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For several billion years after the ”Big Bang ”, the earth was still just a cloud of dust. What it was to 1.was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe. The earth became so 2. that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.

3.eastward, you’ll pass mountains and thousands of lakes and forests, as well as wide rivers and large cities. Some people have the idea 4. you can cross Canada in less than five days, but they forget the fact that Canada is 5500 kilometers from coast to coast. Here in Vancouver, you’re in Canada’s warmest part. People say it is Canada’s most beautiful city, 5. by mountains and the Pacific Ocean. Its population is increasing rapidly. The coast6. of Vancouver has some of the oldest and most beautiful forests in the world.

However, this was not easy. When they first arrived in Gombe in 1960, it was unusual for a woman to live in the froest.7.after her mother came to help her for the first few months8.she allowed to begin her project. Her work changed the way people think about chimps. For example, one important thing she discovered was that chimps hunt and eat meat. Until then everyone9. thought chimps ate only fruit and nuts. She also discovered how chimps communicate with each other, and her study of their body language helped her10.their social system.

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The Hangzhou-Changsha section of the Shanghai-Kunming(Hu-Kun) high speed rail(高铁) officially started operation on Dec 10, 2014. The Changsha-Huaihua(Chang-Huai) section of the Hu-Kun high speed rail was also opened to traffic a week later.

“It is no longer a dream" for Changsha residents to "leave for a trip without hesitation", said Changsha Evening, as it is really convenient either to go eastward or westward from Changsha.

During the trial operation of the Chang-Huai section on Dec 9, the G6521 train left Changsha South Railway Station at 8:40 am, arrived at Xiangtan North Station at 8:54 am, Loudi South Station at 9:22 am, and Huaihua South Station at 10:28 am.

Before the opening of the high speed rail. Changsha had 13 regular trains to Huaihua, the fastest of which, the Z149, leaves Changsha at about 6:00 am and arrives at Huaihua at nearly 12:00 am, being more than four hours slower than the high speed train.

The total length of the high speed rail in Hunan province is now more than 1,000 km, covering 10 out of the total 14 prefecture level(地区级的) cities or autonomous districts-much higher than the national average level.

1.When was the Changsha-Huaihua section opened to traffic in 2014?

A. Dec 3. B. Dec 10.

C. Nov 17. D. Dec 17.

2.Which is the right direction of the Chang-Huai high speed rail according to the text?

A. From the east to the west. B. From the south to the north.

C. From the east to the south. D. From the south to the east.

3.How long does it take the Z149 train from Changsha to Huaihua?

A. 3 hours. B. 6 hours.

C. 9 hours. D. 12 hours.

4.Where can this text probably be found?

A. In t story book. B. In a science book.

C. In a newspaper. D. In a fashion magazine.

For most of my 20 years as a teacher, summer vacation was my time to relax. So why was I standing in the schoolyard of an unfamiliar school, wearing myself out for a summer teaching job? The extra paychecks were nice, but I lacked the energy of my younger colleagues. Like Stella. She was in her early twenties, and made keeping up with the kids look effortless. She reminded me of myself, back when I was a bright-eyed student teacher at Ramona Elementary…

I’d never forget my first day. I was too full of energy. Nervous energy. My supervising teacher was watching, and I wanted to make a good impression. I asked my third graders to take out their crayons for the day’s lesson. All of them obeyed. Except one. A girl with two long, dark braids(辫子). Everyone called her Estrellita, or “little star.” Why was she unprepared for class? I demanded to know.

“My sister has my crayons,” she said.

“You should each have your own crayons,” I told her. “That’s no excuse.”

“There are 10 children in my family,” Estrellita said quietly, her big brown eyes never leaving my face. “We have to take turns.”

I was taken aback. I’d completely misjudged the situation. All day Estrellita’s words played on my mind. The next morning I bought a pack of crayons to leave on Estrellita’s desk. She was so happy! That experience taught me an important lesson. Every student had a unique set of challenges—it was my mission to help my students overcome them. That mission used to energize(激励 )me.

Rest was almost over. Stella turned to me and we started chatting. “How long have you been teaching?” she asked. I told her I’d started twenty years before, at Ramona Elementary.

“I went to school there twenty years ago!” Stella said. I looked at her again, this time really seeing her. Those big brown eyes. That long, dark hair...

“Did you use to have two long braids?” I said. “We called you Estrellita… ”

Stella shouted. “ You ! You gave me the crayons!”

She’d become a teacher. To help students like I did. Even doing something that small mattered.

That summer, I threw myself into teaching with a renewed sense of purpose. Estrellita had taught me a lesson once again.

1.How did the author feel according to Paragraph 1?

A. She felt relaxed. B. She felt very tired.

C. She was still excited. D. She was proud of herself.

2.Why didn’t Estrellita take out her crayons?

A. She had to share them. B. She was being naughty.

C. She forgot to bring them. D. She lost them before the class.

3.Which can replace the underlined part “taken aback” in Paragraph 6?

A. fairly serious. B. quite pleased.

C. very surprised. D. extremely angry.

4.What did the author learn through Stella?

