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【题目】What makes a person a giver or a taker? The idea of “give versus take” takes shape in all relationships of our lives. We're either giving advice, making time for people, or we're on the receiving end. We alternate between the two based on different situations we face on a daily basis, it not an hourly one.

According to Adam Grant, a professor at Pennsylvania University, most people are matchers. They make careful observations on takers and make it a point for them to pay something back. They hate to see people who act so generously towards others without receiving any reward. Actually, most matchers will try to promote and support givers so that they can get the good they deserve.

Another professor named Hannah Rile Bowles, from Harvard University, led a study on the idea. She asked 200 senior managers to sit down in pairs where one person would act as the boss and the other as an employee to negotiate salary promotions. Male employees asked for an average salary of $146 k while the females asked for only $141 k. But why did they not bargain as hard as the men? Simply because they were more likely to be givers.

As a woman, I do enjoy the act of giving up my time, my knowledge and my care and attention to others. I don't expect anything in return, but I do tend to pull myself away when I feel like I'm being taken for granted. I also tend to get upset when I see a loved one's continuous actions of kindness go unnoticed. So it's safe to say I'm 50% giver,35% matcher and 15% taker.

I do know someone, however, who is 99% giver. They’re devoting their time, sharing valuable insights and going out of their way for everyone who crosses their path. Although they've changed the lives of many people, they rarely see any of it returned. But the universe is slowly repaying them; they’re now extremely successful, well known for what they do.

【1】In Adam Grant’s opinion, most people .

A. prefer giving to taking

B. prefer taking to giving

C. tend to depend on others

D. tend to balance between giving and taking

【2】What does the underlined part in Paragraph 4 most probably mean?

A. Cheer myself up. B. Give up on myself.

C. Stay away deliberately. D. Force myself to move forward.

【3】What can be inferred from the last paragraph?

A. No good deed goes undone.

B. People who give are worth respecting.

C. Giving is the shortest path to success.

D. Sharing is the greatest human quality.

【答案】

【1】D

【2】C

【3】A

【解析】本文属于议论文，首先提出问题：是什么让一个人成为一个给予者或索取者？接着引用Adam的观点：大多数人都处在给予和索取的中间地带，然后一位哈佛大学的教授调查发现女子比男子更有可能是给予者，接着作者表明自己作为一名女子是50%的给予者，15%的索取者，最后告诉我们善有善报。

【1】细节理解题，根据第二段“According to Adam Grant, a professor at Pennsylvania University, most people are matchers.”，可知，Adam Grant认为大多数的人都处在给予者和索取者之间，故选D.

【2】词义理解题，根据倒数第二段“I don't expect anything in return, but I do tend to pull myself away when I feel like I'm being taken for granted.”，由but可判断前后两句有转折的意思：我不期望有回报，但当我的做法被当作理所当然的存在的时候，我会……根据选项，只有C（故意离开），符合句意，故选C.

【3】推理判断题，最后一段主要告诉我们有一些人是99%的给予者，他们确实为他人奉献了自己的很多东西，但很少看到回报，不过这个世界会公平对待每一个人，现在的他们已经非常成功。所以A选项：善有善报，是对的，故选A.

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【题目】根据短文理解，选择正确答案。
A girl became a volunteer in the activities of Deathbed Care, which meant visiting and taking care of a patient suffering from an incurable disease with days numbered.
The girl was assigned to look after an old man suffering from cancer whose children lived abroad. Their living conditions were not satisfactory while the old man had a lot of savings. She was expected to comfort him and keep up his spirits.
Every Saturday the girl came on time to keep him company, telling him stories. When he was having an intravenous drip (静脉滴注), she would help massage his arms. The doctor found the patient much improved mentally. The old man began to involve himself actively in the medical treatment and he seldom shouted at others.
But something that happened made the doctor uneasy and puzzled. Each time the girl left, the old man would give her some money. The doctor did nothing to interfere (干涉), unwilling to offend the old man. A month later the old man showed evident signs of decline after suffering coma (昏迷) a few times.
When rescued from the latest coma, the old man told the doctor his last wish, “I have deep sympathy for the girl. Will you be kind enough to help her finish her studies？”
But the doctor knew that her family was welloff and she had no difficulty pursuing her studies. Sometimes she even came to the hospital in her father's car.
When the girl came at the weekend after the death of the old man, the doctor told her the bad news. She was very sad and burst into tears. Then she handed $ 500 to the doctor, saying, “The old man had all along thought I came to do the job because of poverty. He gave me money so that I could continue my schooling.” Now he got the answer to the puzzle. In the last period of his life, the old man found it a real pleasure to be able to help a girl badly in need.
（1）If you're a volunteer in the activities of Deathbed Care, what kind of people do you have to look after ?
A.The patients in need of help.
B.The people suffering from cancer.
C.The patients without many days left.
D.The people suffering from diseases.
（2）What can we infer about the old man?
A.He had a lot of savings.
B.He was suffering from cancer.
C.He often lost his temper before meeting the girl.
D.He asked the doctor to help the girl finish her study.
（3）What can we know from the passage?
A.The doctor told the old man the truth.
B.The old man's children were wealthy.
C.The girl's father encouraged her to accept the money.
D.The girl didn't accompany the old man when he died.
（4）What is the real reason resulting in the old man's mental improvement?
A.The girl's comfort and care.
B.The pleasure of being helpful to people in need.
C.People's understanding.
D.His children's progress.

