题目内容
Individuals should pay for their higher education．A university education is of huge and direct benefit to the individual．
Graduates earn more than non-graduates．Meanwhile, social mobility is ever more dependent on having a degree．However, only some people have it．So the individual, not the taxpayers, should pay for it．There are pressing calls on the resources of the government．Using taxpayers’ money to help a small number of people to earn high incomes in the future is not one of them．
Full government funding is not very good for universities．Adam Smith worked in a Scottish university whose teachers lived off student fees．He knew and looked down upon 18th century Oxford, where the academics lived comfortably off the income received from the government．Guaranteed salaries, Smith argued, were the enemy of hard work; and when the academics were lazy and incompetent, the students were similarly lazy．
If students have to pay for their education, they not only work harder, but also demand more from their teachers．And their teachers have to keep them satisfied．If that means taking teaching seriously, and giving less time to their own research interests, that is surely something to celebrate．
Many people believe that higher education should be free because it is good for the economy．Many graduates clearly do contribute to national wealth, but so do all the businesses that invest and create jobs．If you believe that the government should pay for higher education because graduates are economically productive, you should also believe that the government should pay part of business costs．Anyone promising to create jobs should receive a gift of capital from the government to invest．
Therefore, it is the individual, not the government, who should pay for their university education．
1．The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 2 refers to ．
A．taxpayers B．pressing calls
C．college graduates D．government resources
2．The author thinks that with full government funding ．
A．teachers are less satisfied
B．students are more demanding
C．students will become more competent
D．teachers will spend less time on teaching
3．The author mentions businesses in Paragraph 5 in order to ．
A．argue against free university education
B．call on them to finance students’ studies
C．encourage graduates to go into business
D．show their contribution to higher education
BDA
名校课堂系列答案第II卷 非选择题 (共35分)
第四部分·写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节 任务型读写（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）
阅读下列短文，根据所读内容在文章后的表格中填入最恰当的单词。
注意：表格中的每个空格只填1个单词。
In a research, it was found that only four out of every five employees were happy at work. Surprisingly, it wasn’t the salary or the love for the work that made people happy. In stead friendly, supportive colleagues and a good manager have been found to be the primary causes of happiness at work. So how do you keep your spirits up and develop a sense of joy on the job? Here is some advice.
Happiness is a state of mind, and though not many people realize it, staying happy at work is totally based on a positive attitude towards your job. Concentrating(集中注意力) on the bright side of the work rather than keeping talking about what makes you unhappy is the basic key to happiness.
Challenge yourself and take charge of your own growth professionally. Boredom is one of the primary reasons that cause people to change jobs. To avoid feeling bored, you can find new challenges and it’s a great feeling to take control over what you do and see a task through.
Complete our tasks, however disagreeable or tough they might be. This gives you an individual(单个的，特别的) sense of achievement and encourages you to work towards your goals in future. Also keep learning and gaining new insights while at work.
Sitting and staring at your screen all day long isn’t going to help you. Instead take breaks and go outside for some time. They don’t necessarily have to be long breaks but staying out for a few minutes to feel the gentle wind can keep you happy. Eat your lunch out side or walk for a few minutes during that hour, which helps you stay happy at work.
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Title |
How to be Happy at Work |
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Factors that make people happy at work |
·Friendship and (76) from colleagues. ·A good manager. |
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Some (77) |
Have a (78) attitude |
·Concentrate on the bright side of the work. ·Avoid talking about what brings you (79) . |
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Challenge yourself |
·Find new challenges to avoid feeling(80) . ·(81) what you do and complete it. |
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(82) your tasks |
·Do your best to finish your tasks. ·Keep learning and gaining new(83) _____ at work. |
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Have a (84) and go outside |
·Stay out for a few minutes to feel the gentle wind. ·Eat outside or walk for a few minutes at your(85)___ time. |
Cultural rules determine every aspect of food consumption. Who eats together defines social units. For example, in some societies, the nuclear family is the unit that regularly eats together. The anthropologist Mary Douglas has pointed out that, for the English, the kind of meal and the kind of food that is served relate to the kinds of social links between people who are eating together. She distinguishes between regular meals, Sunday meals when relatives may come, and cocktail parties for relatives and friends. The food served symbolizes the occasion and reflects who is present. For example, only snacks are served at a cocktail party. It would be inappropriate to serve a steak or hamburgers. The distinctions among cocktails, regular meals, and special dinners mark the social boundaries between those guests who are invited for drinks, those who are invited to dinner, and those who come to a family meal. In this example, the type of food symbolizes the category of guest and with whom it is eaten.
