Question

Have you ever wondered about people’s names? Where do they come from? What do they mean?
Some people give their children names that mean good things. Clara means “bright”; Beatrice means “one who gives happiness”; Donald means “world ruler”; Leonard means “as brave as a lion”.
The earliest last names, or surnames, were taken from place names. A family with the name Brook or Brooks probably lived near brook(小溪)；Someone who was called Longstreet probably lived on a long, paved road. The Greenwood family lived in or near a leafy forest.
Other early surnames came from people’s occupations. The most common occupational name is Smith, which means a person who makes things with iron or other metals. In the past, smiths were very important workers in every town and village. Some other occupational names are: Carter — a person who owned or drove a cart; Potter —a person who made pots and pans.
The ancestors(祖先) of the Baker family probably baked bread for their neighbors in their native village. The Carpenter’s great-great-great-grandfather probably built houses and furniture.
Sometimes people were known for the color of their hair or skin, or their size, or their special abilities. When there were two men who were named John in the same village, the John with the gray hair probably became John Gray. Or the John was very tall could call himself John Tallman. John Fish was probably an excellent swimmer and John Lightfoot was probably a fast runner or a good dancer.
Some family names were made by adding something to the father’s name. English-speaking people added –s or –son. The Johnsons are descendants of John; the Roberts family’s ancestor was Robert. Irish and Scottish people added Mac or Mc or O. Perhaps all of the MacDonnells and the McDonnells and the O’Donnells are descendants of the same Donnell.
【小题1】Which of the following aspects do the surnames in the passage NOT cover?

A．Places where people lived.

B．People’s occupations.

C．Talents that people possessed.

D．People’s characters.

【小题2】According to the passage, the ancestors of the Potter family most probably _______.

A．owned or drove a cart

B．made things with metals

C．built houses and furniture

D．made kitchen tools or contains

【小题3】Suppose an English couple whose ancestors lived near a leafy forest wanted their new-born son to become a world leader, the baby might be named _______.

A．Donald Greenwood	B．Leonard Carter
C．George Longstreet	D．Beatrice Smith

【小题4】The underlined word “descendants” in the last paragraph means a person’s _______.

A．later sponsors	B．later generations
C．friends and relatives	D．colleagues and partners

Answer 1

【小题1】D
【小题2】D
【小题3】A
【小题4】B

解析试题分析：本文讲述了西方人名是根据什么来取名的。比如说，根据居住的地方来取名的，根据人们的职业，根据人们所拥有的哪方面的才能来取名。
【小题1】根据文中第四，五，六三段可知ABC选项内容均有提到，只有D选项“人物的性格”未提及。
【小题2】文中第六段potter-a person who made pots and pans,可知potter 意为一个制作茶壶和平底锅的人， pots and pans均是厨房用品，由此推断选D
【小题3】根据文中倒数第二段可知一些人取名是根据特征而来。比如灰色头发的人取名john Gray，高个的人取名john Tallman. 所以根据题意，居住在森林旁边的人取名为Donald Greenwood
【小题4】根据最后一段第一二行“some family names were made by adding something to the father’s name. The Johnsons are descendants of John可知descendants指的是后代
考点：文化知识类短文阅读。
点评：本文讲述了西方人名是根据什么来取名的。本文内容比较简单，集中考查细节较多，在阅读时注意关键的细节内容，做好标志，以提高阅读的效率。答题前一定要读懂全文，一定要注意体会重要线索，然后带着问题，再读全文，找出答题所需要的依据，完成阅读。