题目内容
Technology is making life easier for some dairy farmers. They use robotic systems to milk their cows. Cows are trained to follow a series of paths that lead to milking stations. Only one cow at a time can enter a station.
Once inside, the cow is rewarded with food. As the cow eats, a robotic arm cleans and connects the animal to the milking machine. A few minutes later, milking is complete. The gate is opened, the cow is released and the next cow enters.
The robotic systems are designed to operate 24 hours a day. The cows get to decide when they want to be milked. Cows are milked an average of about three times a day. Some are milked four to six times a day.
The cows wear collars around their necks that identify them to the system. A computer keeps records on their eating and milking. A cow is released from the station if the computer decides it should not be milked.
The automated system also measures the temperature and color of freshly produced milk. Milk is thrown away if it does not pass the tests.
Professor Plaut believes the systems will appeal especially to the next generation of farmers. She means young people who are more interested in technology and less interested in working all the time on the farm. Still, she says the price of robotic milking systems will continue to limit their use.
Doug and Tina Suhr have more than 100 cows on their family farm. Last year it became the fourth farm in southeast Minnesota to get a robotic milking system. A recent story in a local agricultural newspaper said the first robot cost 175 000 dollars. The second cost 150 000.
Doug told AgriNews that wages that would have been paid for one employee in five years will pay for one robot. He says the increase in milk production reaches a high of more than six kilograms per cow per day.
【小题1】From the first paragraph, we can infer________.
A.the robotic system is designed to reduce labor |
B.cows can be raised by robots in the future |
C.robots direct cows into milking stations |
D.cows are kept clean by robots on some farms |
A.adjust the temperature of milking stations |
B.judge the quality of fresh milk |
C.improve the appetite of cows |
D.keep fresh milk for two weeks |
A.Because young people have no interest in it. |
B.Because it is difficult to learn how to use it. |
C.Because people can’t afford to buy it. |
D.Because it usually causes the waste of milk. |
A.150, 000-170, 000. | B.750, 000. | C.150, 000 -30, 000. | D.30, 000- 32, 000 |
A.Letting robot milk your cow | B.Milking cows by hand |
C.Improving the quality of milk | D.Drinking fresh milk every day |
【小题1】A
【小题2】B
【小题3】C
【小题4】D
【小题5】A
解析试题分析:本文主要讲述的是用机器人来给奶牛挤奶的机器人系统的使用情况和运用。
【小题1】A 推理题。根据文章第一段Technology is making life easier for some dairy farmers. They use robotic systems to milk their cows. Cows are trained to follow a series of paths that lead to milking stations.说明这样的机器人系统可以减少人工的使用,故A项正确。
【小题2】B 推理题。根据第五段The automated system also measures the temperature and color of freshly produced milk. Milk is thrown away if it does not pass the tests。说明这样的机器人还能监控牛奶的质量,如果不过关,牛奶就要被倒掉。故B正确。
【小题3】C 细节题。根据倒数第三段最后一行Still, she says the price of robotic milking systems will continue to limit their use.说明现在这样的机器人系统的价格太高限制了他的使用,故C正确。
【小题4】D 推理计算题。根据文章最后一段1,2行Doug told AgriNews that wages that would have been paid for one employee in five years will pay for one robot说明5年的工人的公众可以买一个这样的机器人系统,the first robot cost 175 000 dollars. The second cost 150 000.故大约是D项。
【小题5】A 主旨大意题。本文主要讲述的是用机器人来给奶牛挤奶的机器人系统的使用情况和运用。故A正确。
考点:考查科普类短文阅读
点评:本文的讨论话题是机器人系统在农业中的如奶牛业中的运用。考查的题型集中在推理题方面,考生应当知道如何去做或按照某种方式传递思考问题。推理判断题的答案不可能在文章中直接找到,因此推理时我们务必要忠于原文,在文章中寻找并确定可推论的依据,即:已知部分-推论的前提,从中推测出未知部分-推理的结论,切忌妄加评论,把自己的观点当成作者的观点。
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Keeping a busy social life among lots of friends may keep people thinner than spending hours doing some exercises, according to scientists. They say that socialising and meeting with friends help increase levels of brown fat in the body which burns calories(卡路里)to produce heat.
