Most people think their time problems are outer, and that they are caused by the telephone, meetings, visitors, and delayed information or decisions. Although these problems often have a bad effete on them, as when people call or drop in, we usually contribute to them. We fail to have calls screened by a skillful secretary or assistant, or we leave our door open, actually assuring constant interruptions.

In almost all cases, it is possible to influence, if not control, it usually can cause problems, such as, slowness and indecision, lack of self-discipline, the inability to delegate, or the tendency to fight fires, to act without thinking, and to jump from task to task without finishing any of them.

Time is constant that cannot be changed. The clock cannot be slowed down or speeded up. Thus we cannot manage time itself. We can only manage our activities with respect to time.

The same skills are needed as those used in managing others―the abilities to plan, organize, delegate, direct, and control. Time management is simply self-management. It is impossible to be effective in any position without controlling one’s time effectively.

Successful time management does not mean working harder, but working smarter. All kinds of management skills must be used in the home and office to get most value from time. You must think ahead about what to do, and timely than others, making it get maximum results in the shortest possible period.

 

13. According to the writer, time problems                .

A. are caused by the telephone, meetings and visitors

B. are caused by delayed information or decisions

C. can be solved by self-management         

D. can’t be controlled

14. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as tile internally generated time wasters?

A. slowness and indecision.                              

B. Lack of self-discipline.

C. Jumping from task to task without finishing any of them.            

D. Working hard.

15. It can be concluded from the passage that the abilities to plan, organize, delegate, direct and control should           .

A. be used in managing others’ activities     

B. be used in managing one’s own activities

C. not be used in time management     

D. be used in managing both others’ and one’s activities

16. We can also draw a conclusion that the key to successful time management is           .

A. working harder and harder                                         

B. clever self-management

C. thinking of what to do, and how and when to do it

D. employing a skillful secretary

Legend has it that sometime toward the end of the Civil War (1861 - 1865) a government train carrying oxen was caught in a snowstorm and had to be abandoned. The driver returned the next spring to see what had become of his cargo. Instead of the skeletons he had expected to find, he saw his oxen, living, fat, and healthy. How had they survived?

    The answer lay in a resource that unknowing Americans had trampled (践踏) underfoot in their haste(匆忙)to cross the “Great American Desert” to reach lands that sometimes proved barren. In the eastern parts of the United States, the preferred grass for forage (草料) was a cultivated plant. It grew well with enough rain, then when cut and stored it would cure and become nourishing hay for winter feed. But in the dry grazing lands of the west, that familiar blue joint grass was often killed by drought. To raise cattle out there seemed risky or even hopeless.

     Who could imagine a fairy-tale grass that required no rain and somehow made it possible for cattle to feed themselves all winter? But the surprising western wild grasses did just that. They had wonderfully convenient features that made them superior to the cultivated eastern grasses. Variously known as buffalo grass, not only were they immune to drought, but they were actually preserved by the lack of summer and autumn rains. They were not juicy like the cultivated eastern grasses, but had short, hard stems. And they did not need to be cured in a barn, but dried right where they grew on the ground. When they dried in this way, they remained naturally sweet and nourishing through the winter. Cattle left outdoors to fend for themselves thrived on this hay. And the cattle themselves helped plant the fresh grass year after year, for they trampled the natural seeds firmly into the soil to be watered by the melting snows of winter and the occasional rains of spring. The dry summer air cured them much as storing in a barn cured the cultivated grasses.

 

87. What does the passage mainly discuss?

   A. Western migration after the Civil War.

   B. The raising of cattle.

   C. The climate of the western United States.

   D. A type of wild vegetation.

88. What can we infer from the cultivated grasses mentioned in the second paragraph?

   A. Cattle raised in the western United States refused to eat it.

   B. Those from the eastern parts would not grow well in the western United States.

   C. Those had to be imported into the United States.

   D. It was difficult for cattle to digest.

89. Which of the following was NOT mentioned as a characteristic of western grasses?

   A. They have tough stems.                  B. They are not affected by dry weather.

   C. They contain little moisture.             D. They can be grown indoors.

90. According to the passage, the cattle helped promote the growth of the wild grasses by ________.

   A. stepping on and pressing the seeds into the ground

   B. naturally fertilizing the soil

   C. continually moving from one grazing area to another

   D. eating only small quantities of grass

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