题目内容

Health experts have long worried about the increasing rate of obesity in kids. It’s an important concern: Being weight or obese during childhood can lead to serious problems normally seen in adults, such as diabetes and high blood pressure. Poor diets and a lack of exercise are usually the causes. But would you ever have imagined there might be a connection between the bacteria that lived in your guts （内脏）when you were a baby and the chance that you would become overweight?
Scientists in Finland recently found just such a link. In a recent study, they showed that overweight kids had different species of bacteria living in their guts.
You probably think of bacteria only as germs that can make you sick. While it’s true that some bacteria can make people ill, your body actually depends on some types of bacteria to help you digest food and extract nutrients from it. These “good” bacteria live in your guts, where they process the food you eat.
Human babies get these bacterial helpers from their moms. When a baby is born, some of the bacteria in the mother move into the baby’s body. Growing babies get additional “good” bacteria from the milk their mothers produce. And it turns out the bacteria might play an important role in regulating weight just six years later.
So how could these bacteria affect weight? The researchers still haven’t tested that question, but future tests might lead to an answer.
小题1:The “link” in Paragraph 2 refers to the relationship between _______.
A．bacteria and the chance of being overweight
B．obesity and diabetes
C．diets and the chance of being overweight
D．bacteria and exercise
小题2:Which of the following is NOT the function of “good” bacteria?
A．Helping to digest food.
B．Helping to take nutrients from food.
C．Helping to regulate weight.
D．Making a person ill.
小题3:The purpose of writing this passage is to _______.
A．introduce the role of bacteria in children’s weight
B．analyze the influence of obesity on kids
C．give advice on how to lose weight quickly
D．explain the function of bacteria in foods

小题1:A
小题2:D
小题3:A

小题1:从第一段的最后一句可知答案是A。
小题2:D项不属于“good” bacteria的作用。
小题3:本文作者主要介绍了bacteria对于孩子体重状况所起的作用，因此A项符合作者意图。
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There are new findings that not enough sleep may cause people to gain weight.Researchers say a lack of sleep can produce hormonal changes that increase feelings of hunger.
In one study,researchers in the United States examined information on more than 1000 people.The people had taken part in a long-term study of sleep disorders.
Some people slept less than five hours a night.They had 15 percent higher blood levels of a hormone called ghrelin than people who slept eight hours.And they had 15 percent less of the hormone leptin.Experts say ghrelin helps make people feel hungry;leptin makes you feel full.
The scientists say these hormonal changes may be a cause of obesity in Western societies.They note the combination that limitation is common and is widely available.
The results were not affected by how much people exercised.People who are awake longer have more time to burn energy.But the researchers say loss of sleep may increase hunger especially  for high-calorie foods,so people gain weight.It seems that,for survival,the body may be designed to store more fat during times with less sleep.
Researchers from Stanford University in California and the University of Wisconsin did the study.They found that the best amount of sleep for weight control is 7.7 hours a night.
The Public Library of Science published the findings in its journal Medicine.Internet users can read the full study,free of charge,at plos.org.
小题1:Which of the following shows the right way in which lack of sleep causes weight gain?
A．more ghrelin and less leptin→feeling hungry→eating more
B．feeling hungry→eating more→more ghrelin and less leptin
C．burning more energy→feeling hungry→eating more
D．more leptin and less ghrelin→feeling full→less exercise
小题2:The two words missing in the 4th paragraph should be “_________”and “_________”.
A．weight;sleepB．sleep;foodC．hunger;foodD．weight;work
小题3:When you sleep 7.7 hours a night,you will_________.
A．have your ghrelin level rise and leptin level drop
B．have your leptin level rise and ghrelin level drop
C．have your ghrelin and leptin levels properly balanced
D．feel neither hungry nor full
小题4:The writer wrote this passage to_________.
A．make a news reportB．offer a piece of medical advice
C．make an advertisementD．keep a record of the research findings
The public commonly associates steroid use with big-time athletics. But the drugs may be even more of a menace to teenagers. The synthetic hormones can stunt a young person’s growth by prematurely closing the ends of the long bones in the skeleton. That means a 1.7 metre, 15-year-old high school student who uses steroids “might get bigger but won’t get any taller”, according to a US doctor.
Nearly seven percent of boys in the US try steroids before the end of high school, according to a 1988 study by professors Charles Yesalis and William Buckley, of Penn State University. The estimate comes from a poll of 3,400 seniors in 46 public and private schools across the US.
“Abusers of Steroids did it to improve their appearance and to excel at sports,” Professor Yesalis said. “Parents, teachers and coaches make boys believe that to be an ideal male you need to have these. Then they say: ‘you can’t play games to have fun; you play games to win.’”
