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                                A

                                ★★★★☆

      Nearly every driver has experienced that feeling of great tiredness,where it becomes almost impossible to stay awake at the wheel. 14-year-old Katherine Wu is too young to have experienced this situation firsthand. However slie noticed how difficult it was for her dad to remain awake while driving back from ?ieir femiiy vacations in Florida to their home in Maryland. Her mom had to talk to her dad all the way.

So I created a tool that can be used instead of my mom talking to my dad to make sure he stays awake and is safe,” she says.

       Her inversion ,“Driver's Companion”,can notice driver sleepiness and warn the driver if he or she is too t?ed to be on the road.

     The user wears a headset(耳机) ,which sends information about the driver' s brain waves (月凶电波) to a tiny computer. The computer can be placed in front of the driver. The 吵对撕(系统) then gives warnings,if needed. As the driver becomes sleepier,red color will be shown to warn him or her. The driver will also hear messages warning him to get off the road. The machine can say, “You’ re tired. Please take a break."

      After sending her invention to the 2014 Discovery Education 3M Young Scientist Challenge,Wu was chosen as a finalist and was able to work with Dr. Jesse Miller,who is a product development specialist.

    “He helped me understand how important it IS to make sure that my invention wprked for the people who were using it and that it was user-friendly,” Wu says.

As a young scientist,Wu has some advice for other students of her age: ul would like to tell them that they should choose something they* re interested in. So they 11 be willing to spend more time on it and enjoy working on it more. Also when there 's difficulty,they should just continue working hard because they’ 11 get over it."

1. Why di? Wu’s mother talk to her dad all the way?

   A. To prevent an accident.

   B. To help him feel relaxed

    C. To discuss their vacations.

   D. To make the trip enjoyable.

2. What is the purpose or‘Driver's Companion”?

   A. To show drivers the way.

   B. To prevent drunk driving,

    C. To improve driving skills.

   D. To help drivers stay awake. .

3. Which of the following shows how Driver5 s Companion works?

   A. Sleepiness →Headset  warnings Computer

   B. Sleepiness Warnings Headset Computer

   C. Sleepiness Headset  Computer  Warnings

    D. Sleepiness -? Computer Headset Warnings

4. Dr. Miller lets Wu know the importance of

   A. satisfying users

   B. working together 

   C. making discoveries   

   D. helping other students

5. Wu advises other young students

   A. to enjoy their lives

   B. to learn to love science 

    C. not to do dangerous jobs

   D. not to give up what they love

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                                 C

                             ★★★★☆

          Sixteen dollars!That's the price of a movie ticket plus tax in Los Angeles. Thanks to an Indian chemist,that amount of cash could also provide clean water for a year for a poor family in the developing world.

          Thalappil Pradeep,a chemistry professor at the Indian Institute of Technology,spent 14 years developing a water filter(滤水器) system that can. remove pollutants from India's groundwater as it is being pumped. The water purifier,which Pradeep first showed to the public in 2012,is the first filter of its kind in India. The country's federal government recently decided to place the pumps across the nation,Pradeep said. He and a team of students formed a company to keep up with the work,he added.

            The device(设备) come in two sizes and at three price levels,which include installation (安装) costs: The $16 version is for homes; a larger one that can be used at schools and office buildings is $500 (connecting a whole village costs $700 more) . The larger purifier,which stands nine feet tall,produces about 80 gallons of clean water per hour.

            Worldwide,663 million people do not have access to clean and safe water. In India,access to clean water is particularly poor. About 21  percent of illnesses in India are caused by drinking dirty water,and more than 100,000 deaths are caused by water-borne illnesses each year.

           The first of Pradeep‘s  pumps was "installed in West Bengal,a state in eastern India,in 2012. The state government took notice and installed pumps at 330 schools across the region. As a result,now about 500,000 people have access to clean water from these pumps,said Pradeep.

9. What did India’ federal government plan to do recently?

   A. To produce water purifiers itself.

   B. To set up a water purifier company.

   C. To help Pradeep continue his research.

   D. To use the water filter system nationwide.

10. What can we know about Pradeep's  device?

   A. It has three sizes and three prices.

   B. It first appeared in public in 2012.

   C. It can purify 80 gallons of dirty water per day.

   D. It is the first widely used water filter in the world.

11. What does the author want to stress by using the figures in Paragraph 4 ?

   A. People in India live a healthy life.

   B. Clean drinking water is not hard to get.

   C. The water purifier is important to India.

   D. It's hard to cure illnesses caused by drinking dirty water.

12. What is the text mainly about?

   A. A water filter system.

   B. Water problems in India.

   C. An Indian chemist's life.

   D. The cost of the water purifier.

                      Kids and food: advice for parents

    It is important for parents to know how to help their kids eat healthy. Here are a few easy ways:

Parents control the supply lines.

    36 Though kids may keep asking for less (有营养的) foods,parents should decide

which foods are regularly provided in the house. Kids won’ t go hungry. They’ 11 eat what's available in the fridge at home.

Say goodbye to the “clean-plate club”.

    37 Lots of parents grew up under the clean-plate rule,but that way doesn,t help kids listen to their own bodies when they are full. When kids feel full,theyJ re less likely to overeat.

38

     Food preferences are developed early in life,so tìy to offer different kinds of food. Likes and dislikes begin forming even when kids are babies. Parents may need to serve a new food on several different occasio/is (时机) for a child to accept it. 

Food is not love.

     Find better ways to say u\ love you/' When foods are used to reward kids and show love,they may start to turn to food when feeling worried or unhappy. 39 

Kids do as you do.

      40 When trying to teach good eating habits,try to set the best example. Choose nutritious food,eat at the table,and don't forget breakfasts.

   A. Start them young.

   B. Rewrite the kids* menu.

      C. Be a role model and eat heal?ty yourself.

   D. Offer praise and attention instead of food treats.

   E. Let kids stop eating when they feel they’ve had enough.

   F. You decide which foods to buy and when to serve them.

   G. Let kids choose what to eat and how much of it they want.

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