题目内容

What disgusting habits rum your stomach when yon walk the streets of the capital? Beijing residents say spitting is what they hate most about living in the city．

    What comes after spitting are dog owners who fail to clear up their pets’excrement．Third on the list of bad practices is not properly disposing of rubbish．The result was released by the Beijing Social Psychology Institute after they recently conducted a survey of 770 randomly selected people

    The three phenomena that topped the list of uncivilized behavior remained almost the same when they are compared with the survey of one year ago．Nearly 63 percent of those surveyed this month said they often see people spitting in public．However, nearly 27 percent of the residents said that spitting has reduced over the past yean

    People are happy to see this result．However, spitting in public has become a habit for some  The researchers believe that punishment could help reduce some of bad behavior,

    The residents being surveyed said that publicity and punishment for spitting should be strengthened to make those with the bad habit change．But it still needs more effort from the whole of society and every resident in order to achieve the goal．They find that few people will spit in their own neighborhood 01"their workplace．Spitting at home goes without saying．But on streets and in other public places such as buses and railway stations．spitting is more common．

      People believe that home and their neighborhood are their own places．In workplaces，people care about what other people think of them as everybody else will know them．But in public places, due to a lack of supervision，some people believe the environment has nothing to do with them． Besides spitting，with the increase in dogs raised as pets in Beijing，many complaints have been received because some dog owners do not clear up their pets’excrement．

    More than half of the people surveyed said they often saw this happen．They always saw dog excrement on the pass by the sides of streets The dogs have no idea where they should relieve themselves，but why do their owners know nothing about what to d0 with what they leave behind? It is reported that there are more than 1 million pet dogs in Beijing．

    Other habits that really get on the nerves of the city residents are illegal adverts，out of control passengers on buses or the subways and lovers who show affection in public．

    However,44 percent of the people believe that the moral standards of Beijing people are still high despite the problems．Only 7 percent of the people said that the moral standards of Beijing people were low．

    Many people being surveyed believe that local people are more civilized than a year ago． Many local residents said although the moral standards of Beijing people are high compared with those of the people in other cities．there is still a gap between the capital city and some large foreign cities

56．In Line l the expression“turn your stomach, most probably mean      ．

      A．to make your stomach aching      B．to make you sick

      C．to make you hungry    D．to make you full

57．The uncivilized behavior came first on the list of bad habits were     ．

      A．nearly the same as the result of the survey one year ago

      B．quite different from the result of the survey one year ago

      C．almost contrary to the result of the survey one year ago

      D．just remaining exactly the same as the result of the survey one year ago

58．Which of the following is NOT the reason why spitting in public is common?

      A．People don’t care about other’s opinion as they don’t know each other

      B．They regard public places as their own home or neighborhood

      C．Some people think they have nothing to do with the environment．

      D．There is no supervision to control people

59．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?

      A．Gaps between Bering and Some Big Foreign Cities

      B．Bad Habit：Spitting

      C．Uncivilized getting Residents

      D．Bad Habits Disgust Beijing Residents

BABD

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There is one difference between the sexes on which every expert and study agrees: men are more aggressive than women. It shows up in 2-year-olds. It continues through school days and persists into adulthood. It is even constant across cultures. And there is little doubt that it is rooted in biology.

      If there's a woman’s trait(特点) which is the same as men’s aggressiveness, it's what social scientists refer to as the result of "education". Feminists have argued that the caring nature of women is not biological in origin, but rather has been forced into women by a society that wanted to keep them in the home. But the signs that it is at least partly inborn are too numerous to ignore. Just as tiny infant girls respond more readily to human faces, female toddlers(学步者) learn much faster than males how to pick up nonverbal cues（非言语暗示） from others. And grown women are far more skilful than men at interpreting facial expressions: A recent study by University of Pennsylvania brain researcher Ruben Gur showed that they easily read emotions such as anger, sadness and fear. The only such emotion men could pick up was disgust.

