题目内容

假定你是李华，你的美国笔友David对你校开设的一些选修课（optional course）非常感兴趣，来信向你询问有关事宜。请根据以下内容提示给他写封回信。

1.选修课程包括：英语戏剧，模型制作（model making）等；

2.每门课程的优点；

3.你希望增加的课程及理由。

注意：1. 词数100左右；

2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

3. 开头语已为你写好，不计入总词数。

Dear David,

Looking forward to your reply.

Yours,

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假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

Dear Peter,

I have received your e-mail. I am very exciting at the good news that you have admitted into Harvard. First I’d like to offer my congratulation to you on your great success.

Since you know, I’m busy preparing for the College Entrance Examination. Day after day I work very hard but have to stay up later doing piles of papers. Therefore, I’m always feeling stressed out because of my efforts seem to be fruitless, which had made me upset and tired. Will you be kind enough to give some advice on how to do?

I would appreciate that if you could write back to me as soon as possible.

Yours,

Li Hua

I was born and raised in England in a culture where privacy and “keeping yourself to yourself” were valued traditions. Speaking to strangers was not encouraged. People were most hospitable(好客的) and friendly.

However, I have been lucky enough to spend some time in both Italy and the US, where I found traditions of hospitality and politeness to be very different.

I experienced Italian hospitality first－hand on a crowded railway carriage travelling, one afternoon, from Genoa to Florence. Sinking gratefully into an empty seat, I was scolded in rapid Italian by a gentleman who was returning to this seat－it had not been “spare” after all. I apologized in English, and got up to allow him back into the seat. The gentleman obviously had no understanding of the English language, but he, too, realized my genuine(真诚的) mistake. He smiled and gestured for me to remain in the seat, and he himself remained standing in the corridor for the remainder of the journey. The other occupants of the carriage smiled and nodded at me and made me feel quite welcome amongst them. I feel that if this had been in England, a foreigner who made a mistake would not always be so kindly treated.

Transport also featured in the differences I noticed between English and American culture. I flew to New York on a plane with mainly English passengers. We sat together in near silence. Nobody spoke to me nor, as I expected, to anyone else they did not know. They felt it was not polite to interrupt someone else's privacy. However, when I travelled across the United States, whether by plane or Greyhound bus, I was never short of conversation. Conversation was going on all around me and whoever sat next to me was happy to introduce themselves and ask me about myself. They obviously felt it would have been rude not to speak to another person, whether they were strangers or not.

1.What do we know about the occupants when the author was travelling in Italy?

A. They were all on the side of the gentleman.

B. They all laughed at the author for his mistake.

C. They would not bear a mistake like the author's in public.

D. They all showed their understanding of the author's mistake.

2.How does the author finally believes the Italian people are?

A. Cold. B. Rude. C. Helpful. D. Hospitable.

3.Why did English passengers sit in near silence according to the last paragraph?

A. They were too tired to speak to anyone.

B. They were all strangers to each other

C. Privacy was a valued tradition in England

D. Everybody was deeply lost in thought

4.What can be the best title for the text?

A. Different Ways of Hospitality and Politeness

B. My Unforgettable Travelling Experience Abroad

C. Co-understanding Each Other

D. The Importance of Privacy

“Inspector Sands to the control room, please.” If you ever hear that at a British train station, don’t panic. But you might appreciate knowing that this is a codeword meant to inform staff that there is an emergency somewhere in the building. The idea is to avoid causing alarm among commuters(通勤者), but still get the message out to those trained to deal with the problem.

The subject of secret codewords like this was raised this week on Reddit, and the discussion has attracted thousands of examples. But what codewords and signs are really out there in the wild?

A good place to start is hospital emergency codes. These are often colour-coded, and one health centre in Canada has published its list online. “Code red” announces a fire, “code white” indicates a violent person while “code black” means a bomb threat is active. It’s been reported that hospital staff sometimes refer to the morgue as “Rose Cottage”, in order to avoid upsetting relatives of a patient who has recently died.

“I can see very good reasons for having these codes,” says Paul Baker, a linguist at the University of Lancaster. “It may be that people are unsure when they’re giving the code so there’s no point upsetting members of the public.”

Not all codes are alphanumeric(字母数字混合的). Some are visual, intended to be hidden in plain sight. As BBC Future discovered earlier this year, many banknotes feature a specific pattern of dots placed there to prevent people from photocopying money. Many copiers and scanners are programmed to spot it.

And finally, the spray-painted squiggles(扭曲的线条) you see on pavements in towns and cities all over the world are codes understood by construction workers and engineers. For example, in UK, different colours are related to different types of cable or pipe. Blue meant a water system while yellow indicated gas lines and green labelled CCTV or data wiring.

All of these codes have a purpose — to avoid causing panic, to transmit subtle signals in social groups, or to provide technical information quickly and easily. “People don’t like secrets, do they?” says Baker. “There is a drive to have as much information as possible — we do live in the information age,” he adds.

1.The following are purposes of the secret codes except ________.

A. to avoid causing alarm and panic among the public

B. to send sensitive signals in social groups

C. to provide technical information quickly and easily

D. to make people believe you are wiser

2.The underlined word “morgue” in Para. 3 refers to the room in a hospital ________.

