People with an impulsive personality refer to those who tend to do things without considering the possible dangers or problems first. According to a new study by researchers at the University of Georg 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

题目内容

People with an impulsive personality refer to those who tend to do things without considering the possible dangers or problems first. According to a new study by researchers at the University of Georgia, such people may be more likely to have food addiction. The study found that people exhibiting impulsive behavior weren’t necessarily overweight, but impulsiveness was related to a direct relationship with food, and therefore, less healthy weight.

Food addiction has been compared to addictive drug use. Studies have linked the dopamine (多巴胺) release that occurs after tasting delicious food to the dopamine release that happens when people consume other addictive substances.

Impulsive behavior involves several personality traits (特点). Two of these traits, known as negative urgency and lack of perseverance, were particularly associated with food addiction and high BMI (身体质量指数) during the study.

Negative urgency is characterized by the tendency to behave impulsively when experiencing negative emotions. Some people might drink alcohol or take drugs. For others, it could mean eating to feel better. Lack of perseverance is when a person has a hard time finishing hard or boring tasks. People with a lack of perseverance might have difficulty attempting to change addictive eating behavior, which could also cause obesity.

“Impulsiveness might be one reason why some people eat in an addictive way despite motivation to lose weight,” said Dr. Ashley Gearhardt, a clinical psychologist. He was involved in developing the Yale Food Addiction Scale in aid of those people. “We are theorizing that if food addiction is really a thing, then our measure, the Yale Food Addiction Scale, should be related to helping control impulsive action,” said Gearhardt.

Clinical psychologist Dr. James MacKillop, whose lab was conducting the study, believes that therapies used to treat addictive drug behavior could help people who suffer from addictive eating habits.

“Most of the programs for weight loss at this point focus on the most obvious things, which are clearly diet and exercise,” MacKillop said. “It seems that managing strong desires to eat would naturally fit in with the skills a person would need to eat healthily.”

1.According to Paragraph 1, the result of food addiction is ________.

A. less healthy weight

B. motivation to lose weight

C. negative emotions

D. taking alcohol or drugs

2.How does the author introduce the two personality traits in Paragraph 4?

A. By making comparisons and conclusions.

B. By explaining causes and effects.

C. By presenting questions and answers.

D. By giving definitions and examples.

3.What can be inferred about the Yale Food Addiction Scale from the text?

A. It has been successfully carried out among overweight people.

B. It might help some impulsive people with food addiction to lose weight.

C. It will prove whether food addiction is a problem to impulsive people.

D. It is theoretically a proper treatment for addictive food and drug behavior.

4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?

A. Dopamine release caused by food addiction

B. Food addiction compared to drug use

C. Impulsive personality linked to food addition

D. Food addiction contributing to obesity

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相关题目

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

High school can be quite the stressful time for any student. There are numerous stresses to deal with and the pressure can be more intense as you enter your senior year. ____1.____ The answer is as follows.

______2._____ Adjust your approach to your specific situation. For instance, if you’re active in your community and your school and have a large family, you may feel depressed by having all these people involved in your life on a daily basis. ____3.____ You just may need a moment to be alone and collect your thoughts before moving on to the challenges that face you.

______4.______ If your stress persists and you can’t figure out a way to handle it, you may want to try speaking to your school counselor(顾问). If you don’t feel comfortable speaking to your counselor, try getting some other types of counseling.

Realize your limits, and plan around them. Don’t take on more than you can handle. If you take on too many things, you will be spread too thin and won’t be able to perform at your best in anything. ______5.____ You will definitely feel more at ease!

A．Seek professional counseling.

B．Why does the stress come into being?

C．Try thinking of alternative ways to deal with stress.

D．When you feel relieved, you can have a happier life.

E．Taking some time out to be alone may be the best way to handle such stress.

F．But how on earth can you reduce some of the stress?

G．Evaluate what tasks and activities are most important and leave others behind.

She was so angry and spoke so fast that none of us understood _______ she said meant.

