题目内容
Unusual incidents are being reported across the Arcitc. Inuit(因纽特人)families going off on snowmobiles to prepare their summer hunting camps have found themselves cut off from home by a sea of mud .There are also reports of sea ice breaking up earlier than usual, carrying seals beyond the reach of hunters. Climate change may still be a rather abstract idea to most of us ,but in the Arctic it is already having great effects –if summertime ice continues to shrink at its present rate ,the Arctic Ocean could soon become almost ice-free in summer .The knock –on effects are likely to include more warming, cloudier skies ,and higher sea levels .Scientists are increasingly eager to find out what’s going on in the Arctic.
For the Inuit the probkm is mgent. They live in unsteady baiance with one of the toughest environments on earth. Climate change, whatever its causes, is a direct danger to their way of life. Nobody knows the Arctic as well as the locals, which is why they are not content simply to stand back and let outsider experts tell them what’s happening. In Canada, where the Inuit people are trying hard to guard their hard-won autonomy in the country’s newest land, Nunavut, they believe their best hope of survival in this changing environment lies in combining their ancestral knowledge with the best of modern science. This is challenge in itself.
The Canadian Arctic is a vast , treeless polar desert that’s covered with snow for most of the year. Adventure into this area and you get some idea of the hardships facing anyone who calls this home. Farming is out of the question and nature offers few pickings. Humans first settled in the Arctic a mere 4,500 years ago, surviving by taking advantage of sea fist. The environment tested them to the limits: sometimes the settlers were successful, sometimes they failed and disappeared. But around a thousand years ago, one group appeared that was uniquely well adapted to deal with the Arctic environment. These Thule people moved in from Alaska, bringing dogs, iron tools and the like. They are the ancestors of today’s Inuit people.
67．Which of the following is not likely to be the effect of climate change?
A．Shorter and shorter summertime.
B．Ice-free summer around th e Arctic.
C．Higher sea levels.
D．More dloudy skies.
68．The Inuit people believe the solution to the climate change problem is .
A．to change their way of life
B．to use their ancestral knowledge
C．to make the best of modem science
D．to use their ancestral knowledge and modern science
69．It can be c oncluded from the last paragraph that .
A．the first settlers in the Arctic survived by taking advantage of sea fish
B．it’s hard to farm in the Arctic due to the climate change
C．the ancestors of Inuit people stood out among the settlers
D．the Thule people from Alaska invented iron tools
70．Which of the following is the best title of this passage?
A．Climate change and the Inuit
B．Climate change around the Arctic
C．Global warming around the world
D．The Inuit and their ancestors around the world
A D C A
Not everyone in the world requires the same amount of living space. The amount of space a person needs around him is a cultural (文化的) difference, not an economic one. Knowing your own psychological (心理的) space needs is important because they strongly affect your choices, including, for example, the number of bedrooms in the home. If you were brought up in a two-child family and both you and your sister or brother had your own bedrooms, the chances are if you have two children or more, that you also will offer separate bedrooms for them. In America, for example, they train people to want to have their own rooms by giving them their own rooms when they are babies. This is very unusual in the world. In many other countries, the baby sleeps in the same bed with his parents or in bed near them.
The space in the home also shows a lot about psychological space needs. Some families gather closer to each other and the size of their house has nothing to do with it. Others have separate little corners where family members go to be alone.
Although it is true that psychological space needs are not decided by economic reasons, they sometimes have to be changed a little because of economic pressure（压力）. It is almost impossible, however, to completely change your psychological space needs.
【小题1】The first sentence in Paragraph 1 “Not everyone in the world requires the same amount of space” means “______”.
| A．Not two people need exactly the same amount of living space |
| B．Living space requirements are not always the same |
| C．The world requires the same amount of living space |
| D．Nobody needs a required amount of living space |
| A．they have limited living space |
| B．they are brought up in a large family |
| C．it satisfies（满足） their psychological space needs |
| D．the children in the family sleep in the same bed with their parents |
| A．Americans are trained to live in the large rooms at birth. |
| B．Economic situation decides one’s amount of space needs. |
| C．People in different countries demand(need) different psychological space. |
| D．Knowing your psychological space needs is important, as it has effect on your future. |
| A．American Way of Living |
| B．Psychological Space |
| C．Space Needs in Different Countries |
| D．Psychological Space and Economic Pressure |
One of the greatest contributors to the first Oxford English Dictionary was also one of its most unusual. In 1879, Oxford University in England asked Prof. James Murray to serve as editor for what was to be the most ambitious dictionary in the history of the English language. It would include every English word possible and would give not only the definition but also the history of the word and quotations(引文) showing how it was used.
This was a huge task, so Murray had to find volunteers from Britain, the United States, and the British colonies to search every newspaper, magazine, and book ever written in English. Hundreds of volunteers responded, including William Chester Minor. Dr. Minor was an American surgeon who had served in the Civil War and was now living in England. He gave his address as “Broadmoor, Crowthorne, Berkshire,” 50 miles from Oxford.
Minor joined the army of volunteers sending words and quotations to Murray. Over the next 17 years, he became one of the staff’s most valued contributors.
But he was also a mystery. In spite of many invitations, he would always decline to visit Oxford. So in 1897, Murray finally decided to travel to Crowthorne himself. When he arrived, he found Minor locked in a book-lined cell at the Broadmoor Asylum(精神病院) for the Criminally Insane.
