Question

17．Play is the basic business of childhood，and in recent years research has shown the great importance of play in the development of a human being．From earliest infancy （婴儿），every child needs opportunity and right materials for play，and the main tools of play are toys．The main function of toys is to suggest，encourage and play．To succeed in this，they must be good toys，which children will play with often，and will come back again and again．Therefore，it is important to choose suitable toys for different stages of a child's development．
In recent years research on infant development has shown that the standard a child is likely to reach，within the range of his inherited abilities，is largely determined in the first three years of his life．So a baby's ability to benefit from the right play materials should not be underestimated．A baby who is encouraged，talked to and shown things and played with，has the best chance of growing up successfully．
In the next stage，from three to five years old，curiosity knows no bounds．Every type of suitable toys should be made available to the child，for trying out，experimenting and learning，for discovering his own particular ability：Bricks and jigsaws and construction toys； painting，scribbling and making things； sand and water play； toys for imaginative and pretending play-the first social games for learning to play and get on with others．
But at the third stage of play development-from five to seven or eight years old-the child is at school．But for a few more years play is still the best way of learning，at home or at school．It is easier to see which type of toys the child most enjoys．
Until the age of seven or eight，play and work mean much the same to a child．But once reading has been mastered，then books become the main source of learning．Toys are still interesting and valuable，which lead up to new hobbies，but their significance has changed to a child of nine or ten years old，toys and games mean，as to adults，relaxation and fun．
49．According to the first passage we know that as a child grows upD．
A．he should be allowed to choose his own toys．
B．he should be given the same toys．
C．he should be given fewer and fewer toys．
D．he should be given different toys．
50．According to the passage，the abilities a child has inherited from his parentsC．
A．determine his character
B．will not change after the age of three．
C．partly determined the standard he is likely to reach
D．to a large extent determine the choice of toys
51．We learn from the passage that a child has boundless curiosityB．
A．when he is two                    
B．when he is around four
C．when he is six                     
D．when he is eight
52．The passage is mainly aboutA．
A．the role of play in a child's development
B．the importance of schooling
C．the importance of pre-school education
D．the choice of toys for youngster．

Answer 1

分析 玩耍是童年的基本业务，近年来的研究表明，玩在一个人类的发展起着极为重要的．从最早的初级阶段（婴儿），每个孩子都需要机会去玩，正确的材料，以及主要工具是玩具．玩具的主要功能是建议，鼓励和玩耍．要想成功，就必须有好的玩具，孩子们常常会玩，会回来一次又一次玩的玩具．因此，在一个孩子的发展的不同阶段，合适的玩具很重要．
    对婴儿发展的近几年的研究表明，一个孩子在他继承的能力范围内有可能达到的标准，很大程度上是由他生命中的第一个三年确定的．所以一个婴儿的能力得益于合理的不可低估的玩耍的玩具．被鼓励，与之说话和展示东西并与之玩的孩子，更有机会成功地成长．
    在下一阶段，从三岁到五岁，好奇心永无止境．每一种合适的玩具应该提供给孩子，让他尝试，体验和学习，发现自己特别的能力：积木、拼图，建筑玩具，绘画、涂鸦和手工制作、玩沙和水；具有想象力和假象的玩具都是孩子的第一社交游戏去学习和别人玩耍和交往．
    但是在儿童玩耍发展的第三个阶段即五到七岁或八岁，孩子是在学校，但在之后的几年的时间里，无论是在家里还是在学校里，玩耍仍然是最好的学习方式．
    直到孩子七岁或八岁的时候，玩耍和工作对孩子同样的重要．但是一旦掌握了阅读，然后书籍成为学习的主要来源．玩具仍然是有趣的和有价值的，这导致了新的爱好，但它们的意义已经改变到九或十岁的孩子，甚至成为成年人放松和娱乐的方式．

解答 49题答案是D．细节理解题．根据Therefore，it is important to choose suitable toys for different stages of a child's development可知在孩子发展的不同阶段选择合适的玩具是重要的，也就是说不同的阶段选择不同的玩具，故答案是D．
50题答案是C．．细节理解题．根据In recent years research on infant development has shown that the standard a child is likely to reach，within the range of his inherited abilities，is largely determined in the first three years of his life可知答案是C．
51题答案是B．．细节理解题．根据In the next stage，from three to five years old，curiosity knows no bounds可知3-4-5岁之间的孩子有无穷的好奇心．故答案是B．
52题答案是A．考查文章大意．这片短文通过介绍在孩子成长的不同时期需要的玩具，来说明玩具在孩子成长过程中的作用．孩子成长中"玩"扮演的角色．故选A．

点评 短文记叙了玩耍在孩子成长中的作用．题目涉及多道细节理解题，做题时需要结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案；考查文章大意的题需要对文章大意有清晰的理解才能得出正确答案，切记胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据．