题目内容

There is one difference between the sexes on which every expert and study agrees: men are more aggressive than women. It shows up in 2-year-olds. It continues through school days and persists into adulthood. It is even constant across cultures. And there is little doubt that it is rooted in biology.
If there's a woman’s trait(特点) which is the same as men’s aggressiveness, it's what social scientists refer to as the result of "education". Feminists have argued that the caring nature of women is not biological in origin, but rather has been forced into women by a society that wanted to keep them in the home. But the signs that it is at least partly inborn are too numerous to ignore. Just as tiny infant girls respond more readily to human faces, female toddlers(学步者) learn much faster than males how to pick up nonverbal cues(非言语暗示) from others. And grown women are far more skilful than men at interpreting facial expressions: A recent study by University of Pennsylvania brain researcher Ruben Gur showed that they easily read emotions such as anger, sadness and fear. The only such emotion men could pick up was disgust.
  What difference do such differences make in the real world? Among other things, women appear to be somewhat less competitive--or at least competitive in different ways--than men. At the Harvard Law School, for instance, female students enter with qualities just as outstanding as those of their male peers. But they don' t qualify for the well-known Law Review in proper numbers, a fact some school officials owe to women' s discomfort in the incredibly competitive atmosphere.
  Students of management styles have found fewer differences than they expected between men and women who reach leadership positions, perhaps because many successful women deliberately imitate men. But an analysis by Purdue social psychologist Alice Eagly of 166 studies of leadership style did find one difference: Men tend to be more “autocratic”-making decisions on their own--while women tend to consult colleagues more often.  Studies of behavior in small groups turn up even more differences. Men will typically dominate the discussion, says University of Toronto psychologist Kenneth Dion, spending more time talking and less time listening.
【小题1】The passage mainly discusses__________.
           

A.how sex differences are demonstrated in social relations
  
B.how hormone determines sex differences
  
C.why there are differences between males and females
  
D.why men and women have different social roles
【小题2】Which of the following is true of women's nurturing nature according to the passage?
A.It is not inborn in any sense.
B.It is inspired by women’s families.
C.It is caused by social prejudice.
D.It is partly biological in origin.
【小题3】The Harvard Law School example in paragraph 3 suggests that_________.
A.women are not as competitive as men
B.law is not the fight profession for women
C.women are as excellent as men when they are young
D.academic qualities are not equal to performance
【小题4】Which of the following statement is true according to paragraph 4?
A.Men leaders should consult colleagues and subordinates more often.
B.Female leaders' success is due to their imitating male leaders.
C.Men and women are different in their leadership style.
D.Decisiveness is an important quality for a successful politician.
【小题5】It can be inferred from the passage that the writer_________.
A.denies the difference sexes make in real life
B.is prejudiced against men
C.discourages women to be competitive
D.treats sex difference objectively


【小题1】A
【小题2】D
【小题3】A
【小题4】C
【小题5】D

解析【小题1】主旨题.本文在前两段论述了男女性别的差异,在第三段第一句提出问题“这种差异在现实中有什么意义”,紧接着后面开始阐述这种差别所导致的男女在竞争及工作中的不同表现. 故选A。
【小题2】细节题. 由第二段第三句“But the signs that it is at least partly inborn are too numerous to ignore.”可知,女性的这个特征有先天方面的原因. 故选D。
【小题3】主旨题.该段的主旨句是第二句“…women appear to be somewhat less competitive…”, 该句提出了“女性在竞争力方面不如男性”的观点,后文所举例证即是为了证明这一观点.故选A。
【小题4】判断题. 由文章第四段最后一句“Men tend to more…mote often.”可知,男性比较专断而女性则喜欢和同事商量再做决定. 从而看出男女在管理方式上的差异. 故选C。
【小题5】推理题.作者在说男女之间差异时并无偏袒任何一方,而是通过研究结果来分析说明男女的差异,因此是客观的表达,故选D。

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C.O.P.D(慢性障碍性肺病) blocks air flow through the lungs. It makes breathing difficult. The leading cause of C.O.P.D. is cigarette smoking. Experts at the National Institutes of Health in the United States say there is no cure to the damage to the lungs.

Dawn Demeo is an assistant professor at Harvard Medical School in Boston, Massachusetts. She said, “By 2020, C.O.P.D. may be the third leading cause of death across the world.”