“Such attitudes put many high school athletes at high risk of becoming abusers of steroids,” said Mike Gimbel, director of Baltimore County Office of substance Abuse. “For these athletes, the pressure to perform is incredible,” he said. “It was inevitable that it would seep down to high school level.”
小题1:The word “big-time” in Paragraph 1 most nearly means “________”.
A．long timeB．good timeC．top rankD．modern
小题2:Why are steroids even more of a threat to teenagers?
A．Because they make teenagers grow too tall.
B．Because they make teenagers get too big.
C．Because they prevent teenagers from getting taller and taller.
D．Because they give teenagers too much pressure.
小题3:Which of the following statements is implied but not mentioned?
A．School athletes have too much pressure.
B．Steroids can help people have lots of muscles.
C．The pressure chiefly comes from parents, teachers and coaches.
D．Girls are not interested in steroids.
小题4:Which of the following is a good title for this passage?
A．Drugs and Sports
B．The Pressure to School Boys are Too Much
C．School Boys are Interested in Drugs
D．School Athletes Risk Damage from Drugs
B
More than 10 years ago, it was difficult to buy a tasty pineapple. The fruits that made it to the UK were green on the outside and, more often than not, hard with an unpleasant taste within. Then in 1996, the Del Monte Gold pineapple produced in Hawaii first hit our shelves.
The new type of pineapple looked more yellowy-gold than green. It was slightly softer on the outside and had a lot of juice inside. But the most important thing about this new type of pineapple was that it was twice as sweet as the hit-and-miss pineapples we had known. In no time, the Del Monte Gold took the market by storm, rapidly becoming the world’s best-selling pineapple variety, and delivering natural levels of sweetness in the mouth, up until then only found in tinned pineapple.
In nutrition(营养) it was all good news too. This nice-tasting pineapple contained four times more vitamin C(维生素C) than the old green variety. Nutritionists said that it was not only full of vitamins, but also good against some diseases. People were understandably eager to be able to buy this wonderful fruit. The new type of pineapple was selling fast, and the Del Monte Gold pineapple rapidly became a fixture in the shopping basket of the healthy eater.
Seeing the growing market for its winning pineapple, Del Monte tried to keep the market to itself. But other fruit companies developed similar pineapples. Del Monte turned to law for help, but failed. Those companies argued successfully that Del Monte’s attempts to keep the golden pineapple for itself were just a way to knock them out of the market.
小题1:We learn from the text that the new type of pineapple is ______.
A．green outside and sweet insideB．good-looking outside and soft inside
C．yellowy-gold outside and hard insideD．a little soft outside and sweet inside
小题2:Why was the new type of pineapple selling well?
A．It was rich in nutrition and tasted nice.B．It was less sweet and good for health.
C．It was developed by Del Monte.D．It was used as medicine.
小题3:The underlined word “fixture” in Paragraph 3 probably refers to something ______.
A. that people enjoy eating             B. that is always present
CV. that is difficult to get                     D. that people use as a gift
小题4:We learn from the last paragraph that Del Monte ______.
A．allowed other companies to develop pineapples
B．succeeded in keeping the pineapple for itself
C．tried hard to control the pineapple market
D．planned to help the other companies
The following are four forms about medicine. How to use the medicine is very important. Never take any by mistake.
1）Take the medicine with water, followed by one tablet every eight hours, as required. For further night - time and early morning, take two tablets at bedtime. Do not take more than six tablets in 24 hours. For Children six to twelve years old, go to your doctor for advice.　Reduce dosage if nervousness, restlessness or sleeplessness takes place.
2）Each pill of the medicine taken three times every day for fourteen years old. As usual, a pill 6∶00 a. m., before breakfast, one before 11∶00 and one before sleep. Not for children under six years old and old persons with heart attack.
3）The medicine for a person with a fever. Once two pills a day before sleep for adult. Not take the medicine without fever. Half for Children under 12 years old. Children with a high fever, go to see a doctor.
4）The medicine taken three times a day, once five pills for adult with a cold. Half of the pills for children 10 years old. Take the medicine before breakfast, lunch, supper or before sleep.
小题1:Obviously a kind of medicine can’t be proper for ________, judging from the information.
A．children over twelve years oldB．some old persons with a fever
C．some old persons with heart attackD．neither adults nor heart attack
小题2:When a person has a cold, he had better ________ .
A．have about more than fourteen pills a dayB．have twice a day
C．have four times a dayD．have nine pills a day
小题3:How many kinds of medicine are used for the children six years old?
A．All of them．B．Three kinds of medicine.
C．Two kinds of medicine.D．Almost not any medicine.

