题目内容
6.While feelings of disgust can increase behaviors such as lying and cheating,cleanliness can help people return to ethical behavior,according to a recent study by marketing experts at Rice University,Pennsylvania State University and Arizona State University.The study highlights the powerful impact emotions have on individual decision-making.As an emotion,disgust is designed as a protection.When people feel disgusted,they tend to remove themselves from a situation.The instinct is to protect oneself.People become focused onself'and they're less likely to think about other people.Small cheating starts to occur:If I'm disgusted and more focused on myself and I need to lie a little bit to gain a small advantage,I'II do that.That's the underlying mechanism.
In turn,the researchers found that cleansing behaviors actually keep the self-serving effects of disgust to a minimum.If you can make people think of cleaning products,the likelihood of cheating also goes away.People don't know it,but these small emotions are constantly affecting them.
The researchers conducted three randomized experiments causing disgust through various means.The study involved 600participants around the United States; both genders were equally represented.In one experiment,participants evaluated consumer products such as antidiarrheal medicine(止泻药),and diapers(尿布).In another,participants wrote essays about their most disgusting memory.In the third,participants watched a disgusting toilet scene from the movie"Trainspotting".Once effectively disgusted,participants were willing to lie and cheat for financial gain.
In another set of experiments,after falling into the state of disgust on participants,the researchers then had them evaluate cleansing products,such as household cleaners and body washes.Those who evaluated the cleansing products did not engage in deceptive behaviors any more than those in the neutral emotion condition.
At the basic level,if you have environments that are cleaner,people should be less likely to feel disgusted.If there is less likelihood to feel disgusted,there will be a lower likelihood that people need to be self-focused and there will be a higher likelihood for people to cooperate with each other.
The deeper meaning of the study's findings is that these powerful emotions can be caused by a variety of small things when people are reading the newspaper or listening to the radio.What we found is that unless you ask people,they often don't know they're feeling disgusted.The question is how to make people more self-aware and more thoughtful about the decision-making process.
71 impact(s)/influence(s)/effect(s) 72.others 73.purpose/intention74.reduce/minimize 75.tendency 76.willing/ready/likely 77.behaviors 78.meanings 79.cooperation80.various.
分析 本文是一篇科普文,研究结论是令人作呕的感觉会增加欺骗和撒谎的行为,而清洁可以使人回归正常的道德行为,这项研究强调了情绪对个体决策的强大影响.
解答 71.答案 impact(s)/influence(s)/effect(s)
该空右边四个分支主要描述了 feelings of disgust 和 cleanliness 这两种情绪对人的行为产生的影响.同时也可对应到文章第一段最后一句"The study highlights the powerfulimpact emotions have on individualdecision-making".应此该空要填入表示"影响"之意的词,单复数皆可.故正确答案为 impact/impacts/influence/influences/effect/effects.
72.答案 others
由第二段第四句"People become focused on'self'andthey're less likely to think about other people"可知,恶心会使人关注自己,而忽视他人.故正确答案为 others.
73.答案 purpose/intention
由第二段第五句"Small cheating starts to occur:IfI'm disgusted and more focused on myself and I need to lie a little bit to gaina small advantage,I'II do that"可知,当人们感到恶心时,会更关注于自己,会撒点谎来占便宜.因此可总结:人们感到恶心时,有时会撒谎来隐瞒为自己占便宜的意图(purpose/intention).故正确答案为 purpose/intention.
74.答案 reduce/minimize
由第三段第一句"In turn,the researchers found thatcleansing behaviors actually keep the self-serving effects of disgust to aminimum"可知,净化行为可以把自私自利降到最低.keep…to a minimum 意为"降到最低",可替换为 minimize 或 reduce.故正确答案为 reduce/minimize.
75.答案 tendency
由第三段第二句"If you can make people think ofcleaning products,the likelihood of cheating also goes away"可知,人们想到清洁产品时,撒谎的可能性减少.可同意转换为:人们想到清洁产品时,倾向(tendency)于不撒谎.故正确答案为 tendency.
76.答案 willing/ready/likely
由第四段最后一句"Once effectively disgusted,participants were willing to lie and cheat for financial gain"可知,当参与者感到恶心时,他们愿意撒谎来获取经济利益.应此可填入 willing 表示"愿意".也可填入 ready 表示"准备好做某事",或 likely 表示"可能做某事",均符合文意.故正确答案为 willing/ready/likely.
77.答案behaviors
由第五段最后一句"Those who evaluated the cleansingproducts did not engage in deceptive behaviors…"可知,参与评估清洁产品的人,不会有欺骗行为.故正确答案为 behaviors.
78.答案 meanings
由倒数第二段第一句"At the basic level…"和最后一段第一句"The deeper meaning…"可知,最后两段分别从浅层和深层意义分析了该研究结果.故正确答案为 meanings.
79.答案 cooperation
由倒数第二段"At the basic level,if you haveenvironments that are cleaner,people should be less likely to feel disgusted…a higher likelihood for peopleto cooperate with each other"可知,在干净的环境中,人们更有可能和别人合作.故正确答案为cooperation.
80.答案 various
由最后一段第一句"…these powerful emotions can becaused by a variety of small things when people are reading the newspaper orlistening to the radio"可知,这些情绪可能是由人们看报、听广播时接触的多种多样的小事物引起的.因此该空要填入 various 用来替换 a variety of.故正确答案为 various.
点评 任务型阅读做题技巧
对阅读理解能力的测试是英语考试中必不可少的测试项目,主要考查学生对于不同体裁或不同题材语言材料的理解能力,以及通过材料的阅读,对材料中信息的捕获能力.此项能力的测试,考生要做到以下几方面要求:
1.不但要求掌握所读材料的主旨大意、中心思想,而且要求掌握文章中的详细事实与细节.
2.不但要求对于具体事实情节的理解,而且要求对其抽象含义的理解,既要理解字面意思,又要理解其深层含义,包括作者的态度、观点、意图等.
3.既要求理解文章中某句、某段的含义及全文的逻辑关系,又要求根据其含义及逻辑关系进行判断和推理.
4.既要求考生能够运用材料中的信息去理解、分析问题;又要求考生能运用中学生应有的生活常识去分析、理解问题.
应试技巧与解题步骤
如何才能巧答阅读理解题呢?我认为可以采取以下几种应试技巧和解题步骤:
首先对原文材料迅速浏览,掌握全文的主旨大意.因为阅读理解题一般没有标题,所以,速读全文,抓住中心主旨很有必要,在速读的过程中,应尽可能多地捕获信息材料.
其次,细读题材,各个击破.掌握全文的大意之后,细细阅读每篇材料后的问题,弄清每题要求后,带着问题,再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息.
要善于抓住每段的主题句,阅读时,要有较强的针对性.对于捕获到的信息,要做认真分析,仔细推敲,理解透彻,只有这样,针对题目要求,才能做到稳、准.
A. | whose | B. | who | C. | which | D. | that |
A. | admit | B. | escape | C. | risk | D. | appreciate |