C.O.P.D. is a new name for emphysema(肺气肿) and chronic bronchitis(慢性支气管炎). These are the two most common forms of the disease. Many people with C.O.P.D. have both of them. And Doctor Demeo says more women than men now die from the disease.

She is the lead author of a study by a team from Harvard’s Brigham and Women’s Hospital and the University of Bergen in Norway. The new study adds to findings that women may be more at risk than men from the damaging effects of smoking.

The team examined results from a Norwegian study of 954 people with C.O.P.D. Inga-Cecilie Soerheim co-wrote the team’s findings. Doctor Soerheim says they show that women suffered the same level of C.O.P.D.as men. But the female smokers were younger and had smoked a lot less.

The team also looked at two groups among the people in the study. These were people under the age of 60 and those who had smoked for less than 20 years. In both cases, women had more serious C.O.P.D. and a greater loss of lung function (功能)than men.

1.Which of the following statements about C.O.P.D is NOT true ______.

A. Cigarette smoking is likely to cause C.O.P.D.

B. C.O.P.D. makes it hard for a person to breathe

C. C.O.P.D will be one of the most life-threatening diseases.

D. Many people with C.O.P.D. have either emphysema or chronic bronchitis.

2.It can be known from the study that_____.

A. female smokers die faster than male ones.  

B. women are more likely to suffer from the damaging effects of smoking than men.

C. women who suffer the same level of C.O.P.D as men were older and weaker.

D. in the group of people under the age of 60, men suffered more from C.O.P.D than women.

3.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?

A .Smoking Kills

B. Smoking Triggers Diseases

C. The Leading Causes of C.O.P.D.

D. Women Suffers More from C.O.P.D. than Men  

4.In which part of a newspaper would you most probably read this passage?

A. Science      B. Health report      C .Education      D. Business report

 

Last night was the last game for my eight-year-old son's soccer team. It was the final quarter. The score was two to one, my son's team in the lead. Parents surrounded the playground, offering encouragement.

With less than ten seconds remaining, the ball suddenly rolled in front of my son's teammate, Mickey O’ Donnel. With shouts of "Kick it!" echoing(回响)across the playground, Mickey turned around and gave it everything he had. All around me the crowd erupted(爆发). O'Donnel had scored!

Then there was silence. Mickey had scored all right, but in the wrong goal, ending the game in a tie. For a moment there was a total hush. You see, Mickey has Down syndrome (唐氏综合症) and for him there is no such thing as a wrong goal. All goals were celebrated by a joyous hug from Mickey. He had even been known to hug the opposing players when they scored.

The silence was finally broken when Mickey, his face filled with joy, hugged my son tightly and shouted, "I scored! I scored. Everybody won! Everybody won!" For a moment I held my breath, not sure how my son would react. I need not have worried. I watched, through tears, as my son threw up his hand in the classic high-five(致礼)salute and started chanting, "Way to go Mickey! Way to go Mickey!" Within moments both teams surrounded Mickey, joining in the chant and congratulating him on his goal. Mike happily and everyone sent their wishes to him.

Later that night, when my daughter asked who had won, I smiled as I replied, "It was a tie. Everybody won."

1.Which is the most correct description of the author’s too? He was/had       .

A.brave            B.honest            C.sympathy          D.pride

2.The underlined word “hush” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to “         .”

A.stare             B.silence            C.congratulation      D.noise

3.After Mike scored, the author help his breath, because     .

A.Mike cheated everyone                  B.everyone would accept the fact

C.the score was out of his expectation         D.his son might get angry with Mike

4.We can infer from the passage that Mike        .

A.was cared about by his teammates

B.was hared by his own team

C.was corbarrassed when he realized the fast

D.was warm-hearted and played soccer for both teams

 

It used to be that Christmas, with a little help from Blue Peter, was about adding the personal touch. We'd sit there for hours making cards and gifts for family and friends, knowing that the thought put into them would be properly appreciated.

Nowadays, time is against us, but there is still one easy way for you to make someone's Christmas this year — a personalised card from M&S’ new website. To celebrate their new site, M&S is offering Times readers two-for-one on all cards. Simply choose one of the 300 exclusive(独家的)Christmas designs — starting from£1. 99, personalise it by changing the name and writing a message or uploading a photo. Then, add the receiver’s address and the card will be sent for you. Order by 2pm and it will be posted the same day.