　 What difference do such differences make in the real world? Among other things, women appear to be somewhat less competitive--or at least competitive in different ways--than men. At the Harvard Law School, for instance, female students enter with qualities just as outstanding as those of their male peers. But they don' t qualify for the well-known Law Review in proper numbers, a fact some school officials owe to women' s discomfort in the incredibly competitive atmosphere.

　　Students of management styles have found fewer differences than they expected between men and women who reach leadership positions, perhaps because many successful women deliberately imitate men. But an analysis by Purdue social psychologist Alice Eagly of 166 studies of leadership style did find one difference: Men tend to be more “autocratic”-making decisions on their own--while women tend to consult colleagues more often.  Studies of behavior in small groups turn up even more differences. Men will typically dominate the discussion, says University of Toronto psychologist Kenneth Dion, spending more time talking and less time listening.

The passage mainly discusses__________.

　           A. how sex differences are demonstrated in social relations

　　      B. how hormone determines sex differences

　　      C. why there are differences between males and females

　　      D. why men and women have different social roles

Which of the following is true of women's nurturing nature according to the passage?

A. It is not inborn in any sense.

B. It is inspired by women’s families.

C. It is caused by social prejudice.

D. It is partly biological in origin.

The Harvard Law School example in paragraph 3 suggests that_________.

A. women are not as competitive as men

B. law is not the fight profession for women

C. women are as excellent as men when they are young

D. academic qualities are not equal to performance

Which of the following statement is true according to paragraph 4?

A. Men leaders should consult colleagues and subordinates more often.

B. Female leaders' success is due to their imitating male leaders.

C. Men and women are different in their leadership style.

D. Decisiveness is an important quality for a successful politician.

It can be inferred from the passage that the writer_________.

A. denies the difference sexes make in real life

B. is prejudiced against men

C. discourages women to be competitive

D. treats sex difference objectively


There is one difference between the sexes on which every expert and study agrees: men are more aggressive than women．It shows up in 2-year-olds．It continues through school days and persists into adulthood．It is even constant across cultures．And there is little doubt that it is rooted in biology．
If there's a woman’s trait（特点） which is the same as men’s aggressiveness, it's what social scientists refer to as the result of "education"．Feminists have argued that the caring nature of women is not biological in origin, but rather has been forced into women by a society that wanted to keep them in the home．But the signs that it is at least partly inborn are too numerous to ignore．Just as tiny infant girls respond more readily to human faces, female toddlers（学步者） learn much faster than males how to pick up nonverbal cues（非言语暗示） from others．And grown women are far more skilful than men at interpreting facial expressions: A recent study by University of Pennsylvania brain researcher Ruben Gur showed that they easily read emotions such as anger, sadness and fear．The only such emotion men could pick up was disgust．
What difference do such differences make in the real world? Among other things, women appear to be somewhat less competitive--or at least competitive in different ways--than men．At the Harvard Law School, for instance, female students enter with qualities just as outstanding as those of their male peers．But they don' t qualify for the well-known Law Review in proper numbers, a fact some school officials owe to women' s discomfort in the incredibly competitive atmosphere．
Students of management styles have found fewer differences than they expected between men and women who reach leadership positions, perhaps because many successful women deliberately imitate men．But an analysis by Purdue social psychologist Alice Eagly of 166 studies of leadership style did find one difference: Men tend to be more “autocratic”-making decisions on their own--while women tend to consult colleagues more often． Studies of behavior in small groups turn up even more differences．Men will typically dominate the discussion, says University of Toronto psychologist Kenneth Dion, spending more time talking and less time listening．
53．The passage mainly discusses__________．
A．how sex differences are demonstrated in social relations
B．how hormone determines sex differences
C．why there are differences between males and females
D．why men and women have different social roles
54．According to the writer, women’s caring nature is      .
A．not inborn in any sense   B．inspired by women’s families
C．caused by social prejudice       D．partly biological in origin
55．The Harvard Law School example in paragraph 3 suggests that_________．
A．women are not as competitive as men
B．law is not the fight profession for women
C．women are as excellent as men when they are young
D．academic qualities are not equal to performance
56．We can say from paragraph 4 that ___________.
A．men leaders should consult colleagues and subordinates more often．
B．female leaders' success is due to their imitating male leaders．
C．men and women are different in their leadership style．
D．decisiveness is an important quality for a successful politician．

