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Public bookshelves are appearing across Germany on street corners,city squares and in suburban supermarkets.In these free?for?all libraries,people can grab whatever they want to read,and leave behind anything they want for others.There’s no need to register,no due date,and you can take or give as many as you want.“This project is aimed at everyone who likes to read.It is open for everybody,” Michael Aubermann,one of the organizers of the free book exchange said.

The western city’s latest public shelf was put up next to Bayenturm.It is the fourth free shelf that Aubermann’s group,the Cologne Citizen’s Foundation,has placed outside.“We set up our other outdoor shelves last year and it’s been working really well,” said Aubermann.The public bookshelves,which are usually financed by donations and cared for by local volunteer groups,have appeared independently of each other in many cities,suburbs and villages.Each shelf holds around 200 books and it takes about six weeks for a complete turnover,with all the old titles replaced by new ones.

Even commercial book stores and online book sellers seem to support the idea of free book exchanges.“We see this project rather as a sales promotion than as competition,” said Elmar Muether.“If books are present everywhere,it helps our business,too.”

So far,the Cologne book group has had few problems with damage or other problems.Aubermann said,“Propaganda (宣传) is the only kind of literature we do not allow here.”

At another bookshelf in the Bayenthal neighborhood,the lower shelves are reserved for children’s literature only.“It is important that we make it easy for everyone to participate in this ‘reading culture on the street’—from old readers to kids to immigrants,” Aubermann said.

While most of the shelves have so far been put up in upscale_neighborhoods,Aubermann and the 20 volunteers who help look after the project are planning to put up future shelves in poor neighborhoods,where citizens often don’t have as much access to literature.

1.Which of the following is TRUE about the public bookshelves?

A.People can take the books and leave their books at will.

B.People can’t borrow books unless they donate books.

C.People can borrow whatever they like after registering.

D.People have to return the books according to the required time.

2.According to Aubermann,the public bookshelves________.

A.are financed by local volunteers

B.have been going well since their birth

C.were managed by the local government

D.will hold more books and take a shorter turnover

3.The underlined phrase “upscale neighborhoods” refers to________.

A.communities that have many people

B.communities that have many tall buildings

C.communities that are free to live in

D.communities that are of high grade

4.Which might be the best title for the passage?

A.Public Reading Becomes Popular Worldwide

B.New Trends of Bookshelves in Germany

C.Public Bookshelves Spread Across Germany

D.Reading Culture on the Street in Europe

Everyone needs friends. We all like to feel close to someone. It is nice to have a friend to talk, laugh, and do things with. Surely, there are times when we need to be alone. We don’t always want people around. But we will feel lonely if we never have a friend.

No two people are just the same. Sometimes friends don’t get along well. That doesn’t mean that they no longer like each other. Most of the time they will make up and go on being friends. Sometimes friends move away. Then we feel very sad. We miss them very much. But we call them and write to them. It could be that we would even see them again. And we can make new friends. It is surprising to find out how much we like new people when we get to know them.

Families sometimes name their children after a close friend. Many places are named after men or women who have been friendly to people in a town. Some libraries are named this way. So are some schools. We think of these people when we go to these places.

There’s more good news for people who have friends. They live longer than people who don’t. Why? It could be that they are happier. Being happy helps you stay well. If someone cares about you, you will feel good.

1.The first paragraph tells us ________.

A. what the feeling of having no friends is

B. we always need friends around us

C. making friends is a need in people’s life

D. we need to be alone in our life

2.Which of the following places people name after their friendly people is NOT mentioned (提到) in the passage?

A. A town. B. A room. C. A school. D. A library.

3.Why do people who have friends live longer?

A. They know more about friendship.

B. They feel happier and healthier.

C. They take less care of themselves.

D. They care more about their friends.

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