A. that B. what

C. that that D. what what

阅读理解。

Contrary to popular belief, looking at someone's face alone is not enough to tell us whether they are roaring in celebration or screaming in frustration, researchers claimed.While people may believe they have the ability to read each other's faces, body language is the real clue that shows whether strong emotions someone is feeling are positive or negative.

In a study, groups of participants were shown a series of facial expressions such as tennis players photographed just after winning or losing a point.

In some cases the volunteers were able to see the player's full body, but in others they were only shown either their face or their body with the other removed.

Participants could clearly tell whether the players were winning or losing when they were shown the full picture or just the body, but their guesses were no better than chance when based on the face alone.

Those who were allowed to see the full image were convinced they had made their judgment based on the players' facial expressions even though results from the two other groups suggested otherwise.

The researchers carried out a second study where participants were shown a wider range of faces showing emotions including joy, pleasure, victory, pain and defeat.

Using photo?editing software, the researchers attached the faces to bodies expressing the opposite emotion, and asked participants to act out the emotions they saw in the photos.

The resulting poses were like the body poses in the photographs but not the facial expressions, demonstrating that people base their interpretation of strong emotions not on the face but the body.

Dr Aviezer, who led the study, said, “These results show that when emotions become extremely intense, the difference between positive and negative facial expressions becomes unclear.The results may help researchers understand how our body interacts during emotional situations.For example, individuals may fail to recognize facial expressions, but if they are trained to process important body language, their performance may significantly improve.”

1.People tend to believe that ________.

A.someone's body language has an effect on their feelings

B.reading someone's face alone cannot tell their feelings

C.someone's body language is the only clue to their feelings

D.someone's feelings can be read by their facial expressions

2.What do we know about the first study?

A.The participants were divided into four groups.

B.All participants were given the same pictures to see.

C.It proved that emotions influence people's body language.

D.Participants could tell the players' feelings when seeing the full picture.

3.What did Dr Aviezer think of the results of the study?

A.Ridiculous. B.Useless.

C.Unrealistic. D.Helpful.

4.Which of the following can summarize the main idea of the passage?

A.Body rather than eyes is the window of the soul.

B.Facial expressions can reflect the emotions clearly.

C.Researchers link emotions to body language through software.

D.Two studies focus on the link between body language and emotions.

书面表达

下列表格为某市2006年与2016年人们度假方式的情况比较，请按表格内容写一篇120词左右的短文，并对度假方式变化原因加以简要评析。

年度	2006	2016	原因
境外旅游	11%	22%	收入增加
海边度假	38%	31%	海水污染
爬山野营	11%	34%	回归自然

注意：1.词数120左右；

2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

3.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

The way people spend their holidays changed a lot from 2006 to 2016.

___________________________________________________________________________________________

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A.B.C和D项中，选出最佳选项。

During her sixty-year career performing, Lena Horne entertained people with her beauty and rich, emotional voice. She used her fame to fight social injustices toward African-Americans.

Lena Horne was born in New York in 1917. At sixteen, Lena became a dancer at the famous Club in New York City. After taking voice lessons, she soon became a singer. In 1940, Lena Horne became the first African-American to perform with an all-white jazz band. After performing at a club in Hollywood, California, she caught the attention of filmmakers. She soon began making movies. Her films became very popular. In the 1940’s, Lena Horne was the first African-American in Hollywood to sign a long-term contract with a major movie studio. Her deal with MGM stated that she would never play the role of a servant. She refused to play roles that represented African-Americans disrespectfully(无礼的). But this refusal also limited her movie career.

Lena Horne once said that World War Two helped make her a star. She was popular with both black and white soldiers. She sang on army radio programs and traveled to perform for the troops. Once, she noted that German prisoners of war were permitted to sit closer to the stage than black soldiers. She was very angry. These experiences led to Lena Horne’s work in the civil rights movement.

Lena Horne sang at civil rights gatherings. She took part in the March on Washington protest in 1963. It was during this event that Martin Luther King Junior gave his “I Have a Dream” speech. She protested racial separation at the hotels where she performed. She took action so that she and her musicians would be allowed to stay in those hotels. Black musicians at the time generally stayed in black neighborhoods.