There is one difference between the sexes on which every expert and study agrees: men are more aggressive than women. It shows up in 2-year-olds. It continues through school days and persists into adulthood. It is even constant across cultures. And there is little doubt that it is rooted in biology.
If there's a woman’s trait(特点) which is the same as men’s aggressiveness, it's what social scientists refer to as the result of "education". Feminists have argued that the caring nature of women is not biological in origin, but rather has been forced into women by a society that wanted to keep them in the home. But the signs that it is at least partly inborn are too numerous to ignore. Just as tiny infant girls respond more readily to human faces, female toddlers(学步者) learn much faster than males how to pick up nonverbal cues（非言语暗示） from others. And grown women are far more skilful than men at interpreting facial expressions: A recent study by University of Pennsylvania brain researcher Ruben Gur showed that they easily read emotions such as anger, sadness and fear. The only such emotion men could pick up was disgust.
　 What difference do such differences make in the real world? Among other things, women appear to be somewhat less competitive--or at least competitive in different ways--than men. At the Harvard Law School, for instance, female students enter with qualities just as outstanding as those of their male peers. But they don' t qualify for the well-known Law Review in proper numbers, a fact some school officials owe to women' s discomfort in the incredibly competitive atmosphere.
　　Students of management styles have found fewer differences than they expected between men and women who reach leadership positions, perhaps because many successful women deliberately imitate men. But an analysis by Purdue social psychologist Alice Eagly of 166 studies of leadership style did find one difference: Men tend to be more “autocratic”-making decisions on their own--while women tend to consult colleagues more often.  Studies of behavior in small groups turn up even more differences. Men will typically dominate the discussion, says University of Toronto psychologist Kenneth Dion, spending more time talking and less time listening.
【小题1】The passage mainly discusses__________.
　          

A．how sex differences are demonstrated in social relations
　　		B．how hormone determines sex differences
　　		C．why there are differences between males and females
　　		D．why men and women have different social roles
【小题2】Which of the following is true of women's nurturing nature according to the passage?
A．It is not inborn in any sense.
B．It is inspired by women’s families.
C．It is caused by social prejudice.
D．It is partly biological in origin.
【小题3】The Harvard Law School example in paragraph 3 suggests that_________.
A．women are not as competitive as men
B．law is not the fight profession for women
C．women are as excellent as men when they are young
D．academic qualities are not equal to performance
【小题4】Which of the following statement is true according to paragraph 4?
A．Men leaders should consult colleagues and subordinates more often.
B．Female leaders' success is due to their imitating male leaders.
C．Men and women are different in their leadership style.
D．Decisiveness is an important quality for a successful politician.
【小题5】It can be inferred from the passage that the writer_________.
A．denies the difference sexes make in real life
B．is prejudiced against men
C．discourages women to be competitive
D．treats sex difference objectively

    It is true that a smile means the same thing in any language. So does laughter or crying. There are also a number of clear similarities in the way different animals show the same feeling. Dogs, tigers and humans, for example, often show their teeth when they are angry. This is probably because such behavior patterns are inherited (遗传) rather than learned.

　　Fear is another emotion that is shown in much the same way all over the world. In Chinese and in English literature, a phrase like “he went pale and begin to tremble (颤抖)”suggests that the man is either very afraid or he has just got a very big shock. However, “he opened his eyes wide” is used to suggest anger in Chinese whereas in English it means surprise. In Chinese surprise can be described in a phrase like “they stretched out（伸出）their tongues”! Sticking out your tongue in English is an insulting（侮辱）or expresses disgust.

