题目内容
【题目】Cuyahoga Valley National Park Volunteer Program
Building a Community of Park Stewards
Position Title: Wildlife Volunteer — Butterfly Monitors (2 positions)
Dates: Mid May to September, 2020
Hours: 8-16 hours/ week
Location: Cuyahoga Valley National Park
Duties: Park staff will train volunteers in butterfly identification and data recording for one week before volunteers work in team of two to help track butterfly monitoring areas. The three butterfly monitoring areas in the park are I to 2 miles in length and are walked one time per week. Butterflies are identified by using binoculars (望远镜) or by netting and releasing. Data is recorded on data sheets.
Skills required: Applicants must have self motivation and desire to work with others. Volunteers will work during days when temperature is 70 degrees or more, between 10:30 am and 5 pm. Ability to walk a long distance in hot and humid conditions is needed. Skills with basic butterfly identification are not a must but helpful.
Requirements: Applicants must be current Kent Stale University (KSU) students and a National Park Service Agreement must be completed. U. S citizenship is also required.
How to Apply: Please request an application from Mike Johnson at gkovach@ kent.edu and send it back to Mike Johnson at gkovach@ kent.edu, by February 15, 2020. If offered an interview, please come to Cuyahoga Valley National Park with your personal resume introducing your education and previous work experience.
For further information, please call Jamie Walters at (330) 657-2142 or email jwalters@ forcvng.org.
【1】What will a volunteer do in this program?
A.Analyze recorded data.
B.Help make a data record.
C.Walk 1 to 2 miles every day.
D.Work at least 16 hours per week.
【2】What is required for the job?
A.Team spirit.
B.A designed program.
C.Being a KSU graduate.
D.Skills of butterfly identification.
【3】What should one do to apply for the position?
A.To visit mike Johnson at the office.
B.To hand in a resume before February 15.
C.To call Jamie Walters at (330) 657-2142.
D.To send an application to gkovach@ kent. edu.
【答案】
【1】B
【2】A
【3】D
【解析】
本文是一篇应用文，文章主要介绍Cuyahoga Valley National Park招聘志愿者及对相关工作要求。
【1】细节理解题。根据Duties部分中的“Park staff will train volunteers in butterfly identification and data recording for one week before volunteers work in team of two to help track butterfly monitoring areas.”可知，志愿者的工作之一是帮助做数据记录，故选B。
【2】细节理解题。根据Skills Required部分中的“Applicants must have self motivation and desire to work with others.”，可知，作为志愿者要有团队合作精神，故选A。
【3】细节理解题。根据How to Apply部分中的“Please request an application from Mike Johnson at gkovach@kent.edu and send it back to mike Johnson at gkovach@kent.edu”可知，申请者需将申请表通过邮件的方式发至规定的网站gkovach@kent.edu，故选D。
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Today and every day we are the targets of salespeople, marketers, advertisers, fundraisers and politicians trying to persuade us to buy something, do something or think a certain way. Over the years, they’ve learned a lot about which features to build into a communication to increase its success. But, by concentrating on the message itself, they’ve missed a crucial component of the process. Research done in the last 15 years shows that the best persuasion is achieved through good presuasion: the practice of arranging for people to agree with a message before they know what’s in it.
Presuasion works by focusing people’s preliminary(开始的) attention on a selected concept—let’s say softness—which encourages them to overvalue related opportunities that immediately follow. In one study, visitors to an online sofa store were sent to a site that illustrated either soft clouds or small coins in the background of its landing page. Those who saw the soft clouds were more likely to prefer soft, comfortable sofas for purchase, whereas those who saw the small amounts of money preferred inexpensive models.
A following study showed the primitiveness of the presuasive mechanism. Subjects became three times more likely to help a researcher who “accidentally” dropped some items if, immediately before, they’d been exposed to images of figures standing together in a friendly pose. If this tripling of helpfulness doesn’t seem remarkable enough, consider that the subjects were 18 months old — hardly able to reason or review or reflect.
Long before scientists started studying the process, a few notable communicators had an intuitive understanding of it.
In February 2015, the financial investor Warren Buffett had a problem. It was 50 years since he had taken control of Berkshire Hathaway Inc., guiding it to amazing levels of value, along with his brilliant partner Charlie Munger. Many investors were worried that, because Buffett and Munger were getting older, these levels couldn’t be maintained in the future, perhaps making it time to sell Berkshire stock.
To respond to these concerns, Buffett wrote a letter to shareholders in which he described various reasons for confidence in Berkshire’s continuing profitability. But, before the description of strengths, he declared with characteristic sincerity that what he was about to state was ‘what I would say to my family today if they asked me about Berkshire’s future.” The result was a flood of favorable reaction to the letter as well as a per-share increase for the year of nearly five times that of the S&P.
With considerable success, practitioners of social influence have always placed persuasive prods(刺激)—small gifts, emotional draw, last-chance opportunities—inside their appeals. Perhaps because of that success, they’ve mostly missed an accompanying truth. For maximum impact, it’s not only what you do; it’s also what you do just before you do what you do.
Passage outline | Supporting details |
A 【1】 in communication | People often fail to realize that the secret to 【2】 people over doesn’t lie in the message itself, but in the key moment before it is delivered. |
Meaning of pre-suasion | It’s a practice where people are made to 【3】 to a message before it is conveyed. |
Studies about pre-suasion | ●When it comes to buying sofas, customers’ 【4】 is related to the background he saw before. ●Having received some 【5】 to friendly pictures, subjects are ore likely to do others a 【6】. |
A typical 【7】 | ●Despite Berkshire’s success, investors intended to sell the stock, 【8】 continuing profitability. ●In the letter 【9】 to the concerns, Buffett got what he would say to his family across to investors, for which he got all credit. |
Conclusion | Practitioners should keep in mind that pre-suasion can enhance the power of 【10】. |