Lena Horne died in New York in 2010.

1.How old was Lena Horne when she died?

A. 86 years old. B. 93 years old.

C. 98 years old. D. 88 years old.

2.We can infer that _____.

A. black actresses often played roles of servants in the film in the 1940’s

B. black women were forbidden to perform in the film in the 1940’s

C. Lena Horne liked staying at hotel very much

D. Lena Horne didn’t make any films in the 1960’s

3.What is the main idea of the fourth paragraph?

A. Lena Horne was a friend of Martin Luther King Junior.

B. Lena Horne took an active part in political activities.

C. Lena Horne was involved in civil rights activities.

D. Lena Horne protested racial separation at the hotels.

4.Why was Lena Horne angry?

A. Because she was ill-treated by the army.

B. Because black soldiers were badly treated by the army.

C. Because she was refused to perform together with white actors.

D. Because white soldiers insulted her.

阅读理解。

For my grandmother’s 70th birthday，my family and I visited South Korea.While there，I was attentive to Korean high schools and students.

I was surprised by how different Korea’s public high schools are from America’s.Korean high schools can be all?girls，all?boys or co?ed (男女同校的) unlike our standard co?ed high schools.There are three grades：“go 1(10th)”，“go 2(11th)” and “go 3(12th)”．“Go” is the first syllable of the word “go?deung?hakkyo”，which，simply translated，is “high school”．

In America，unless you want to go to a private school，you don’t have to take an entrance exam.In Korea，however，students must take a test to get in because of the many choices of schools.

Another difference I couldn’t help but notice was the students’ appearance.With very few exceptions，all wear uniforms. A name tag (标牌) with the student’s name，grade and homeroom number must also be worn.Girl’s skirts can’t be above the upper part of the knee，and it is forbidden to dye(染) your hair or wear accessories (装饰品) except small earrings.There are strict regulations for appearance to achieve neatness，and it seems the only freedom students have is with their choices of hair style，socks and shoes.

The final difference was the setup of the classes.There may be 40 students in a classroom，but the number can be less or even more，depending on the population of the town or city.Although there are many students per classroom，they are very close，which I think is a result of not changing classrooms for different subjects.There are no levels in the subjects and the teachers are the ones who switch classrooms.They just have ten?minute breaks between subjects.In each class，students are ranked by their grades.This causes strict competition，and Korean students do a lot of studying.To help them，all schools have extra study classes after school.One other fact that helped me appreciate living in America is that Koreans have school on Saturdays.Although it’s only a half day，I think I speak for most Americans when I say we could never imagine ourselves in school on a Saturday.

Korea’s public high schools are clearly different from America’s.I had imagined them to be just like our schools，but now I have a clear picture of how different they are.

1.How many main differences are mentioned between Korea’s public high school and America’s?

A．3. B．4.

C．5. D．6.

2.It seems that the writer ________.

A．is familiar with the education system of high schools in Korea

B．is fond of Korean students’ appearance

C．prefers the high school life of America to the one of Korea

D．feels it common to have lessons on weekends

3.What does the underlined word “setup” in paragraph 5 probably mean?

A．Arrangement. B．Size.

C．Number. D．Outline.

4.According to the rules, the students of Korea can ________.

A．go to different high schools without exams

B．wear any clothes except uniforms at school

C．attend different classes as they like

D．have different hair styles

短文改错

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号∧，并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用(＼)划掉。

修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

Nowadays, mobile phones are become more and more popular in the middle school students. In my opinion, we can bring mobile phones to school. As we know, the 21st century is a modern age and full of informations. A mobile phone is one of the quicker tools for us to exchange messages. The mobile phone is a fashionable and useful invention, but we ought to make the best use of it. Suppose there’s sudden accident, it is more conveniently for us to dial for help immediately. There’re also some games in the mobile phone. We can relax us by playing them when we’re tired of our studies. In my opinion, It’s not wrong to follow after the fashion, but the most important thing is that to use the mobile phone in a right way.

—Do you know ________ the meeting?

—Tomorrow morning.

A. when they had

B. when did they have

C. when they are going to have

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