Murray and Minor became friends, sharing their love of words. Minor continued contributing to the dictionary, sending in more than 10,000 submissions in 20 years. Murray continued to visit Minor regularly, sometimes taking walks with him around the asylum grounds.
In 1910, Minor left Broadmoor for an asylum in his native America. Murray was at the port to wave goodbye to his remarkable friend.
Minor died in 1920, seven years before the first edition of the Oxford English Dictionary was completed. The 12 volunteers defined 414,825 words, and thousands of them were contributions from a very scholarly and devoted asylum patient.
【小题1】According to the text, the first Oxford English Dictionary ____.
| A．came out before Minor died |
| B．was edited by an American volunteer |
| C．included the English words invented by Murray |
| D．was intended to be the most ambitious English dictionary |
| A．He helped Murray to find hundreds of volunteers. |
| B．He sent newspapers, magazines and books to Murray. |
| C．He provided a great number of words and quotations. |
| D．He went to England to work with Murray. |
| A．Brave and determined. | B．Cautious and friendly. |
| C．Considerate and optimistic. | D．Unusual and scholarly. |
| A．The history of the English language. |
| B．The friendship between Murray and Minor. |
| C．Minor and the first Oxford English Dictionary. |
| D．Broadmoor Asylum and its patients. |
What is it that makes people laugh? More than two thousand years ago the ancient Greek philosopher (哲学家) Aristotle defined (定义) jokes as the pleasure that results from a feeling of triumph by showing we’re better than someone else in a certain way. According to Aristotle and many other philosophers，all jokes depend mainly on showing inferiority in another person or group of persons — that is，putting it clearly，on showing that they are worse off than ourselves. Jokes raise our good opinion of ourselves at someone else’s expense.
Showing how much better than other people we are is only one reason we like jokes. Someone may also use a joke to express their anger or their cruelty （残酷）or any other kind of action that is not acceptable to us. We feel free to laugh when we hear about someone sliding on a banana skin. The joke lets us express those attitudes which are usually unacceptable to society. This is probably the reason why some of the jokes，especially those involving cruelty，are so popular with certain people.
Besides，all jokes depend on our enjoyment of laughing at something that is strange and out of place because it’s different from things which are happening around it. The same situation can be either sad or pleasant，depending entirely on how strange and out of place it is. If a girl in a bathing suit falls into a swimming pool，we don’t laugh because nothing unusual has happened. But if a man in a smart suit falls in，the situation is at once unusual in a pleasant way and we laugh. A good joke-teller will always try to build up a situation in which one thing is expected until something unexpected suddenly happens，and so we laugh.
【小题1】The underlined word “inferiority” (in Paragraph 1) means ______.
| A．someone that is better than someone else |
| B．something that is better than something else |
| C．someone that is as good as someone else |
| D．something that is not as good as something else |
stotle, all jokes depend mainly on ______. | A．resulting in a sense of success |
| B．showing inferiority in another person or group |
| C．having a good opinion of other people |
| D．making people laugh unexpectedly |
| A．To express those attitudes usually unacceptable to society is one of the reasons we like jokes. |
| B．When people are angry, they would like to hear jokes. |
| C．People who like jokes are usually cruel. |
| D．Showing we are better than other people is the only one reason we like jokes. |
| A．Make an unexpected thing happen in an expected situation |
| B．Make different things happen at the same time. |
| C．Make a sad situation into a pleasant one. |
| D．Make people laugh at something unusual and out of place. |
“I had a test and didn’t want to do it, so I pretended to be ill”, says 13-year-old Mary. But Mary did not enjoy her day off. “It was boring. I wished I had gone to school.”
Mary’s story is not unusual in Britain. According to the latest government figures, pupil absences are rising, despite schools taking a hard line on truancy (逃学).
Dr Philip James from Cardiff University thinks she knows why: “As schools make more efforts to find and punish missing students, students find better ways to avoid being caught.”
For several years, James has researched teenager truancy and discovered that most truancy was “a response to factors within the school”. Students that skip school are not necessarily less advanced or less intelligent. They complained of teachers who failed to engage them, and of “boring” lessons. “Many of them really enjoy school and believe in education, but drop out when aspects of it are ineffective.” James says.
The views of students like Adam, who believes that skipping lessons has little impact on his schooling, are common. “I only take off for a lesson, or a couple of days. It doesn’t affect my education,” he told James.
James believes that schools need to address the question of why pupils want to leave in the first place. “Pupils need help from the start.” she says. “Schools need to look at the reasons for truancy rather than the number, so that instead of walking away from school, students have the skills and chances to talk through problems and make a change.”
【小题1】What is one of the reasons that many students skip school according to James’ study?
| A．They feel they have fallen behind in their studies. |
| B．They have no interest in school education. |
| C．They now have more interesting things to do. |
| D．They find some lessons and teachers uninteresting. |
| A．experiencing a problem with | B．having a strict attitude towards |
| C．finding it difficult to deal with | D．having little success with |
| A．school education needs improvement |
| B．good students also need a break from school |
| C．schools need to pay more attention to truancy |
| D．many students believe occasional truancy isn’t serious |
| A．Fire all their unqualified teachers. |
| B．Improve communication with students. |
| C．Develop better ways to discover truancy. |
| D．Introduce more serious punishments. |