题目内容

Hospital staff burst into cheers after doctors completed a 20-hour operation to have _______

one-year-old twins at the head.

A. removed B. divided C. separated D. produced

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While it may be unlikely for a computer to write a best seller, a technology expert has created a computer program that writes its own fiction stories with minimal user input. The program, called MEXICA, is the first to generate original stories based on computerized representations of emotions and tensions between characters.

An Internet survey was carried out to see the popularity of the computer-generated stories, other computerized stories and stories written solely by a human. The result was that readers ranked MEXICA stories highest for flow and coherence, structure, content, suspense and overall quality. Rafael Pérezy Pérez, the creator of MEXICA, explained that a story might begin with something as basic as, “The enemy wounded the knight. The princess cured the knight. The knight killed the enemy. The knight rewarded the princess. The end.”

The program reads characters as variables (变量) and assigns a numerical value, between a continuum (连续体) from -3 to +3, to emotional connections that are defined as either amorous or non-amorous. The numerical value is equivalent to the degree of emotion, with -3 being intense hate and +3 being intense love. The program also understands story tension, such as linking the word “wounded” with tension. This too is assigned a numerical value.

Once these clusters of emotional links and tensions are established, the program begins what is called an “engagement reflection cycle”. Basically this involves searching a database of story actions and other happenings, which are called “atoms”, and determines the best match for the characters and contexts for that moment.

The process repeats itself again and again until the system can no longer make any matches. At this point, the computer analyzes the story for coherence and “interestingness”. The program views a story as interesting when tension levels increase and fall throughout the piece. If the program finds that the story is boring or incoherent in places, it will replace or insert atoms until a version is thought to be satisfactory.

1.What can we know about MEXICA from the passage?

A. It is a computer program that can write fiction stories on its own.

B. It is a computer program created by Rafael Pérezy Pérez.

C. It is blamed for low quality among many other descriptors.

D. The stories it has written is not very popular among readers.

2.What is basically needed for MEXICA to start to write a story?

A. The beginning and the end of the story should be provided.

B. The background of the story needs to be keyed in.

C. The human operator should come up with a simple storyline.

D. Emotions and tensions between characters should be determined.

3.How does the computer system describe the characters in its story?

A. Characters in the story are given different numerical values.

B. Characters are developed according to the tension preset.

C. Characters are designed by using the language MEXICA can understand.

D. Each character is valued for its value in the construction of the story.

4.What are “atoms” understood by the computer system?

A. The tensions preset for the story.

B. The characters designed for the story.

C. Episodes of action of the story.

D. Events becoming of the characters.

It was once common to regard Britain as a society with class distinction. Each class had unique characteristics.

In recent years, many writers have begun to speak the ‘decline of class’ and ‘classless society’ in Britain. And in modern day consumer society everyone is considered to be middle class.

But pronouncing the death of class is too early. A recent wide-ranging society of public opinion found 90 percent of people still placing themselves in particular class; 73 percent agreed that class was still a vital part of British society; and 52 percent thought there were still sharp class differences. Thus, class may not be culturally and politically obvious, yet it remains an important part of British society. Britain seems to have a love of stratification.

One unchanging aspect of a British person's class position is accent. The words a person speaks tell her or his class. A study of British accents during 1970s found that a voice sounding like a BBC newsreader was viewed as the most attractive voice. Most people said this accent sounded ‘educated’ and ‘soft’. The accents placed at the bottom in this study, on the other hand, were regional（地区的）city accents. These accents were seen as ‘common’ and ‘ugly’. However, a similar study of British accents in the US turned these results upside down and placed some regional accents as the most attractive and BBC English as the least. This suggests that British attitudes towards accent have deep roots and are based on class prejudice.

In recent years, however, young upper middle-class people in London, have begun to adopt some regional accents, in order to hide their class origins. This is an indication of class becoming unnoticed. However, the 1995 pop song ‘Common People’ puts forward the view that though a middle-class person may ‘want to live like common people' they can never appreciate the reality of a working-class life.