A. where patients are treated

B. where dead bodies are kept

C. where a patient has an operation

D. where a surgeon cuts open the patient in case of emergency

3.How many kinds of secret codes are mentioned in the passage?

A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5.

4.Which of the following could be the best title of the passage?

A. The Secret Codes You Probably don’t know

B. Where to Find the Codes

C. The Origin of Different Codes

D. Secrets in the Modern Society

The story of how I got my job was a funny one.

One day, I was _______ along a street to an interview when a yellow car suddenly _______ in. _______another car coming in the other _______, I had to brake hard and _______ another cyclist. We both fell, but _______ neither of us was hurt. I became _______ and cycled as fast as possible to the driver of the yellow car to tell him how I considered him. I told him what a bad _______I thought he was and that he was a(n) _______ to other people on the road. His face turned ________. I warned him not to drive ________ in the future so that everyone else could enjoy a long life.

I was in time for the ________. Having walked into the room, to my ________, I found one of the three interviewers ________ to be the driver of the yellow car. We looked at each other for a while, ________silent. Then I decided to look ________ the whole matter as a great joke! I ________ and told him that I talked much the last time we met and that this time it was turn for him to talk a great deal. Lost in thought for a while, he ________ that I was not going to say anything about his bad driving. The interview went________. Two days later, I received a letter offering me the job. I was pleased that the manager － the driver of the yellow car, didn’t ________ my rudeness to him. Through the experience, I find something that seems impossible at first turns out to be good.

1.A. cycling B. walking C. running D. driving

2.A. stopped B. cut C. passed D. waited

3.A. As B. For C. With D. By

4.A. condition B. position C. location D. direction

5.A. knocked B. bumped C. beat D. rushed

6.A. happily B. unfortunately C. luckily D. disappointedly

7.A. sorry B. excited C. nervous D. angry

8.A. driver B. worker C. cyclist D. boss

9.A. pity B. idiot C. risk D. fool

10.A. black B. white C. pale D. red

11.A. carelessly B. carefully C. slowly D. patiently

12.A. job B. interview C. meeting D. appointment

13.A. excitement B. joy C. anger D. astonishment

14.A. happened B. wanted C. seemed D. planned

15.A. making B. keeping C. breaking D. stopping

16.A. up B. at C. on D. into

17.A. laughed B. excused C. nodded D. calmed

18.A. hoped B. found C. heard D. wished

19.A. fast B. terribly C. well D. slowly

20.A. realize B. want C. know D. mind

Researchers in the psychology department at the University of California at Los Angeles(UCLA) have discovered a major difference in the way men and women respond to stress. This difference may explain why men are more likely to suffer from stress-related disorders.

Until now, psychological research has maintained that both men and women have the same “fight-or-flight” reaction to stress. In other words, individuals either react with aggressive behavior, such as verbal or physical conflict(“fight”), or they react by withdrawing from the stressful situation(“flight”). However, the UCLA research team found that men and women have quite different biological and behavioral responses to stress. While men often react to stress in the fight-or-flight response, women often have another kind of reaction which could be called “tend and befriend.” That is, they often react to stressful conditions by protecting and nurturing their young(“tend”), and by looking for social contact and support from others—especially other females (“befriend”).

Scientists have long known that in the fight-or-flight reaction to stress, an important role is played by certain hormones(激素) released by the body. The UCLA research team suggests that the female tend-or-befriend response is also based on a hormone. This hormone, called oxytocin, has been studied in the context of childbirth, but now it is being studied for its role in the response of both men and women to stress. The principal investigator, Dr. Shelley E. Taylor, explained that “animals and people with high levels of oxytocin are calmer, more relaxed, more social, and less anxious.” While men also secrete(分泌) oxytocin, its effects are reduced by male hormones.

In terms of everyday behavior, the UCLA study found that women are far more likely than men to seek social contact when they are feeling stressed. They may phone relatives or friends, or ask directions if they are lost.

The study also showed how fathers and mothers responded differently when they came home to their family after a stressful day at work. The typical father wanted to be left alone to enjoy some peace and quiet. For a typical mother, coping with a bad day at work meant focusing her attention on her children and their needs.

The differences in responding to stress may explain the fact that women have lower frequency of stress-related disorders such as high blood pressure or aggressive behavior. The tend-and-befriend regulatory(调节的) system may protect women against stress, and this may explain why women on average live longer than men.

1.Which of the following is true about oxytocin according to the passage?

A. Men have the same level of oxytocin as women do.

B. Oxytocin used to be studied in both men and women.

C. Both animals and people have high levels of oxytocin.

D. Oxytocin has more of an effect on women than on men.

2.What can be learned from the passage?

A. Male hormones help build up the body’s resistances to stress.

B. In a family a mother cares more about children than a father does.

C. Biological differences lead to different behavioral responses to stress.

D. The UCLA study was designed to confirm previous research findings.

3.Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?