　　Even in the same culture, people differ in ability to understand and express feelings. Experiments in America have shown that women are usually better than men at recognizing fear, anger, love and happiness on people’s faces. Disgust, contempt (蔑视) and suffering seem to be the most difficult emotions for people everywhere either to recognize or to express. Other studies show that older people usually find it easier to recognize or understand body language than younger people do. And psychologists (心理学家) such as E.G. Beier have also shown that some people often give the completely impression of how they feel. For example, they try to show love but in fact communicate dislike. Or when they want to show interest, they give the impression that they don’t care. This can happen even among close friends and members of the same family. In other words, what we think we are communicating through language, voice, face and body movements may be the exact opposite of what for people understand.

71．According to the passage, even in different cultures the most easily recognized emotion is    .

         A．anger          B．dislike         C．happiness  D．surprise

72．Experiments show that easier understanding of words and gestures has something to do with your           .

         A．age and sex                 B．love and cultural differences

         C．impressions about the speaker         D．emotional state

73．When we communicate with people,        .

         A．we know exactly what they mean while they express their emotions

         B．we sometimes misunderstand each other

         C．we usually mislead them by expressing the opposite of our feeling

         D．it seems much mere difficult to understand body language than language

74．Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?

         A．When we communicate our real emotions, we many cause misunderstanding to others.

         B．Different people in different cultures may have different ways to understand one gesture.

         C．Some people are likely to hide their real feelings and express them in the opposite way.

         D．What we say does always mean the same thing as the gestures we make.

75．The underlined word “disgust” in Paragraph 2 probably means “     ” in this passage.

         A．strong dislike     B．friendliness        C．love    D．sickness

 

Anger is good for you, as long as you control it, according to new psychology research. A new study from Carnegie Mellon University shows anger may help people reduce the negative impacts of stress and help you become healthier.

“Here getting emotional is not bad for you if you look at the case of anger,” said Jennifer Lerner of Carnegie Mellon. “The more people display anger, the lower their stress responses.”

Lerner studied 92 UCLA students by asking them to count back from 6,200. They must say out loud every thirteenth number. Researchers disturbed them by asking them to count faster or ask them other questions. If they made any mistakes, they had to restart from the very beginning. Many students felt depressed about making so many mistakes or got angry.

Lerner used a hidden video camera and recorded all their facial expressions during the test. The researchers describe their reactions as fear, anger and disgust.

Other researchers recorded the students’ blood pressure, pulse and production of a high-stress hormone（荷尔蒙）called cortisol. People whose faces showed more fear during the experiment had higher blood pressure and higher levels of the hormone. Both can have lasting effects such as diabetes（糖尿病）, heart disease, depression and extra weight gain.

When people feel fear, negative impacts increase, but when they get angry, those negatives go down, according to the study.

“Having that sense of anger leads people to actually feel some power in what otherwise is a maddening（令人发狂的）situation,” Lerner said.

Lerner previously studied Americans’ emotional response to the 9/11 terrorist attacks two months after the incident. She found people who reacted with anger were more optimistic. These people are healthier compared with those who were frightened during the event. So in maddening situations, anger is not a bad thing to have. It’s a healthier response than fear.

1.What is the story mainly about?

A．The findings of new psychology research.

B．What you can do with anger in certain cases.

C．Different effects produced by anger and fear.

D．Healthier responses in maddening situations.

2.Which statement will Jennifer Lerner agree with?

A．It’s better to be angry than to be frightened.

B．Different reactions reflect different outlooks on life.

C．Don’t control your anger and it makes you powerful.

D．Pessimistic people are generally healthier than optimistic people.

3. What does the underlined word “both” refer to according to the passage?

A．Fear and anger.

B．Blood pressure and pulse.

C．Blood pressure and cortiso1.

D．Higher blood pressure and higher levels of the hormone.

4.In what ways can anger be beneficial to people?

A．By showing their optimistic side.

B．By reducing their stress.

C．By reducing high blood pressure.

D．By taking the place of fear.

5.The researchers irritated（激怒）the students by __________.

A．recording their performance secretly

B．asking them to count to 6, 200 again and again

C．disturbing them and making them start all over again

D．criticizing them when they made mistakes

 

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