题目内容

6.Long ago,sailors sailed to faraway places without the ability to rely on modern instruments to lead the way.Still,many were able to sail across vast,uncharted oceans and arrive at their destinations safely.Why didn't more sailors get lost at sea?What kinds of equipment did they use to find their way?
In early sailing history,few maps were available.Sailors had to rely on memory and on written guides called pilot books.Pilot books offered sailors information about how long it took to get to certain ports and instructions about getting in and out of the ports.Pilot books did not offer much information about sailing far from land.
Later,sailors used maps,charts,and information from other explorers to plan their trips.Early maps and charts offered descriptions of islands and coastlines tht helped sailors navigate.Experienced sailors learned where harbors,fresh water,supplies,and riendly people might be found.They were also able to warn others about dangers.Some of the early navigation practices and equipment used on these ships proved to be quite trustworthy.Early sailors used a tool called the astrolabe (星盘) to figure out the positions of stars and the sun to determine their location.For centuries,sailors planned their routes,sailed,and recorded their progress using the North Star as their only reference.They also used patterns of wind and waves as directional clues.Even though ocean waves may look the same to inexperienced eyes,they have different shapes related to the depth of the ocean and their closeness to land.Sailors even found a way that clouds and seabirds could help them.
The sailors of yesterday relied heavily on their observations and studies of the sea.Although their techniques were simple,they were able to achieve great things during their adventures at sea.
28.According to the text,pilot booksA.
A.are maps charted by other sailors   
B.are guides written by other sailors
C.offer descriptions of islands and ports  
D.offer information about sailing far away
29.We know from the text that early explorers and sailorsD.
A.established the shipping network    
B.invented many modern sailing tools
C.could locate all the ports and islands  
D.shared information and offered warnings
30.What is Paragraph 4mainly about?D
A.How early sailors found their way.
B.The importance of early navigation.
C.The difficulty of sailing far from land.
D.What arly sailors found on their journeys.
31.What's the author's attitude towards the sailors of yesterday?C
A.Objective.
B.Sympathetic.
C.Praiseworthy.
D.Regretful.

分析 本文主要写了古代航海在没有现在技术的情况下寻到了各种航海的方法.

解答 28.A 细节理解题.根据文中句子Sailors had to rely on memory and on written guides called pilot books可见这种书是由其他的水手绘制的,所以答案选A.
29.D推理判断题.根据句子Experienced sailors learned where harbors,fresh water,supplies,and riendly people might be found.They were also able to warn others about dangers.可见有经验的水手的经验都是后人航海的借鉴,他们的这些东西都是共享的,所以答案选D.
30.D 主旨大意题.通过段落内容可知本段主要写了早期的水手在他们旅途中的各种发明,所以答案选D.
31.C 写作态度题.根据文章最后一段Although their techniques were simple,they were able to achieve great things during their adventures at sea.
尽管他们的技术很简单,但他们在海上冒险时却能实现伟大的成就,可以看出作者对于古代的航海是一种值得赞扬的,所以答案选C.

点评 阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力,要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系,对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断;或根据作者所阐述的观点理论,对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释.考生首先要仔细阅读短文,完整了解信息,准确把握作者观点.

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B.draw people's attention to the evening news
C.college students get along well with others
D.develop strong neighborhood relationships
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A.offer as much knowledge as TV does   
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C.should be made into films            
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C.used to be a lot of fun                
D.is not worth living
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A.The future of television   
B.Turning off TV:a quiet hour
C.Saying goodbye to television   
D.Effects of television on humans.
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38.A.fromB.forC.onD.during
39.A.whenB.whichC.whatD.whether
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42.A.turnB.changeC.burnD.fail
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44.A.similarB.differentC.familiarD.terrible
45.A.onceB.untilC.unlessD.before
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New research shows long-term sleep loss cannot be cured that easily.Scientists researched the effects of short-and long-term sleep loss and found that those who suffer long-term sleep loss may function normally soon after waking up,but experience steadily slower reaction times as the day goes by,even if they had tried to catch up the previous night.
The research has important safety significances in an increasingly busy society,not just for shift-workers but for the roughly one in six Americans who regularly get six hours or less of sleep a night.
"We know that staying awake 24 hours without sleep will affect your performance to do all sorts of things,and this effect equals to drinking too much when driving,"said lead researcher Dr.Daniel Cohen of Boston's Brigham and Women's Hospital.But when those who suffer long-term sleep loss become all-nighters,"the harm is increased ten times,"Cohen said.
The National Institutes of Health says adults need seven hours to nine hours of sleep for good health.Regularly getting too little sleep increases the risk of health problems,including memory impairment and a weakened immune system.More immediately,too little sleep affects reaction times; sleepiness is to blame for car crashes and other accidents.
It has critically important complicated and unexpected results for anyone who works"crazy hours"and thinks they are performing fine with a few hours of weeknight sleep,said Harris,director at New York's Montefiore Medical Center."Don't think you can just bank up your sleep on the weekend,because it doesn't work that way,"he warned.
61.The text mainly advises peopleC.
A.to sleep more time                         
B.to sleep in on Saturday
C.to sleep scientifically                     
D.to sleep little on weekend
62.People with long-term sleep lossB.
A.are quicker in thinking                   
B.may feel refreshed soon after waking up
C.are surely energetic                        
D.can have a strong sense of security
63.What can we learn from the text?B
A.Most of the Americans get six hours or less of sleep a night.
B.Staying up is worse for those who suffer long-term sleep loss.
C.Traffic accidents have little to do with sleepiness.
D.One in six Americans are all-nighters.
64.Which of the following is the immediate effect of long-term sleep loss?C
A.Health problems                            
B.Immune system
C.Reaction times                              
D.Memory impairment
65.The underlined phrase"bank up"in the last paragraph most probably meansA.
A.pile up      B.pick up      C.add up               D.build up.

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