Most people, when they travel to space, would like to stay in orbit for a few days of more. And this stands to reason, if you’re paying $20,000 for your trip to orbit! Strain order for tourism to reach its full potential there’s going to be a need for orbital accommodation---or space hotels. What would a space hotel actually be like to visit? Hotels in orbit will offer the services you expect from a hotel------private rooms, meals, bars. But they’ll also offer two unique experiences: impressive views----of Earth and space---and the endless entertainment of living in zero gravity---including sports and other activities that make use of this.
The hotels themselves will vary greatly----from being quite simple in the early days to huge luxury structure at a later date. It’s actually surprising that as later as 1997, very few designs for space hotels were published. This is mainly because those who might be expected to design them haven’t expected launch costs to come down far enough to make them possible.
Lots of people who’ve been to space have described vividly what it’s like to live in zero gravity. There are obviously all sort of possibilities for dancing, gymnastics, and zero-G sports. Luckily, you don’t need to sleep much living in zero gravity, so you’ll have plenty of time for relaxing by hanging out in a bar with a window looking down at the turning Earth below.
Of course all good things have come to an end. Unfortunately, And so after a few days you’ll find yourself heading back enough you’ll be much more expert at exercising in zero gravity than you were when you arrived. You’ll be thinking how soon you can save up enough to get back up again---or maybe you should change jobs to get to work in an orbiting hotel.
小题1:When traveling in space, most people would like to stay in orbit for a few days because _______.
A．It is expensive to travel in space
B．they would find the possible life in other star systems
C．they could enjoy the luxury of space hotels
D．they want to realise the full potential of tourism
小题2:Which of the following is a unique experience that space hotels will offer?
A．The gravitational pullB．The special views.
C．The relaxation in a barD．The space walk.
小题3:Which of the following is not discussed in the passage?
A．When was the space traveling made possible?
B．What are the unique experiences that space hotels will offer?
C．Why were there not many published designs for space hotels?
D．How can the travelers enjoy themselves in space hotels?
小题4:This passage is mainly about ________.
A．traveling in spaceB．the ways of living in space hotels
C．zero gravity and space hotelsD．the description of space hotels
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　Fear can be fun. Many young people queue up to ride very fast and scary roller coasters, screaming but enjoying themselves. Other people like to read “goose bumps (鸡皮疙瘩)” books or watch horror movies at night, scared to death but feeling excited. Why do people like being scared?
　　Fear is an ancient way of surviving. Being scared makes animals, including humans escape from danger and save themselves. It is because of fear that we have lived through millions of years of evolution. Those who lacked a strong fear response were more likely to be killed, leaving the more fearful and careful to pass their genes onto the next generation.
　　How do scientists explain why shaking over such scary things is fun? “Some kids will go to a scary movie and love it and laugh over it, others will feel anxious and hide their faces and some won’t even set foot in the cinema,” said Ned Kalin, a US scientist. “Which kind of person you are depends partly on experiences you’ve had and partly on your genes.”
　　What happens in the brain when something frightens you? Nerves that begin at the eyes and ears lead to a part of the brain called the amygdale. When you suddenly see a snake, for example, the amygdale makes you freeze, sweat, have a quickened heartbeat, or run very fast. However, seeing the snake also uses another part of the brain, the cortex. It analyzes the situation, and if it finds that the snake is only made of rubber it tells your heart and the rest of your body to calm down. Think of the amygdale as the engine and the cortex as the brake.
　　Back to the first question: Why do some people like to make themselves scared? “One reason is that we can play games with fear, find ways to reduce the scariness by looking away or thinking of something else,” Kalin said. “To believe we have control over a situation gives us a feeling of power.” “Scary movies or novels are good practice to prepare young people for the real thing. Thrills such as roller coaster rides also go to the brain’s pleasure centre.”
　　And there might be some evolutionary advantage to being able to adjust this system that is there to protect people.
　　72. How many questions are answered in the passage?
　　A. 2. 　　　B. 3. 　　　C. 4.　　　 D. 5.
　　73. Some people like to be scared because______.
　　A. they are afraid that the fear genes will be passed onto their children
　　B. it’s a good practice to get prepared for the real frightening situation
　　C. it can help them show their own personalities
　　D. they will feel powerful after getting rid of fear
　　74. Which of the following is true about the people who are not easily scared?
　　A. Their cortex is better at analyzing the situations.
　　B. They are more likely to suffer from potential danger.
　　C. They are born unaffected by anything horrible.
　　D. They lack a strong response towards threat.
　　75. What is the best title of the passage?
　　A. Ready to scream? 　　　　B. How to be scared?
　　C. Willing to shake?　　　　D. Why to be scared?
It was a cold winter day. A woman drove up to the Rainbow Bridge tollbooth (收费站). “I’m paying for myself, and for the six cars behind me,” she said with a smile, handing over seven tickets. One after another, the next six drivers arriving at the tollbooth were informed, “Some lady up ahead already paid your fare.”
