题目内容

假如你叫李华,是一名高中学生。你的网友Alice是一位美国的学生,近期她要写一篇有关中国的小论文。请你给她写一封e-mail,介绍中国的情况。

内容要点如下:

1.中国位于亚洲东部,有着悠久历史,有许多的名胜古迹;

2.中国有了长足的发展,同时国家一直在采取措施,努力去保护环境;

3.大部分人已经摆脱贫穷,大多数孩子能够接受教育。

注意:

1. 词数100词左右;

2. 可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;

3. 开头和结尾已给出。

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The most widespread fallacy (谬论)of all is that colds ire caused by cold. They are actually caused by viruses passing on from person to person. You catch a cold by coining into contact, directly or indirectly, with someone who already has one. If cold causes colds, it would be reasonable to expect the Eskimos to suffer from them forever But they do not. And in the isolated Arctic Regions explorers have reported being free from colds until coming into contact again with infected people from the outside world by way of packages and mail dropped from airplanes.

During the First World War soldiers who spent long periods in the trenches(战壕), cold and wet, showed no increased tendency to catch colds.

In the Second World War prisoners at the Auschwitz concentration camp,naked and starving, were astonished to find that they seldom had colds. At the Common Cold Research Unit in England, volunteers took part in experiments in which they gave themselves to the discomforts of being cold and wet for long stretches of time. After taking hot baths, they put on bathing suits, allowed themselves to be with cold water, and then stood about dripping wet in drafty rooms. Some wore wet socks all day while others exercised in the rain until close to exhaustion. Not one of the volunteers came down with a cold unless a cold virus was actually dropped in his nose.

If then, cold and wet have nothing to do with catching colds, why are they more frequent in the winter. Despite the most pains-taking research, no one has yet found the answer. One explanation offered by scientists is that people tend to stay together indoors more in cold weather than at other times, and this makes it easier for cold viruses to be passed on.

1.The writer offered examples to support his argument

A. 4 B. 5

C. 6 D. 7

2.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A. The Eskimos suffer from colds from time to time.

B. Colds are not always caused by cold.

C. People suffer from colds just because they like to stay indoors.

D. A person may catch a cold by touching someone who already has one.

3.Arctic explorers may catch colds when they are .

A. working in the isolated arctic regions

B. writing reports in terribly cold weather

C. free from work in the isolated arctic regions

D. coming into touch again with the outside world

4.Volunteers taking part in the experiments in the Common Cold Research Unit .

A. suffered a lot B. never caught colds

C. often caught colds D. became very strong

5.The passage mainly discusses .

A. the experiments on the common cold

B. the fallacy about the common cold

C. the reason and the way people catch colds

D. the continued spread of common colds

Spring is coming, and it is time for those about to graduate to look for jobs. Competition is tough, so job seekers must carefully consider their personal choices. Whatever we are wearing,our family and friends may accept us, but the workplace may not.

A high school newspaper editor said it is unfair for companies to discourage visible tattoos (纹身)nose rings, or certain dress styles. It is true you can’t judge a book by its cover, yet people do “cover” themselves in order to convey certain messages. What we wear, including tattoos and nose rings, is an expression of who we are. Just as people convey messages about themselves with their appearances, so do companies. Dress standards exist in the business world for a number of reasons, but the main concern is often about what customers accept.

Others may say how to dress is a matter of personal freedom, but for businesses it is more about whether to make or lose money. Most employers do care about the personal appearances of their employees ,because those people represent the companies to their customers.

As a hiring manager I am paid to choose the people who would make the best impression on our customers. There are plenty of well-qualified candidates, so it is not wrong to reject someone who might disappoint my customers. Even though I am open-minded, I can’t expect all our customers are.

There is nobody to blame but yourself if your set of choices does not match that of your preferred employer. No company should have to change to satisfy a candidate simply because he or she is unwilling to respect its standards, as long as its standards are legal.

