The National Gallery

Description:

The National Gallery is the British national art museum built on the north side of Trafalgar Square in London. It houses a diverse collection of more than 2,300 examples of European art ranging from 13th-century religious paintings to more modern ones by Renoir and Van Gogh. The older collections of the gallery are reached through the main entrance while the more modern works in the East Wing are most easily reached from Trafalgar Square by a ground floor entrance

Layout:

The modern Sainsbury Wing on the western side of the building houses 13th- to 15th-century paintings, and artists include Duccio, Uccello, Van Eyck, Lippi, Mantegna, Botticelli and Memling.

The main West Wing houses 17th-century paintings, and artists include Leonardo da Vinci,Cranach, Michelangelo, Raphael, Bruegel, Bronzino, Titan and Veronese.

The North Wing houses 17th-century paintings, and artists include Caravaggio, Rubens, Poussin, Van Dyck, Velazquez, Claude and Vermeer.

The East Wing houses 18th- to early 20th-century paintings, and artists include Canaletto, Goya, Turner, Constable, Renoir and Van Gogh.

Opening Hours:

The Gallery is open every day from 10am to 6pm (Fridays 10am to 9pm) and is free, but charges apply to some special exhibitions.

Getting There:

Nearest underground stations: Charing Cross (2-minute walk), Leicester Square (3-minute walk), Embankment (7-minute walk), and Piccadilly Circus (8-minute walk).

1.In which century’s collection can you see religious paintings?

A. The 13th. B. The 17th.

C. The 18th. D. The 20th.

2. Where are Leonardo da Vinci’s works shown?

A. In the East Wing. B. In the main West Wing.

C. In the Sainsbury Wing. D. In the North Wing.

3.Which underground station is closest to the National Gallery?

A. Embankment. B. Leicester Square.

C. Piccadilly Circus. D. Charing Cross.

The Silver City Council recognizes that citizens have certain needs. To better meet your needs, we have made several changes to community facilities in 2014. The followings show how we have tried to make your life better.

Transport

☆Three stations for the suburbs have been added to the western train service.

☆20 new buses for the southern line were purchased in January.

☆50 per cent of city busstops have been upgraded.

Communication

☆Broadband cable is now available to all parts of the city.

☆All of the new Government buildings are smartwired for better computer service!

Medical Facilities

☆The new stateoftheart Nightingale Hospital was opened in June.

☆To overcome a shortage of trained medical staff at Dover Hospital, 10 doctors have been employed from overseas.

☆Some facilities at Station Street Hospital have been upgraded.

Education

☆Textbooks will be free to all primary students in 2014!

☆Rental for private schools has been reduced.

Protection and Security

☆Extra police now patrol(巡逻)the tourist areas.

☆50 new police officers graduated in July and have taken up duties in the city area.

Entertainment / Recreation

☆The new Central Community Building opened in May.

☆5,000 new fiction books were bought for the Silver City Library.

1.What is the purpose of the changes in Silver City?

A. To satisfy all the needs of the citizens.

B. To make public service improved.

C. To better the citizens’life.

D. To meet the needs of the Silver City Council.

2.What can we learn from the passage?

A. Travel books are provided in the new library.

B. More bus lines and stops are bought in Silver City.

C. Free medical treatment is available at Station Street Hospital.

D. There are more police officers on duty now.

3.The public notice is from _______.

A. the community B. the local government

C. the Silver City Library D. a travel agency

Parents might tell older children to “Act your age”. But some researchers say that is what persons from thirteen to nineteen years old are doing. While teenagers can look all grown up, studies have shown that their brains are still developing. How much this explains their behavior, though, is a subject of debate.

Jay Giedd of America’s National Institutes of Health is a leader in this area of research. Doctor Giedd has been studying a group of young people since 1991. They visit him every two years for imaging tests of their brains. He says considerable development continues in young people from the teenage years into the twenties.

A part of the brain called the dorsal-lateral prefrontal cortex appears especially undeveloped in teenagers. Researchers believe that this area controls judgment and consideration of risk. So, its underdevelopment may explain why young people seem more willing to take risks like driving too fast.

Laurence Steinberg is a psychology professor at Temple University in Philadelphia. He says stronger laws and stronger parental control are needed to protect teens from themselves. That includes raising the age for driving. He says research shows that teenage brains are not fully equipped to control behavior.

Other researchers, however, say there is not enough evidence to make a strong case for such findings. Psychologist Robert Epstein is a visiting scholar at the University of California in San Diego. Mr. Epstein notes that teen behavior differs from culture to culture. He says behavior depends for the most part on socialization. He believes that teenagers will demonstrate(表明) better, safer behavior if they spend more time with adults, and are treated more like them.

But is that always true? Mike Males works at the Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice in San Francisco. He suggests that all of this talk lately about brainless teens could be an attempt to take away attention from the reality. Writing in the New York Times, he says it is middle-aged adults whose behavior has worsened. In his words, if grown-ups really have superior brains, why don’t we act as if we do?

1.If your parents ask you to act your age, they really mean to advise that you __________.

A. behave yourself

B. take care of yourself

C. make yourself at home

D. do everything on your own

2.Why do young people seem more willing to take adventures?

A. Because they can all look grown up in that way.

B. Because their dorsal-lateral prefrontal cortex appears undeveloped.

C. Because some researchers have been studying and encouraging them.

D. Because stronger laws and stronger parental control protect them

3.Which of the following is TRUE about teenagers?

A. Their brains have almost stopped developing.

B. Their cultures have influenced their behavior more or less.

C. The behavior of brainless teens has drawn a lot more attention.

D. Staying more often with adults makes things even worse.

4.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that Mike Males _______.

A. agrees with what Robert Epstein says

B. keeps silent about the subject of debate

C. is a leader in this area of research

D. has the opinion of his own

5.The passage is written mainly to tell people that __________.

A. development continues in young people from the teens into the twenties

B. teenagers’ behavior differs from culture to culture

C. there is still a debate between researchers about people’s behaviors

D. the talk about brainless teens could take away attention from governments

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