【题目】There are many debates about【1】to allow cell phones in school.Cell phones have benefits,but they also provide disadvantages.

【2】(cheat) in school has increased to 75 percent since 1940s.Technology has helped to increase this number and half of students say they don't think cheating with cell phones is【3】(difficulty).With built-in cameras,cell phones enable students【4】(take)a picture of tests and answers.Then,students can send those【5】(picture) to the others.Texting is another way to cheat.Smart phones also have access to the Internet,and students can find answers 【6】(they).

Cell phones in school also make teens seldom communicate with others face to face.Even at lunch time a cell phone【7】(allow)a student to listen to music instead of talking with friends.

Cell phones provide new tools in teaching,【8】is more likely to make students absentminded.【9】most obvious is the ringing at wrong times.Because texting is【10】(believe)immediate,you can also use a cell phone to carry on a dialog in the middle of class.

【题目】根据短文理解，选择正确答案。
Have you ever run into a careless cell phone user on the street? Perhaps they were busy talking, texting or checking updates on WeChat without looking at what was going on around them. As the number of this new “species” of human has kept rising, they have been given a new name — phubbers（低头族）.
Recently, a cartoon created by students from China Central Academy of Fine Arts put this group of people under the spotlight. In the short film, phubbers with various social identities bury themselves in their phones. A doctor plays with his cell phone while letting his patient die, a pretty woman takes selfie in front of a car accident site, and a father loses his child without knowing about it while using his mobile phone. A chain of similar events eventually leads to the destruction of the world.
Although the ending sounds overstated the damage phubbing can bring is real.
Your health is the first to bear the effect and result of it. “Constantly bending your head to check your cell phone could damage your neck,” Guangming Daily quoted doctors as saying. “the neck is like a rope that breaks after long-term stretching.” Also, staring at cell phones for long periods of time will damage your eyesight gradually, according to the report.
But that's not all. Being a phubber could also damage your social skills and drive you away from your friends and family. At reunions with family or friends, many people tend to stick to their cell phones while others are chatting happily with each other and this creates a strange atmosphere, Qilu Evening News reported.
It can also cost you your life. There have been lots of reports on phubbers who fell to their death, suffered accidents, and were robbed of their cell phones in broad daylight.
（1）For what purpose does the author give the example of a cartoon in Paragragh2?
A.To inform people of the bad effects of phubbing.
B.To advertise the cartoon made by students.
C.To indicate the world will finally be destroyed by phubbers.
D.To warn doctors against using cell phones while treating patients.
（2）Which of the following is NOT a risk a phubber may have?
A.His social skills could be affected.
B.His neck and eyesight will be gradually harmed.
C.He will cause the destruction of the world.
D.He might get separated from his friends and family.
（3）Which of the following may be the author's attitude towards phubbing?
A.Supportive.
B.Negative.
C.Optimistic.
D.Objective.
（4）What may the passage talk about next?
A.Advice on how to use a cell phone.
B.People addicted to phubbing.
C.Results of phubbing.
D.Measures to reduce the risks of phubbing.