1.Which of the following is the newspaper editor’ opinion according to Paragraph 2?

A. People’s appearances carry messages about themselves.

B. Customers’ choices influence dress standards in companies.

C. Candidates with tattoos or nose rings should be fairly treated.

D. Strange dress styles should not be encouraged in the workplace.

2.What can be inferred from the text?

A. Candidates have to wear what companies prefer for an interview.

B. What to wear is not a matter of personal choice for companies.

C. Companies sometimes have to change to respect their candidates.

D. Hiring managers make the best impression on their candidates.

3.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

A. Employees Matter B. Personal Choices Matter

C. Appearances Matter D. Hiring Managers Matter

Texting(发短信)walkers aren't just an annoyance to other walkers, Australian researchers armed with movie special-effects technology have determined scientifically that they're threats to themselves. Using motion-capture technology similar to that used for films, researchers concluded that texting while walking not only affects balance but also the ability to walk in straight line.

“Some people like checking emails while walking to work in the morning” said the study co-author Hoorn, “but they may not know it has a serious effect on the safety of themselves”. Other facts have also proved this. A tourist from Taiwan walked off a pier near Melbourne last month while checking Facebook, bringing a sudden and icy end to a penguin-watching visit. Another person who was too wrapped up in his phone to notice dangers walked straight into the fountain in front of a shopping mall.

The Australian study involved 27 volunteers, a third of whom admitted having knocked into objects while texting. They were asked to walk 8.5 meters three times—once without phones, once while reading text and once while writing text, when eight cameras recorded their actions.

They found the volunteers using the phone walked slower, and, more seriously, they locked their arms and elbows in like “robots”, which forced their heads to move more, throwing themselves off balance. “In a pedestrian(步行的)environment, inability to maintain a straight path would be likely to increase potential for traffic accidents”, said Mr. Hoorn. “The best thing to do is to step aside and stop, or keep off the phone.”

Authorities world-wide have taken note. Signs on Hong Kong's subway system advise passengers in three languages to keep their eyes off their phones. Police and transport authorities have highlighted the danger in Singapore, where the Straits Times newspaper recently declared cellphone-distracted road crossing as “bad habit No. 2” contributing to the rising number of road deaths. Some U.S. states, including New York and Arkansas, are considering bans on what they're calling phone jaywalking.

1.According to the passage, people texting while walking usually____________.

A. do not influence other walkers B. do harm to their eyes

C. put themselves in danger D. can still walk straight

2.Which of the following words has the closest meaning to “wrapped up” in Paragraph 2?

A. absent-minded B. annoyed

C. confused D. absorbed

3.The two examples in Paragraph 2 are given in order to __________.

A. prove texting walkers are threats to others

B. show texting walkers may harm themselves

C. analyze the causes of the danger

D. amuse the readers

4.About the Australian study, we know that___________.

A. the volunteers using phones while walking moved normally

B. ten volunteers admitted having bumped into things while texting

C. the volunteers were divided into three groups during the study

D. texting walkers are exposed to greater possibility of traffic accidents

5.The last paragraph suggests that_________.

A. actions have been taken against texting while walking

B. Hong Kong’s subway system forbids texting walkers to take the train

C. New York has made laws to ban phone jaywalking

D. cellphone-distracted road crossing is considered the worst habit in Singapore

Scientists around the world have been studying the warming of waters in the Pacific Ocean known as El Nino(厄尔尼诺). The appearance of El Nino is known to affect the weather around the world. Scientists still do not completely understand it. Yet they now find they can use it to tell about the future in different areas of the world.

One example is the work of two scientists at Columbia University in New York, Mark Cane and Gordon Eshel. A scientist of Zimbabwe, Roger Buckland worked with them. They have found that when El Nino appears, Zimbabwe has little or no rain. This means corn crops in Zimbabwe are poor. The last El Nino was in 1991 to 1993. That was when southeastern Africa suffered a serious lack of rain.

