Question

  If you’ve ever seen the way dog people interacted with their pets,it comes as no surprise that there’s some germ-exchanging going on there. A new study indicates that dog ownership specifically may be one of the biggest single contributors to what kinds of microbes living on your skin.

A team of researchers led by Se Jin Song at the University of Colorado,Boulder,took swabs (化验标本) of the tongues,palms,forehead and faeces (排泄物) of members of 60 family households. Some of the families had children or household pets and some did not;dogs were the only pets swabbed.

  Researchers then analyzed the DNA of the bacteria they found to determine how diverse the bacteria populations were. Not surprisingly,family members who lived together had more bacteria in common than members of separate households. Bacteria on the skin were especially similar within households,probably because we pass microbes through the air,through direct contact,and via the surfaces we touch.

  The most surprising finding,however,was the large bacteria contribution Fidonad made. The skin bacteria of dog owners from different households were almost as similar as if they’d cohabited without a dog. Put another way,you and a friend across town who both own dogs share a skin ecosystem as alike as a married couple does.

  The reason for this appears to be that dogs harbor some kinds of bacteria that are rare on human skin. One in particular,a family of bacteria called Methylophilaceae,was abundant in the mouths of dogs sampled as well as the skin of their owners—indicating “a common occurrence of oral-skin transfer between dogs and their owners”，according to the results published in the journal Life.

(   ) 5. From the study,we know that    .

   A. some kinds of bacteria live on our skin because of dog ownership

   B. nobody finds it surprising that there should be some germ-exchanging between dogs and their owners

   C. only dog ownership contributes to the sort of microbes that live on our skin

   D. there would most probably be no microbe on our skin if it were not for dogs

(   ) 6. The research took the following factors into consideration EXCEPT    .

   A. varieties of swabs from members of 60 family households

   B. families with children or household pets

   C. families without children or household pets

   D. dogs being the only pets in the households

(   ) 7. Why did researchers analyze the DNA of the bacte ria they found?

   A. To search for the way microbes pass from one member of a family to another.

   B. To find out the exact number of the bacteria living on human skin and dog skin.

   C. To decide whether the bacteria were of the same kind or not.

   D. To prove that family members who lived together had the same bacteria as the members of separate households.

(   ) 8. What does this passage mainly tell us?

   A. It is unsafe to keep dogs because of microbes.

   B. How many kinds of bacteria live on people’s skin because of dog ownership.

   C. Dog ownership affects the kinds of microbes living on people’s skin.

   D. What are the similarities between people who keep dogs and those who don’t.

Answer 1

[文章大意]这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一个新的发现：养狗对于主人皮肤上生存的细菌以及与之相关的皮肤的生态有很大的影响。

5. A细节理解题。由文章第一段中的"A new study indicates that dog ownership specifically may be one of the biggest sin?gle contributors to what kinds of microbes living on your skin."可知，寄居在我们身体上的一些细菌是由于养狗造成的。选项关键词为：live on our skin,dog ownership。

6. D细节理解题。用排除法。由第二段的"…took swabs (化验标本) of the tongues,palms,forehead and faeces (排泄物) of members of 60 family households. Some of the families had children or household pets and some did not：…”可知，在研究中所考虑的因素正好对应选项中的前三项，由此可知选D.

7. C细节理解题。题干关键词为：analyze the DNA of the bac?teria they found„由第三段的第一句话可知，分析他们发现的细菌的DNA是为了判断这些细菌的多样性。选项C中的"decide"对应原文中的"determine";"of the same kind or not" 对应原文的"diverse",

8. C主旨大意题。这是一篇科普类文章，讲述的是一个新的研究发现。该类型的文章通常在文章的开篇点题。第一段的最后一句话揭示了文章.的主题：养狗对于生活在人皮肤上的细菌的影响。下文对这一发现的过程进行了详细的介绍。