A. Never make excuses. B. Why her job mattered.

C. How to be a good teacher. D. To be a giver, not a receiver.

The Today I learned–The New York Times’ fun column always highlights some surprising and interesting facts. In that spirit,The New York Times lists some of the most eye-catching things out of the column and edits them into What I Learned This Year.Following are some facts out of What I Learned in 2016.

The world’s most-used natural resource (apart from water,listed at the second place and air,as the champion) is sand,which consists of extremely small pieces of stone-and it’s disappearing.

A team’s success (at work) is often driven by 3 factors (with the importance from high to low) —its culture,the interpersonal relationship and the IQ or talent of its individuals.

Giraffes have been keeping a secret from most of us for a long time: They’ really four different species,not one. The Greenland Shark lives at least 272 years and it could live as long as 512 years,which makes it the oldest living thing with a backbone(脊椎)on Earth.

More that 70 percent of Americans think Granola Bars (格拉诺拉燕麦棒)are healthy.Interesting,less than 30 percent of nutritionists(营养学家)agree.

Nearly 80 percent of teenagers say they don’t like to eat cereal porridge(燕麦粥)for breakfast,because they have to clean up the bowls after eating it.

It’s myth that closing unused apps on your smartphone will prolong battery life.And turning off Wi-Fi doesn’t help,either.

Annual percentage of highway death had been going down for the last four decades till it last year recorded the largest increase in 50 years.Blame Snapchat and other smarphone apps.

Death from gun-shooting is as enough as from car accidents in the United Stated and as scarce as from lightning strikes in Japan,which owns the reputation of one of the safest countries.

1.According to the passage,the world’s most-used natural resource is______.

A. water B. air C. sand D. stone

2.According to the passage,the most important factor of a team’s success is_____.

A. a team’s culture B. the interpersonal relationship C. individual IQ D. individual talent

3.Which of the following descriptions is TRUE according to the passage?

A. Most people still don’t know that giraffes have four species.

B. The Greenland Shark is the oldest living life on Earth.

C. Cereal porridge is as unhealthy as Granola Bars for teenagers.

D. Closing unused apps on smart phones will prolong battery life.

4.The underlined word “scarce” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to ____.

A. enough B. safe C. familiar D. rare

Have you been told you have penicillin allergy? Did your parents tell you that you had a reaction as an infant or child, so you should never take it again? Has it been so long since you had a reaction to penicillin that you don’t remember what happened? If you fit any of these descriptions or are just not sure if you have penicillin allergy, there’s good news for you: Chances are, you probably don’t have it.

Between 10 to 20 percent of Americans believe they have a penicillin allergy, but a recent study at Mayo Clinic found that only 10 percent of those people are truly penicillin allergic. In other words, 9 out of 10 people who think they have penicillin allergy are avoiding it for no reason. Even in people with documented allergy to penicillin, only about 20 percent are still allergic 10 years after their initial allergic reaction. It’s not necessarily a permanent condition.

Why is this important? Aren’t there many other antibiotics you can use if you have penicillin allergy? Penicillin has been around since 1928. Penicillin and its related medicines include amoxicillin, methicillin and amoxicillin-clavulnate. These medicines are highly effective treatments for many bacterial infections, such as strep throat and ear infections. Of course, there are alternative antibiotics, but these are often much more expensive and carry a higher risk of side effects. Typically, these alternative antibiotics are broad-spectrum, meaning they fight many types of bacteria, both good and bad. That can lead to development of drug-resistant bacteria, or deadly “superbugs”. This increases the risk for all of us in the future of not having an effective antibiotic to treat our infection.

How do you find out if you have penicillin allergy? Board-certified allergists can test you. First, the allergist will get a history from you about your possible allergy. Typical questions include: How long ago did you have the reaction? What type of reaction occurred, and how soon after you took the penicillin did the reaction appear? The testing is done on the forearm by pricking the skin with a needle. If the results are negative and there is no reaction, penicillin will be injected in the skin. These tests are not painful, and results are available in 15 minutes. A positive reaction may lead to some swelling and itching where the test was placed, which usually goes away within an hour.

In very rare cases, an allergic reaction occurs. This can include hives, swelling, wheezing and/or difficulty breathing. The allergist is trained to treat this rare condition quickly if it happens. If all skin testing is negative, you may be given an oral dose of penicillin in the office. The oral drug challenge is used to verify that you don’t have penicillin allergy. Usually, you’ll be observed in the office for 30 minutes to make sure you have no problems.

If you find out you don’t have a penicillin allergy, notify your physicians that it’s now safe for you to take penicillin. They can take “penicillin allergy” off your chart for good!

1.What can we know about penicillin allergy according to the passage?

A. Most people believe that they are penicillin allergic.

B. People with documented allergy will have it forever.

C. About 90 percent of people are truly penicillin allergic.

D. Many people with initial allergy can avoid it later.

2.Which is NOT the drawback of the alternative antibiotics?

A. They cost much more than penicillin.

B. They can treat many bacterial infections.

C. They can result in drug-resistant bacteria.

D. They also fight good bacteria when used.

3.If you have a positive reaction in skin tests, _______.

A. you can’t leave the office within an hour

B. your skin is supposed to swell and itch

C. it is not safe for you to take penicillin

D. you’ll be given an oral dose of penicillin

4.Which can replace the underlined word “verify”?

A. confirm B. attach

C. declare D. control

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