The scientists wrote about their recent work in the publication Nature. Their computer program can tell when an El Nino will develop up to a year before it does. They suggest that this could provide an effective early warning system for southern Africa, and could prevent many people from starving.

1.El Nino is known as ___.

A. the changing of the weather in southern Africa

B. the warming of waters in the Pacific Ocean

C. the weather which brings drought(旱灾) to Africa

D. the weather phenomenon (现象)that brings heavy rains to Africa

2.Scientists study El Nino in order that ___.

A. they can provide a kind of early warning to the place that will suffer from drought

B. they can tell why Zimbabwe has little or no rain

C. they can do some research work in this field.

D. they can put all this information into their computers.

3.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A. Nature is the name of the article written recently by the scientists.

B. Three scientists from the USA work on this subject.

C. Southern Africa suffered a serious drought and many people died from hunger.

D. El Nino has something to do with Zimbabwe’s poor crops.

4.What’s the best title for this passage?

A. Appearance of El Nino is Predictable(可预测的) B. Drought in Zimbabwe

C. Early Warning System D. Weather in Africa

Many people enjoy taking trips by themselves. Unluckily, they do not always have the best________.Instead, people should consider group tours. Taking a group tour is a wise choice for people to________themselves.

First, group tours plan travelers’ routes, so people don’t have to______where they are going next or how they are getting there. They can just______and enjoy their trip.______, my family once took a group tour to China. The travel agency (旅行社)______everything for us. We just looked at the schedule the travel agency had_______and followed it. Thanks to the travel agency, we had a _____trip. This made things _____on my father since he didn’t have to worry about where we would go next and ______at night.

Another______of group tours is that they allow people to communicate with one another while traveling.Travelers are able to develop______with people they would never have met______they are traveling together for a number of days. As I know, my parents _____Russia on a group tour for their honeymoon(蜜月). They______another couple on that trip, and everyone had a great time together. Even after many years, they still______together from time to time. If my parents had traveled by themselves, it would have been______for them to get to know this couple.

In short,there is _____better than a group tour when traveling. Group tours schedule everything on the trip, and they give us the______to meet others and make friends with them. Group tours are the ______way to travel when taking a trip.

1.A. maps B. cars C. places D. vacations

2.A. help B. enjoy C. praise D. encourage

3.A. guess B. prove C. worry about D. talk about

4.A. relax B. stop C. walk D. show

5.A. In all B. So far C. As usual D. For example

6.A. made use of B. took care of C. ran out of D. caught sight of

7.A. provided B. found C. changed D. bought

8.A. short B. strange C. pleasant D. terrible

9.A. earlier B. easier C. slower D. worse

10.A. work B. practice C. stay D. perform

11.A. rule B. question C. purpose D. advantage

12.A. skills B. programs C. friendships D. treatments

13.A. because B. unless C. while D. although

14.A. 1eft B. visited C. forgot D. missed

15.A. met B. invited C. followed D. recognized

16.A. dance B. learn C. cook D. travel

17.A. certain B. important C. impossible D. unnecessary

18.A. something B. nothing C. somebody D. nobody

19.A. gift B. hope C. method D. chance

20.A. best B. last C. only D. new

Reader: For six years, I’ve run an office that has two employees: me and my boss. He used to be so appreciative that I didn’t mind doing a little extra, but about two months ago, he started being rude and demanding. Now he even yells when I don’t have time to bring his favorite wine to his home after work.

This change started when we met a wealthy new customer, who is a huge jerk (古怪的人) -- my boss’s new behavior is just like his.

My boss is a good man; he and his family have treated me like a little sister. Is there a good way to discuss this with him?

Karla: Sounds like your new customer has set a bad example to your boss. You need to remind your boss that you’re in his corner-- but you’re not his slave. My suggestions are as follows.

Start with a simple question in a calm moment: “Is everything okay?”

