the houses and fields |
| B．for people to have the right amount of water at all times |
| C．to grow crops better |
| D．to form a large lake |
| A．a dam will be built across the river |
| B．a dam will store water for dry seasons |
| C．in wet seasons a dam will prevent the flooding of the land |
| D．houses and fields will be covered will water |
| A．modern dams are made of concrete |
| B．Romans once built many great dams |
| C．there was too much water in 1rap in the past |
| D．modern dams are better than early dams |
One of the world's richest men has taken a close interest in one of man’s most basic functions: visiting the toilet．Bill Gates’s charitable organization, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, is looking for inventors to design the loo of the future, which, they hope, would improve sanitation for millions of people around the world．
So, what's wrong with the traditional flush toilet? Firstly, it wastes a huge amount of potential drinking water．Secondly, they are more likely to cause pollution．This is a real problem in many areas of the developing world, where, according to United Nations estimates, unsafe sanitation causes half of all hospitalizations．Younger people are particularly at risk．Illnesses which cause diarrhea are responsible for the deaths of about 1.5 million children a year．Finally, standard lavatories simply aren’t practical in remote areas．
The challenge set by Bill Gates was to come up with a latrine which works without running water, electricity or aseptic tank(化粪池)．It also needed to operate for less than 5 cents．28 designs were displayed at the recent Reinvent the Toilet Fair in Seattle, USA．Among them was one which turned human waste into electricity using microwaves, another which converted human waste into charcoal, and yet another which used urine for flushing．
But the winner was a solar-powered design which generated hydrogen gas and electricity.The team from the California Institute of Technology（CIT）picked up a prize of $ 100,000.
But clearly Bill Gates doesn’t feel he’s flushing money down the toilet．After the Seattle event he said, “We, couldn’t be happier with the response we’ve gotten,” Gates has even pledged $370m more to the future toilet project．They hope to field test more prototypes over the next three years．
【小题1】Why is Bill Gates paying people to invent new toilets?
| A．Because he wants to test people’s sense of creativity． |
| B．Because he wants to improve sanitation for many people． |
| C．Because he thinks the traditional ones are out of fashion． |
| D．Because he can’t design this kind of things himself． |
| A．They waste too much water． |
| B．They might cause diseases． |
| C．They are not always practical． |
| D．They are too complicated to use. |
| A．Loo | B．sanitation | C．diarrhea | D．prototype |
| A．can change human waste into electricity |
| B．can turn human waste into charcoal |
| C．can produce power with solar energy |
| D．can use urine for flushing |
| A．showing off their wealth |
| B．being angry with their work onditions |
| C．wasting money for nothing |
| D．expressing their great determination |
How men first learnt to invent words is unknown; in other words, the origin of language is a mystery． All we really know is that men, unlike animals, somehow invented certain sounds to express thoughts and feelings, actions and things, so that they could communicate with each other; and that later they agreed upon certain signs, called letters． These letters could be combined to represent those sounds, and which could be written down． Those sounds, whether spoken, or written in letters, we call words．
The power of words, then, lies in their associations---the things they bring up before our
minds． Words become filled with meaning for us by experience, and the longer we live, the more certain words recall to us the glad and sad events of our past; and the more we read and learn, the more the number of words that mean something to us increases． Great writers are those who not only have great thoughts but also express these thoughts in words which appeal powerfully to our minds and emotions． This charming and telling use of words is what we call literary style． Above all, the real poet is a master of words． He can convey his meaning in words which sing like music and which by their position and association can move men to tears． We should therefore learn to choose our words carefully and use them accurately, or they will make our speech silly and vulgar（粗俗的)．
1.Which is TRUE about the origin of language?
A．Men, as well as animals, in vented certain sounds to express thoughts．
B．The origin of language is a complicated question．
C．Words did not haven written form, at first．
D．Words were invented to represent meanings．
2.The power of words lies in ．
A．the fact that it can associate the things in the world with the ideas in our minds．
B．the fact that once word is connected with another
C．the fact that it can associate one person with another
D．the fact that it can recall to us the events of our past
3.The following statements are true EXCEPT that ．
A．the more we read and learn, the larger our vocabulary will be
B．the longer we live, the number of words that mean something to us increases
C．words can be used to represent various meanings
D．literary style is usually very charming
4.What does this passage primarily concern?
A．The Meaning of Words．
B．The Characteristics of Words．
C．The Origin of Words．
D．The Power of Words．