A. How men and women suffer from stress

B. How men and women get over stress

C. How researchers overcome stress problems

D. How researchers handle stress-related disorder

One day, a professor entered the classroom and asked his students to prepare for a surprise test. They waited anxiously at their desks for the test to begin. The professor _______ the question papers, with the text facing down as usual._______ all the students got the papers, he asked them to _______ the page and begin. To everyone's surprise, there were no _______ , just a black dot (点) in the center of the page. The professor, seeing the expression on everyone's face, told them the following:

"I want you to write what you _______ there.”

The students,_______, got started on the inexplicable (令人费解的) task.

At the end of the class, the professor _______ all the answer papers and started reading each one of them aloud in front of all the students. All of them, with no _______, described the black dot, trying to explain its position in the middle of the sheet, etc. After all had been _______, the classroom was silent, the professor began to explain:

"I'm not going to grade this. I ________ wanted to give you something to think about. No one wrote about the ________ part of the paper. Everyone focused on the black dot, and the same happens in our ________. We have a white paper to observe and ________, but we always focus on the dark spots. Our life is a ________ given to us with love and care and we always have ________ to celebrate: nature renewing itself every day, our friends around us, the job that ________ our livelihood and the miracles we see every day.

________, we insist on focusing only on the dark spots: the health issues that bother us, the lack of money, the ________ relationship with colleagues(同事), the ________ with a friend, and etc.

The dark spots are very ________ compared to everything we have in our lives, but they are the ones that pollute our minds. "

1.A. pointed at B. turned up C. referred to D. handed out

2.A. Since B. After C. While D. Until

3.A. fold B. open C. turn D. use

4.A. questions B. choices C. exercises D. scores

5.A. remember B. imagine C. see D. study

6.A. confused B. frustrated C. curious D. serious

7.A. finished B. collected C. marked D. selected

8.A. excuse B. doubt C. explanation D. exception

9.A. read B. said C. returned D. answered

10.A. also B. even C. just D. finally

11.A. big B. black C. white D. beautiful

12.A. studies B. classrooms C. colleges D. lives

13.A. send B. enjoy C. keep D. show

14.A. present B. burden C. pressure D. lesson

15.A. festivals B. time C. freedom D. reasons

16.A. threatens B. provides C. ruins D. changes

17.A. Besides B. Therefore C. However D. Moreover

18.A. close B. strong C. special D. complex

19.A. disappointment B. contact C. satisfaction D. stay

20.A. dark B. small C. round D. dirty

1.He gets a good (薪水), but he always borrows money from his friends and never pays it back. (新概念2)

2.If you (犯下) a crime, you will surely get punishment.

3.We have an old musical (乐器). It is called a clavichord.. (新概念2)

4.You’re doing so well in Mathematics! I really (羡慕) you.

5.Mary’s parents _____________ (离婚) when she was six.

6.Scientists are very interested in e___________ (探索) space.

7.He is a g boy and often shares his breakfast with his classmates.

8.The Asia Art Festival has p__________ understanding and friendship between Asian countries.

9.They are all e in computer and surely know how to solve this kind of problem.

10.Chinese l____________ is a small box made of thin paper that you put a light inside as a decoration.

Terry was a middle-aged businessman. He was _____ in his business and often complained that he had been fooled by others. One day he told his wife he was _____ disappointed with the city that he had to _____.

So his family moved to another city. It was Saturday ____. When Terry and his wife were busily putting their things in their new home, the lights suddenly _____ and they were forced to stop work. Terry was sorry to have_____ to bring along some candles. Just then he heard light ____on his door.

“Who is it?” he wondered. Terry knew ______ else in the new city, and this was the moment he especially hated to be _____ He opened the door unwillingly. At the door was a little ____, shyly asking, “Sir, do you have _____? I’m your neighbor.” “No,” answered Terry angrily. He shut the door ____.

After a while the door was knocked again. He opened it and ____ the same little girl outside. But this time she was ____ two candles giving off red light. She said, “My grandma told me the____ neighbor downstairs might need candles. She sent me here to _____you these.”

At that moment Terry suddenly realized what ____ his failure in life. It was his ignorance and ____ to other people. The person who had fooled him in life was actually nobody else ____ himself, for his eyes had been covered by his ____ mind.

1.A. experienced B. unsuccessful C. interested D. lucky

2.A. very B. so C. such D. rather

3.A. leave B. travel C. stay D. choose

4.A. morning B. afternoon C. noon D. evening

5.A. went down B. went out C. went by D. went on

6.A. wanted B. decided C. forgotten D. remembered

7.A. knocks B. calls C. strikes D. sounds

8.A. everybody B. anybody C. somebody D. nobody

9.A. troubled B. followed C. liked D. learned

10.A. boy B. girl C. postman D. shopper

11.A. candies B. toys C. lights D. candles

12.A. easily B. worriedly C. happily D. heavily

13.A. found B. met C. touched D. knew

14.A. bringing B. seeing C. holding D. drawing

15.A. poor B. kind C. new D. young

16.A. buy B. give C. borrow D. sell

17.A. made B. caused C. developed D. stopped

18.A. laziness B. sadness C. unkindness D. unhappiness

19.A. besides B. except C. but D. than

20.A. open B. right C. warm D. cold

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