In some New Guinea societies, the nuclear family is not the unit that eats together. The men take their meals in a men's house, separately from their wives and children. Women prepare and eat their food in their own houses and take the husband's portion to the men's house. The women eat with their children in their own houses. This pattern is also widespread among Near Eastern societies.
Eating is a metaphor that is sometimes used to signify marriage. In many New Guinea societies, like that of the Lese on the island of New Ireland in the Pacific and that of the Trobriand Islanders, marriage is symbolized by the couple's eating together for the first time. Eating symbolizes their new status as a married couple. In U.S. society, it is just the reverse. A couple may go out to dinner on a first date.
Other cultural rules have to do with taboos against eating certain things. In some societies, members of a family group, arc not allowed to eat the animal or bird that is their ancestor. Since they believe themselves to be children of that ancestor, it would be like eating that ancestor or eating themselves.
There is also an association between food prohibitions and rank, which is found in its most extreme form in the caste (social class) system of India. A caste system consists of ranked groups, each with a different economic specialization. In India, there is an association between caste and the idea of pollution. Members of highly ranked groups can be polluted by coming into contact with the bodily secretions, particularly saliva（唾液）,of individuals of lower-ranked castes. Because of the fear of pollution, Brahmans and other high-ranked individuals will not share food with, not eat from the same plate as, not even accept food from an individual or from a low-ranking class.
1.According to the passage, who will NOT eat together?
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A．The English during regular meals. |
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B．Americans on their first date. |
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C．Men and women in Near Eastern societies. |
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D．Newly-married people on the island of New Ireland. |
2.In Paragraph 4, the underlined word "taboos" means _____________.
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A．favors |
B．prohibitions |
C．hatred |
D．gossips |
3. According to the passage, eating together indicates all the following EXCEPT .
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A．the type of food |
B．social relations. |
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C．marital status |
D．family ties. |
4.What is the main idea of the passage?
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A．Different kinds of food in western countries. |
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B． Relations between food and social units. |
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C． Symbolic meanings of different kinds of food. |
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D．Food consumption in different cultures. |
“Few things help an individual more than to place responsibility upon him，and let him know that you trust him.” These words are from the black American educator，Booker Washington. He was saying that，“If you want people to grow up，you have to stop treating them like children.”
In America，families are close but children are encouraged to be independent，to make their own decisions，even at a very early age. It’s not unusual for a child of seven to be given an allowance(津贴)every week. The child is encouraged to save some of the money but he or she can spend it on whatever they choose，for example，buying clothes，school supplies or CDs. Some teenagers even have their own credit cards! That’s a big responsibility since even adults are tempted to overspend when they have credit cards.
From an early age，American children are asked for their opinions and they are included in family decision making. At the dinner table，teenagers will be listened to on any topic，from politics to buying a new family car or where the family will go on vacation. In this way, teenagers are getting practice in becoming individuals：they are learning how to stand on their own two feet.
Many Chinese young people are becoming almost as interested as American teens in searching for independence. They want to express those qualities that make them unique human beings. You can see this in the way they dress, the music they listen to and the friends they choose. “Super Girl” Li Yuchun caught the imagination of Chinese teenagers on the “Super Girl” television contest. She was not the traditional “nice，young Chinese girl”. With her short，spiky hair and boy-like clothes, she was telling everyone that she was different. She had the courage to be her own person and to stand on her own two feet...and she won!
There is an old saying，“Everyone should carefully observe which way his heart draws him and then choose that way with all his strength.” If you do this, step by step, over a period of time, you may find that you have become the person you always wanted to be.
1.The passage is intended to encourage the youth to________.
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A．save money for useful things |
B．become independent |
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C．express their great ambitions |
D．make important decisions |
2.A child of seven is given an allowance so that he can______.
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A．be accepted as a popular guy |
B．learn to decide how to use money |
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C．overspend money without care |
D．have school supplies of his own |
3. The author implies that many Chinese children________.
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A．are more independent than Americans |
B．should become interested in America |
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C．are happy with their present situation |
D．are not satisfied to be nice, quiet ones |
4.The main idea of the last paragraph is________.
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A．that we should do things step by step |
B．why we should understand our desires |
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C．what we should plan for our own life |
D．how we can manage to realize our dreams |