1.A recent study of public opinion shows that in modern Britain ________.

A. it is time to end class distinction

B. most people belong to middle class

C. it is easy to recognize a person’s class

D. people regard themselves socially different

2.The word stratification in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ________.

A. variety B. division C. authority D. qualification

3.British attitudes towards accent _________.

A. have a long tradition

B. are based on regional status

C. are shared by the Americans

D. have changed in recent years

4.What is the main idea of the passage?

A. The middle class is expanding

B. A person’s accent reflects his class

C. Class is a key part of British society

D. Each class has unique characteristics.

Paper produced every year is the world’s production of vehicles.

A. the three weight of

B. three times the weight of

C. as three times heavy as

D. three times as heavier as

When a piece of ice is taken into a warm room, it will become smaller and smaller, until in the end it completely.

A. is disappeared B. will disappear

C.is disappearing D. disappears

---Let’s go to the park tomorrow morning.

---Sorry, I’ve got an important appointment at 9 o’clock and I can’t _______ to miss it.

A. manage B. help C. wait D. afford

The word tolerance is widely used in liberal democracies. It indicates a positive meaning. Politicians urge us to be tolerant towards minorities. Educators teach us to be tolerant towards the other. The press is full of references to the need to display tolerance when faced with individuals or groups espousing a different view or holding a different religious belief. A tolerant society is an objective sought after by anyone who believes in the values of democracy. A tolerant individual is attributed with virtuous qualities.

The question we must ask is whether we have been using the word tolerance fully aware of its meaning and whether we have applied it correctly to reflect what we really wish to convey?

The word tolerance means to bear, or to bear with. If I tolerate something or someone, I basically say that I am ready to bear it or him. I can tolerate a bad smell or a noisy neighbour. The act of toleration forces me to desist from conveying my objection to the existence of a phenomenon, which I find difficult to bear. A bad smell or a noisy neighbour is considered by me to be an objectionable phenomenon. By tolerating either of them, I am not transforming the bad smell or the noisy neighbour into positive phenomena. Let's be honest: I don't have a different taste when it comes to bad smells. I simply dislike it and wish that it disappears. I don't respect the noisy neighbour. I would rather have him stop at once the noise he is making so I can live in peace.

To try to remove the bad smell or take reasonable action in order for the noisy neighbour to stop bothering me would most probably not be considered an intolerant act by most people.

Now, let's try to apply the word tolerance in reference to a person who is law-abiding and holds a legally acceptable different view from my own. I may have a strong view, which is opposed to his. Quite frankly, I may decide to tolerate his view. By so doing, I would be attributing to it a negative characteristic. I would apply the same attitude to his view as to the bad smell or noisy neighbour. Thus, to try to take action in order to make his view disappear would be considered an intolerant act. To tolerate his view the way I would a bad smell or a noisy neighbour, could hardly be considered virtuous.

The subject tolerating is by nature not equal to the object being tolerated. If I tolerate you, I essentially say that I am above you and am prepared, although unwillingly, to bear with your presence or with your practices or opinions. That may be true in the case of an individual who is ready to tolerate the other. However, this attitude by such an individual, though empirically true, is hardly a virtue. Certainly, the fact that an individual, in reality, may merely tolerate the other or his opinion does not justify a government or any official authority promoting tolerance as a virtue. One cannot tolerate an equal being. True equality involves respect, not toleration. To respect the other as a distinctive person is hardly to tolerate him. This is the true meaning of equality: diversity existing in a mutually-respectful socio-legal setting.

The danger with tolerance is that it can lead to the acceptance of individuals or groups bent on destroying the foundations of democratic systems. We have seen such cases with regard to political parties or destructive religious groups that have been treated in a liberal manner under the guise of tolerance.

A tolerant attitude involves the grant of a favour, not a right. The question we should ask ourselves is whether we would ever wish a parliament to make laws according to us, as individuals and as part of a collective entity or a permission to pursue certain actions interpreted as a favour rather than a right? Indeed, would we ever wish anyone to listen to our views and accept us the way we are simply because he is kind enough to tolerate us?