It turned out that the woman, Natalie Smith, had read something on a friend’s refrigerator: “Practice random kindness and senseless acts of beauty.” The phrase impressed her so much that she copied it down.
Judy Foreman spotted the same phrase on a warehouse wall far away from home. When it stayed on her mind for days, she gave up and drove all the way back to copy it down. “I thought it was beautiful,” she said, explaining why she’d taken to writing it at the bottom of all her letters, “like a message from above.” Her husband, Frank, liked the phrase so much that he put it up on the classroom wall for his students, one of whom was the daughter of Alice Johnson, a local news reporter. Alice put it in the newspaper, admitting that though she liked it, she didn’t know where it came from or what it really meant.
Two days later, Alice got a call from Anne Herbert, a woman living in Marin. It was in a restaurant that Anne wrote the phrase down on a piece of paper, after turning it around in her mind for days.
“Here’s the idea,” Anne says. “Anything you think there should be more of, do it randomly.” Her fantasies include painting the classrooms of shabby schools, leaving hot meals on kitchen tables in the poor part of town, and giving money secretly to a proud old lady. Anne says, “Kindness can build on itself as much as violence can.”
The acts of random kindness spread. If you were one of those drivers who found your fare paid, who knows what you might have been inspired to do for someone else later. Like all great events, kindness begins slowly, with every single act. Let it be yours!
小题1:Why did Natalie Smith pay for the six cars behind her?
A．She knew the car drivers well.
B．She wanted to show kindness.
C．She hoped to please others.
D．She had seven tickets.
小题2:Judy Foreman copied down the phrase because she       .
A．thought it was beautifully written
B．wanted to know what it really meant
C．decided to write it on a warehouse wall
D．wanted her husband to put it up in the classroom
小题3:Who came up with the phrase according to the passage?
A．Judy Foreman.
B．Natalie Smith.
C．Alice Johnson.
D．Anne Herbert.
小题4:Which of the following statements is closest in the meaning to the underlined sentence above?
A．Kindness and violence can change the world.
B．Kindness and violence can affect one’s behavior.
C．Kindness and violence can reproduce themselves.
D．Kindness and violence can shape one’s character.
小题5:What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A．People should practice random kindness to those in need.
B．People who receive kindness are likely to offer it to others.
C．People should practice random kindness to strangers they meet.
D．People who receive kindness are likely to pay it back to the giver.
Janelle was running late for work, so she just had time for a quick look at herself in the mirror as she was going out. What she saw there made her stop dead in her tracks.
Being a busy college student just one year removed from her teenage years, she wasn’t exactly obsessive-compulsive(有强迫观念和行为的) about the neatness of her clothes. But her boss at the restaurant where she works saw things a little differently. He had recently lectured the entire staff on the importance of appearance, and had specifically mentioned the need for servers to wear clean, unwrinkled blouses. As an assistant manager, Janelle felt it was important to set an example for the other employees. But if she stopped to iron the blouse normally, she would be late —and work without delay was an area of even greater concern to her boss.
So she grabbed her iron and plugged it in and set it for low heat. Carefully holding her blouse away from her body, she continued to iron it while she was wearing it. It seemed like a logical answer to an urgent problem.
And it seemed to be working until Janelle tried to iron the collar and accidentally ironed her neck by mistake. Then it suddenly seemed like a really stupid idea and a really painful one as well. It took more time to treat her burn than it would have taken to iron her shirt properly. And she spent a miserable shift dealing with the pain of the burn.
We’ve all been there, haven’t we? For me it was cutting my own hair. For a former roommate it was trying to pull his own wisdom teeth. For another college acquaintance, it was trying to change the oil in his car while the motor was still running.
“There’s a right way and a wrong way of doing things,” Dad used to tell me whenever I’d spoil the look of our yard by trying out a faster, easier and more creative way of pulling weeds or edging the lawn. “If a thing is worth doing,” he said, “it’s worth doing it right.” There’s a reason why certain things are done in certain ways. Those old, boring, predictable ways work.
小题1:Jenelle found in the mirror that __________.
A．there were stains on her blouse
B．her blouse was wrinkled
C．she wore heavy makeup
D．she put on a wrong blouse
小题2:It’s learned from Paragraph 2 that______________.
A．Jenelle had no sense of responsibility at work
B．Jenelle failed to set an example for employees in daily work
C．Jenelle didn’t care about the neatness of her clothes at all
D．Jenelle’s boss put doing something on time above appearance
小题3:What can we infer from the fifth paragraph?
A．We all have done loads of things like Janelle.
B．We are careful enough in daily life.
C．We all have done something creative.
D．We all have tried to iron clothes while we are wearing them.
小题4:What does the author mainly want to tell readers in the last paragraph ?
A．Be creative.B．A bad beginning makes a bad ending.
C．Stick to old ways.D．Do things right.

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