State the truth: “Until recently, I’ve felt like a valued teammate. But our relationship has become tense. Your expectations of me seem to have changed. Although I used to do occasional personal businesses for you as a favor, now it seems expected.”

Draw your lines: “If you think my job description needs to change or my performance is not good enough, let’s discuss that. Otherwise, I need you to stop yelling at me and to respect my personal time.”

Ideally, you’ll get an apology and a promise to do better. After that, it’s a matter of reinforcement (加强) . If he starts yelling, look at him with a calm expression. After he cools down, restate his request and add, “Is that correct?” For the unreasonable request, such as fetching his favorite wine after work: “I’m afraid I can’t take care of that for you.” If he keeps acting like a jerk, there are bosses out there who will better respect your time and talent.

Karla L. Miller is ready to hear your work dramas. Send your questions to wpmagazine@washpost.com.

1.We can infer that the reader’s boss used to be ____.

A. grateful and friendly B. rich but strange

C. proud and hard-working D. honest but self-centered

2.What does the underlined word “demanding” mean in the first paragraph?

A. appreciating too much B. scolding too much

C. apologizing too much D. expecting too much

3.When the reader’s boss asks her to do something unreasonable next time, she is advised to ___________.

A. quit her job B. look at her boss calmly

C. refuse the request D. discuss the job description

4.What sort of problem can be solved by Karla L. Miller?

A. How do I make a friend?

B. How do I kill my personal time?

C. How can I get along well with my workmates?

D. How can I get rid of wine?

Are you a man or a mouse? When people ask this question they want to know ____ you think you are a _____person or a coward (懦 夫). But you will never really know the answer to this question ___ you are tested in real life. Some people _____they are brave but when they come face to face with real ____, they act like cowards. Others think of themselves as cowards, but when they meet danger, they act like ____ .

Lenny had always thought of himself as a ___ person. He got worried before examinations. He worried about his job and health. All he wanted in life was to be safe and healthy. ___, on January 15th, 2002, a plane crashed into the Potomac River in Washington. Lenny went to the river to see what was happening. He saw a woman in the ____water. Lenny did not feel afraid. He kept very ____and did a very dangerous thing. He jumped into the Potomac, ____ to the woman, and kept her head ___ the water. Seventy-eight people died that day. Thanks to Lenny, it was not ____.

When you are in a very ____ situation and feel afraid, the body automatically produces a chemical in the blood. The chemical is called adrenalin(肾上腺素). ___ adrenalin in the blood system, you actually feel stronger and stronger and are ____ to fight or run away. However, when you are absolutely terrified, the body can produce too much adrenalin. When this ___ , the muscles(肌肉) become very hard and you find you _____move at all. You are then paralyzed (使无能为力) with fear. This is ____when we are very frightened, we sometimes say we’re “petrified(惊呆的)”. This word comes from the Greek word “petros”, which means “stone”. We are ____ frightened that we become stonelike.

1.A. how B. neither C. whether D. either

2.A. brave B. real C. hard D. certain

3.A. when B. until C. after D. once

4.A. realize B. find C. think D. agree

5.A. life B. question C. mouse D. danger

6.A. soldiers B. mice C. heroes D. cowards

7.A. useful B. brave C. nervous D. terrible

8.A. So B. Therefore C. Then D. Actually

9.A. fresh B. poisonous C. warm D. ice-cold

10.A. nervous B. calm C. frightened D. excited

11.A. went B. helped C. spoke D. swam

12.A. in B. under C. above D. from

13.A. an accident B. a mistake C. seventy-eight D. seventy-nine

14.A. dangerous B. comfortable C. different D. favorable

15.A. With B. Without C. For D. Like

16.A. afraid B. unable C. ready D. anxious

17.A. gets B. disappears C. happens D. goes

18.A. needn’t B. can’t C. mustn’t D. shouldn’t

19.A. where B. how C. because D. why

20.A. really B. very C. such D. so

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