In all, there are l,500 card designs to choose from, covering all kinds of special occasions. So if you want to get ahead of yourself for 2010, you know where to visit. You can even choose to be reminded of those important dates every year.

To claim your two-for-one on M&S personalized cards, simply visit marksandspencer-personalised.com. Remember to enter the code ‘TIMESFRI’ on the payment page.  This code is available for two days.  

TERMS AND CONDITIONS:M&S PERSONALISED CARDS

1. The product given for free must be of equal or lower value.

2. Payment of postage is required.

3. Marks & Spencer reserves the right to take back this offer without prior(预先)notice.

64. What does the underlined part “two-for-one”(in Paragraph 3)mean in the ad?

A. Two paid cards and one free card.

B. One paid card and two free cards.

C. Your name and a message on one card.

D. Your photo and the receiver’s on one card.

65. From the ad we can know that M&S is most probably           .

A. a website selling Christmas cards only

B. an agency of the newspaper Times

C. a company promoting the sales of cards

D. an advertising agency of card producers

66. To order the product for your friends now, you should           .

A. enter a code on the payment page of M&S’ website

B. always order it before two o’clock in the afternoon

C. put into the card your own date of birth and address

D. spend time making cards with the help of Blue Peter

67. According to the ad, if you order the Christmas cards,          .

A. they can be delivered free of charge

B. you can enjoy the special offer all the year round

C. their value may be lower than that of a free card

D. you can get a favor of at least £1. 99

 

 

The effects of rapid travel on the body are actually far more disturbing than we realize. Jet Lag is not a psychological consequence of having to readjust to a different time zone. It is due to changes in the body’s physiological regulatory mechanisms, specifically the hormonal systems, in a different environment.

     Now that we understand what Jet Lag is, we can go some way to overcome it. A great number of the body’s events are scheduled to occur at a certain time of day. Naturally these have to be regulated, and there are two regulatory systems which interact.

    One timing system comes from the evidence of our senses and stomachs, and the periodicity we experience when living in a particular time zone. The other belongs in our internal clocks (the major one of which may be physically located in a part of the brain called the suprachiasmatic nucleus) which, left alone, would tie the body to a 25-hour rhythm. Normally the two timers are in step, and the surroundings tend to regularize the internal clocks to the more convenient 24-hour period.

     If, however, you move the whole body to a time zone which is four hours different, the two clocks will be out of step, like two alarm clocks which are normally set together, but which have been reset a few hours apart. Whereas the two clocks would normally sound their alarms together, now they ring at different times. Similarly, the body can be set for evening while the sun is rising.

     In time the physiological system will reset itself, but it does take time. One easily monitored rhythm is palm sweating. A man flown to a time zone different by 10 hours will take eight days to readjust his palm sweat. Blood pressure, which is also rhythmical, takes four days to readjust.

What can we do about it? It is not feasible to wait four days until the body is used to the new time zone. Fortunately there is a short cut. It relies on two things-the power of the stomach to regulate the timing of other events, and the pharmacological actions of coffee. The basic assumptions are:

Coffee delays the body clock in the morning, and advances it at night. Coffee at mid-afternoon is neutral. Protein in meals stimulates wakefulness, while carbohydrates promote sleep. Putting food into an empty stomach helps synchronize the body clock.

46. What is jet lag associated with?

  A. Psychological change.            B. Physiological change.

  C. Inexperience of rapid travel.       D. Unfamiliar environment.

47. What helps us to adjust to a 24-hour rhythm?

  A. Alarm clock.                   B. Suprachiasmatic nucleus in our brain.

  C. Signals from outside of the body.   D. Our senses and stomachs.

48. What do we know from the fifth paragraph?

  A. A person moving to a different time zone will suffer from high blood pressure.

  B. A person moving to a different time zone will sweat a lot.

  C. Moving to a different time zone will affect both palm sweat and blood pressure.

  D. If the rhythm of blood pressure and palm sweat are not in step, there will be jet lag.

49. What should we do if we want to stay awake?

  A. To take coffee at three o’clock in the afternoon.

  B. To have meals that contain lots of protein.

  C. To have some carbohydrate drinks.

  D. To stop putting food into our stomach.

50. How can we cure jet lag?

   A. To sleep for days.      B. To wait for self-recovery.

   C. To drink tea.           D. To get something to eat.

 

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