题目内容
【题目】Whatever our differences as human beings are, we all think we’re more like the rest of the animal world than we realize. It is said that we share 40 per cent of our genetic(遗传的)structure with the simple worm.
But that fact has helped Sir John Sulston win the 2002 Nobel Prize for Medicine. Sir John is the founder of the Sanger Institute in Cambridge, which was set up in 1992 to get further understanding of the human genome(染色体组).
To help them do this, they turned to the worm. The nematode(线虫类的)worm is one of the earliest creatures on planet earth. It is less than one millimeter long, completely transparent and spends its entire life digging holes through sand. But it still has lots to say about human life, and what can be done to make it better.
What the worm told Sir John and his colleagues was that each of cells in the human body is programmed like a computer. They grow, develop and die according to a set of instructions that are coded in our genetic make-up.
Many of the diseases that humans suffer from happen when these instructions go wrong or are not obeyed. When the cell refuses to die but carries on growing instead, this leads to cancer. Heart attacks and diseases like AIDS cause more cell deaths than normal, increasing the damage they do to the body. Sir John was the first scientist to prove the existence of programmed cell death.
【1】Sir John Sulston got a Nobel Prize for Medicine because he has .
A.found that human beings are similar to the worm
B.got the fact we share 40 per cent of our genetic structure with the simple worm
C.found the computer which controls each of the cells in the human body
D.proved that cell death is programmed
【2】People might be seriously ill if the cells in their body .
A.grow without being instructed
B.die regularly
C.fail to follow people’s instructions
D.develop in the human body
【3】The underlined word “they” (paragraph 5) refers to .
A.cell deaths B.diseases C.instructions D.cells
【4】What is the subject discussed in the text?
A.The theory of programmed cell deaths.
B.A great scientist—Sir John Sulston.
C.The programmed human life.
D.Dangerous diseases.
【答案】
【1】D
【2】A
【3】B
【4】A
【解析】
试题分析:本文主要介绍了Sir John所研究的编程性细胞死亡programmed cell deaths;并交代了Sir John的研究背景,并通过举例详细阐述了这一科学原理。
【1】D 细节理解题。根据文章最后一句Sir John was the first scientist to prove the existence of programmed cell death.可知Sir John是第一个证明编程性细胞死亡的人,他还因此获得了诺贝尔医学奖。
【2】A 推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句Many of the diseases that humans suffer from happen when these instructions go wrong or are not obeyed.可知当人体内的细胞没有按照指令生长的时候,人们就会患病。在最后一段中还接着以癌症和艾滋病为例证明了这一说法,说明不按照指导生产的细胞是人患病的主要原因。故A正确。
【3】B 词义猜测题。本题属于词义猜测题中的代词指代,根据本句Heart attacks and diseases like AIDS cause more cell deaths than normal, increasing the damage they do to the body.心脏病和艾滋病主要的疾病导致更多的细胞死亡,这增加了这些疾病对身体带来的破坏。所以本句中的they就指代前句中的Heart attacks and diseases like AIDS.故B正确。
【4】A 主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了Sir John所研究的编程性细胞死亡programmed cell deaths;并交代了Sir John的研究背景,并通过举例详细阐述了这一科学原理,CD的话题太大,B项不是本文主要内容。故A正确。
【题目】书面表达
假如你是学生会主席,请根据下面图表,用英语写一则关于春游的通知。
参加者 | 高中一、二年级的学生 |
活动内容 | 1.去博物馆看《人与自然》的展览。 2.参加龙山植物园。 |
集合地点 | 学校大门前 |
集合时间 | 1.3月28日上午乘校车前往; 2.早上七点集合,七点二十分开车。 |
注意事项 | 1.参观展览时保持安静;并认真记笔记,准备回来后讨论。 2.在山顶野餐,要自带午餐和饮料。 3.参加者在本周四前到学生会报名。 |
注意:
1.通知必须包括表内所列内容,可以适当调整内容的顺序和增加细节,使其连贯、完整。
2.词数:100左右。3.通知时间:3月20日
4.参考词汇:植物园the botanical garden; 学生会the Students' Union
【题目】根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。【1】: less red meat and more fiber, less saturated fat (饱和脂肪) and more fruit and vegetables, right? Wrong, according to a controversial new book by nutritionist Zoe Harcombe. In the book, Harcombe charts her careful journey of research into studies that underpin (巩固) dietary advice—and her myth(误区)-breaking conclusions are surprising.Myth:【2】.“Real fat is not bad for us,”says Harcombe.“It’s manmade fats we should be demonizing.”Why do we have this idea that meat is full of saturated fat? In a 100g pork chop, there is 2.3g of unsaturated fat and 1.5g of saturated fat.Myth: We should eat more fiber.For three decades, we have eaten fiber into our bodies to help us feel full and keep our digestive systems moving.“【3】”, says Harcombe.The advice to eat more fiber is put forward along with the theory that we need to clean our digestive systems. But essential minerals are absorbed from food while it is in the intestines (肠道), so why do we want to wash everything out? Concentrate on not putting bad foods in.Myth: You need to eat five portions of fruit and vegetables a day.“Fiveaday is the most well-known piece of nutritional advice,” says Harcombe.“You’d think it was based on firm evidence of health benefit.【4】.‘Fiveaday’started as a marketing campaign by 25 fruit and vegetable companies and the American National Cancer Institute in 1991.There was no evidence for any cancer benefit.”Myth: Fruit and vegetables are the most nutritious things to eat.Apparently not Harcombe allows that vegetables are a great addition to the diet—if served in butter to deliver the fat-soluble(dissolved) vitamins they contain—but natural sugar, the fruit sugar in fruit, goes straight to the liver and is stored as fat.“【5】”, says Harcombe, who adds “Vitamins and minerals in animal foods—meat, fish, eggs and dairy products—beat those in fruit hands down.”
A. Think again |
B. This is not a good idea |
C. Fat is bad for us |
D. Fruit is best avoided by those trying to lose weight |
E. Want to lose weight? Don’t trust these |
F. We need take more exercise |
G. We think we know what to eat |