【题目】根据短文理解，选择正确答案。
Dear John,
My name is Amber and I want to share my story with you because what you've shared about life and positive energy has changed my life. This past year has been one of the hardest for me. I felt I was stuck in a position that had nothing to do with what I wanted to do with my life. In January, after two years of being together, my boyfriend left me.
I read your blog every morning as I drink my coffee at work, but it wasn't until this March that I told myself "no more negativity" as you taught readers in your blog.
Since then I've got into new habits at work to keep my energy positive. When people walk in the front door, I'm the first face they see, so I smile big when I say "good morning" to them, especially on Mondays. Instead of waiting for someone to ask me for help, I offer it with an open mind. The CEO noticed my change and offered me the executive assistant position that I wanted.
One of the biggest things I've taken to heart from your blog is changing my opinions on my job. Yes, it was not an important position, but when I was passionate （热情的） about it, I could make my life fulfilling.
All in all, I have to thank you somehow for having the passion to help others because it truly is inspiring to me. So thank you so much, John. My life has changed because your words pointed me in the right direction, Take care!
Sincerely ,
Amber
（1）Amber wrote the letter mainly to______
A.introduce herself to John
B.talk about her bad year
C.ask for some advice
D.express her thanks
（2）We can infer from the passage that Amber______
A.didn't like her boyfriend
B.spent a lot of time online
C.wasn't satisfied with her job
D.received very good education
（3）What is implied about John in the letter?
A.He is a very famous writer.
B.He used to live a very negative life.
C.He doesn't like sharing his life stories.
D.He likes helping others through writing positive blogs.
（4）What does Amber's change tell us?
A.Practice makes perfect.
B.Bad luck doesn't exist long.
C.A positive attitude is rewarding.
D.A friend in need is a friend indeed.

【题目】根据短文理解，选择正确答案。
Men are spending more and more time in the kitchen encouraged by celebrity (名人) chefs like Gordon Ramsay and Jamie Oliver, according to a report from Oxford University.
The effect of the celebrity role models, who have given cooking a more manly picture, has combined with a more general drive towards sexual equality and men now spend more than twice the amount of time preparing meals than they did in 1961.
According to the research by Prof. Jonatahn Gershuny, who runs the Centre for Time Research at Oxford, men now spend more than half an hour a day cooking, up from just 12 minutes a day in 1961.
Prof. Gershuny said, “The man in the kitchen is part of a much wider social trend. There has been 40 years of sexual equality, but there is another 40 years probably to come.”
Women, who a generation ago spent nearly two hours a day cooking, now spend just one hour and seven minutes—a great fall, but they still spend far more time in the kitchen than men.
Some experts have named these men in aprons as “Gastrosexuals (men using cooking skills to impress friends)”, who have been inspired to pick up a kitchen knife by the success of Ramsay, Oliver as well as other male celebrity chefs such as Hugh Fearnley-Whittingstall, Marco Pierre White and Keith Floyd.
“I was married in 1974. When my father came to visit me a few weeks later, I was wearing an apron when I opened the door. He laughed,” said Prof. Gershuny. “That would never happen now.”
Two-thirds of adults say that they come together to share at least three times a week, even if it is not necessarily around a kitchen or dining room table. Prof. Gershuny pointed out that the family meal was now rarely eaten by all of its members around a table—with many “family meals” in fact taken on the sofa in the sitting room, and shared by family members. “The family meal has changed a lot, and few of us eat—as I did when I was a child—at least two meals a day together as a family. But it has survived in a different format.”
（1）What is one reason behind the trend that men spend more time cooking than before?
A.The improvement of cooks' status.
B.The influence of popular female chefs.
C.The change of female's view on cooking.
D.The development of sexual equality campaign.
（2）What does the author think about the time men and women spend on cooking?
A.Men spend more time cooking than women nowadays.
B.Women spend much less time on cooking than before.
C.It will take 40 years before men spend more time at the stove than women.
D.There is a sharp decline in the time men spend on cooking compared with 1961.
（3）How did Prof. Gershuny see the family meal according to the passage?
A.It has become a thing of the past.
B.It is very different from what it used to be.
C.It shouldn't be advocated in modern times.
D.It is beneficial to the stability of the family.
（4）Which is the best title for the passage?
A.The Changes of Family Meals
B.Equality between Men and Women
C.Cooking into a New Trend for Men
D.Cooking—a Thing of the Past for Women