1. The first two paragraphs are mainly intended to show that __________.

A. tolerance is a symbol of liberal democracies

B. democratic society always advocates tolerance

C. people’s understanding of tolerance is one-sided

D. tolerance can be applied to many situations

2. The example of a bad smell and a noisy neighbour is raised to indicate that _________.

A. the writer are fed up with them

B. most people find them hard to tolerate

C. the writer isn’t prejudiced against them

D. tolerating them isn’t a virtuous act

3.Which of the following will the writer probably agree with?

A. Too much tolerance will endanger the foundations of democratic systems.

B. By tolerating people can transform something negative into the opposite.

C. People tolerating others are likely to consider them as their equals.

D. Being tolerant should be regarded as a right instead of a favour

4.The best title for this passage should be “___________”.

A. Tolerance and respect B. What is to be tolerated?

C. Is Tolerance a Virtue? D. Should people be tolerant?

语法填空

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

One day a young man was walking along the road 1. he heard a cry. It seemed to be coming from underneath a bridge. As he approached the bridge, the sound got 2. (loud) and then he saw 3. pitiful sight. There, lying in the muddy riverbed was a little dog about two months old, 4. front legs were tightly tied with ropes. It had wounds on its head and 5. (cover) with mud.

The young man wanted to help the dog, 6. as he approached, the dog started to bark. The young man did not give up. He sat down and started 7. (gentle) talking to the dog. It took a long time but eventually the dog 8. (stop) barking and the man was able to touch it. The young man carried the dog home, cared for its wounds, and gave it food and water. Even with all of this, the dog was still 9. (friend) every time the young man approached. But the young man did not give up. Weeks went by and the man continued attending to the dog. Then one day, as the young man approached, the dog wagged its tail.

It was consistent love and kindness 10._won a lifelong friendship of loyalty.

Guide to Stockholm University Library

Our library offers different types of studying places and provides a good studying environment.

Zones

The library is divided into different zones. The upper floor is a quiet zone with over a thousand places for silent reading, and places where you can sit and work with your own computer. The reading places consist mostly of tables and chairs. The ground floor is the zone where you can talk. Here you can find sofas and armchairs for group work.

Computers

You can use your own computer to connect to the wi-fi specially prepared for notebook computers; you can also use library computers, which contain the most commonly used applications, such as Microsoft Office. They are situated(位于) in the area known as the Experimental Field on the ground floor.

Group-study places

If you want to discuss freely without disturbing others, you can book a study room or sit at a table on the ground floor. Some study rooms are for 2-3 people and others can hold up to 6-8 people. All rooms are marked on the library maps.

There are 40 group-study rooms that must be booked via the website. To book, you need an active University account and a valid University card. You can use a room three hours per day, nine hours at most per week.

Storage of Study Material

The library has lockers for students to store course literature. When you have got at least 40 credits(学分), you may rent a locker and pay 400 SEK for a year’s rental period.

Rules to be Followed

Mobile phone conversations are not permitted anywhere in the library. Keep your phone on silent as if you were in a lecture and exit the library if you need to receive calls.

Please note that food and fruit are forbidden in the library, but you are allowed to have drinks and sweets with you.

1.The library’s upper floor is mainly for students to __________.

A. read in a quiet place

B. have group discussions

C. take comfortable seats

D. get their computers fixed

2. Library computers on the ground floor __________.

A. help students with their field experiments

B. contain software necessary for schoolwork

C. are for those who want to access the wi-fi

D. are mostly used for filling out application forms

3.What condition should be met to book a group-study room?

A. A group must consist of 8 people

B. Three-hour use per day is the minimum

C. One should first register (注册) at the university

D. Applicants must mark the room on the map

4.A student can rent a locker in the library if he __________.

A. can afford the rental fee

B. attends certain courses

C. has nowhere to put his books

D. has earned the required credits

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