Living in an exciting social environment was found to reduce fat in mice's belly by half over four weeks, even if they ate more. US researchers say that social excitement aids weight loss by turning white fat into brown. White fat stores calories and makes us fatter, while brown burns energy to produce heat. Turning white fat into brown is extremely difficult,normally
requiring long- term stay in cold conditions or exciting part of the body's nervous system.
However, scientists from Ohio State University now think that having a busy social life is an even more effective way of changing white fat into brown. The team came up with their theory by studying the effects of various living environments on mice. Those, who lived alongside a greater number of mice, had more space and toys to excite themselves and then lost far more weight over the course of the study than their “couch potato" fellows.
Study author, Dr Matthew During, whose team's findings appear in the journal Cell Metabolism, said, "I'm still amazed at the degree of fat loss that occurs." Explaining how new technology had threatened face-to-face socialising, he added, "It's not just a sedentary(久坐 的)lifestyle and high calorie foods, but an increasing lack of social activities." Co-author Dr Lei Cao said,"Loneliness is a potential factor for cancer and death; it's equal to cigarette smoking to a certain extent. Social activities are very vital.,,
【小题1】What information can we get from the first two paragraphs?
A.Brown fat stores calories and makes us fatter. |
B.It doesn't take long to turn white fat into brown. |
C.Social excitement helps gain more weight. |
D.Brown fat can burn energy to produce heat. |
A.Levels of brown fat can be increased by socialising. |
B.The mice lacking social life lose more weight. |
C.The research findings haven't been published so far. |
D.Dr Matthew During wasn't convinced of the result. |
A.the fat in mice's belly was reduced because of the relaxing environment |
B.a sedentary lifestyle and high calories foods influence people's social life |
C.surfing the Internet may influence people's face-to-face communication |
D.cancer and death are mainly caused for lack of social life |
A.Brown fat is beneficial to people's health. |
B.Socialising is unnecessarily important in people's daily life. |
C.White fat can be changed into brown fat. |
D.Socialising contributes to people's losing weight. |
Hundreds of students from around the world gathered in New York City last week for the Microsoft Imagine Cup finals. They came to present their ideas for using technology to solve world problems.
Microsoft education director Suzi Levine says the nine-year-old program began mainly as a competition to create technology.
SUZI LEVINE: "When we realized that students really actually want to have a purpose for what they're creating, we introduced the idea of inspiring them with the UN Millennium Development Goals and suggesting that they use those for their muse(灵感). "This past year we also rolled out something called the Imagine Cup Solve This library(创新杯求解计划知识库), where IGOs, NGOs and nonprofits can submit some of the technical challenges that they would like students to consider for their solutions."
Microsoft says over 350,000 high school and college students registered for this year's competition. Judges chose more than four hundred of them to attend the finals.
SUZI LEVINE: "One from Thailand was called NewKrean, where they created a Windows Phone 7 application that allows you to broadcast your location to your social network of friends so that you can be more easily rescued." They named their application Terra.
Suzi Levine says there were also ideas from Egypt inspired by the revolution that overthrew president Hosni Mubarak in February.
SUZI LEVINE: "One was to use Bluetooth as sort of a Twitter equivalent so that if the government shuts down the Internet, you actually can still have a massive social distribution."
Students competed in nine categories. For example, in software design the top prize of twenty-five thousand dollars went to Team Hermes from Ireland. The students developed a device for cars to collect information on road conditions, driving behavior and traffic incidents.
A team from Taiwan's National Tsing Hua University won first place in the embedded(内嵌的) development category. They developed a network of wireless devices to help plot the safest escape routes during a fire.
Next year's awards ceremony will take place in Australia. Registration for Imagine Cup twenty-twelve opened Friday. Also, Microsoft announced plans for a three million dollar program to help Imagine Cup winners further develop their projects.
【小题1】Which of the following is true ?
A.The program is sponsored by Microsoft. |
B.Next year, the awards ceremony will be held in New York City. |
C.Any high school or college student can attend the finals. |
D.The initial purpose of the program is to solve world problems using technology. |
A.The UN offers great help to the program. |
B.Microsoft sets up a library for the students who want to achieve their goals. |
C.IGOs, NGOs and nonprofits also provide help for the students. |
D.Microsoft takes effective measures to inspire the students. |
A. Abandoned | B.Supported | C.Drove away | D.Overturned |
A.They want to replace Bluetooth with Twitter. |
B.They want to combine Bluetooth with Twitter. |
C.They want to replace Twitter with Bluetooth. |
D.Twitter can still be used without the Internet. |