【题目】根据短文理解，选择正确答案。
Your next car might drive itself. After years of trials on city streets, driverless vehicles are now nearing the live phase. Last moth, a driverless bus began carrying passengers through Lyon, France, Most in the automobile industry think self-driving vehicles will be on the road by 2020 or before.
Driverless cars will at first be huddled with human-driven cars. But the first places where they will become dominant（统治的）are dense urban areas — precisely the spots most damaged by the automobile age. Many advanced cities are already reducing the role of human-driven cargo. Driverless cars will quicken that process and will bring us enormous benefits.
Driverless cars will reduce accidents by around 90 percent. That's big—the annual death toll on the world's roads is about 1.2 million a year. Pollution and carbon emissions will drop, because urban driverless cars will be electric. The old, otherwise they would stay at home most of the time and the disabled and teenagers will suddenly gain mobility.
On the other hand, driverless cars will bring catastrophe. The best thing about the automobile age was that it employed tens of millions of people to make, market, insure and drive vehicles. Over the next 20 years, the mostly low-skilled men who now drive trucks, taxis and buses will see their jobs reduced. Carmakers are especially scared. The few cars of the future might be made by tech companies such as Apple, Baidu and Google. Imaging the impact on Germany, where the automotive sector is the largest industry.
Dramatic change is coming, and driverless cars could arrive by 2020. But governments have barely begun thinking about it. Only 6 percent of the biggest US cities have factored them into their long-term planning.
A decade ago anyone hardly saw the Smartphone coming. It has bought an epidemic of mass addiction. Let's hope we do a better job of handling the driverless car.
（1）The underlined words “be huddled with” in Paragraph 2 can be replaced by ““.
A.show up
B.exist together
C.get rid of
D.take the place of
（2）Why can driverless cars reduce pollution and carbon emissions?
A.Driverless cars reduce the number of cars.
B.Driverless cars will be powered by electricity.
C.Driverless cars save fuel by driving themselves.
D.Driverless cars will reduce too many accidents.
（3）What's the author's attitude toward driverless cars?
A.Doubtful.
B.Negative.
C.Objective.
D.Worried.
（4）What can we know about driverless cars?
A.They will not hit the road until 2020.
B.They will only be used in urban areas.
C.They will not cause any road accident.
D.They aren't still seriously taken by leaders.

【题目】根据短文理解，选择正确答案。
The four theme parks below offer the most thrilling(刺激的)rides and attractions in the world.
Busch Gardens Williamsburg
Located(坐落)in Virginia, USA, this theme paprk has some of the highest-rated thrill rides in the world. The park's famous roller coasters include Apollo's Chariot, Alpengeist, Griffon, the Loch Ness Monster and Verbolten. The park also has thrilling water rides, rides for kids, other rides, shows, tours, animal exhibits and more. Divided into nine areas representing European countries, the park has won an award for the quality of its food.
Everland
One of the world's most popular theme parks, Everland is located in Yongin, Gyeonggi-do province, South Korea. The park has 40 thrill rides, including a world-famous wooden roller coaster, and many other attractions such as an hunting ride, a zoo, indoor and outdoor water parks, shows and more.
Blackpool Pleasure Beach
This Lancashire amusement park is one of the most visited theme parks in the United Kingdom. Among the park's 125 rides and attractions are the tallest and faster roller coaster in the U. K., a classic wooden roller coaster, a steel tower ride, the biggest indoor dark ride in the world, a host of rides for kids and more.
PortAventura World
Located on Spain's Costa Daurada, this park is divided into six themed areas. Five areas represent different locations including Polynesia, Mexico, the American West, China and the Mediterrancan. The sixth and newest area has a Sesame Street theme. The park has many rides and attractions suitable for visitors of all ages.
（1）What did Busch Gardens win an award for?
A.The highest thrill rides
B.Good quality of its food
C.A Sesame Street theme area
D.A host of thrilling water rides
（2）What will a visitor loving thrill and hunting rides probably choose?
A.Busch Gardens Williamsburg
B.Everland
C.Blackpool Pleasure Beach
D.PortAventura World
（3）What is unique to Blackpool Pleasure Beach?
A.It has a classic wooden roller coaster
B.It has the fastest roller coaster in the world
C.It has the biggest indoor dark ride in the world
D.It has attractions suitable for visitors of all ages
（4）Where is the theme park including a China area located in?
A.Virginia
B.Yongin
C.Lancashire
D.Costa Daurada

【题目】假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改句子，请你修改你同桌写的以下句子。每个句子都有一处错误，错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(Λ)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
①The function of smile is to show happiness and put people to ease.
②It is hard work as well as determination that have made him achieve everything he wanted.
③The actors in Disneyland brought much fun to the visitors, made them laugh happily.
④The boy's dream to take a trip to England has been come true.
⑤Body language makes possible for us to understand others better.
⑥Today most people around the world are more like to greet each other by shaking hands.
⑦To our great amuse, the kids performed on the stage in a funny way.
⑧News came from the school office which Fang Jianxun had been admitted to Tsinghua University．
⑨The detective novel is a attraction for me.
⑩Some parks are famous for traditional culture, other for showing the unique sights.

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