题目内容

A recent study conducted by the Pine Street Foundation showed that a dog’s nose may have the ability to detect cancer. A dog’s nose, which was the “medical device” used as part of the research, is believed to be among the world’s most powerful olfactory(嗅觉的) sensors. The study was conducted with 169 subjects 55 of which had been diagnosed as having lung cancer, 31 have breast cancer and 83 control subjects——people without cancer. During the study, five professionally trained scent dogs were used to distinguish between the breath samples of cancer patients and those who were healthy. With an average of 90% accuracy, the research was deemed a success.

The Pine Street Foundation conducted its research on the belief that cancer cells give off a different type of metabolic(新陈代谢) waste product than normal cells. According to the study, the difference is so great that it can be detected by a dog’s sense of smell, including both early and late stages of the disease.

In the conclusion of the study the Pine Street Foundation said that even ordinary dogs may be trained to identify the presence of cancer with only a breath sample. The organization also said that dogs can recognize the disease with astonishing amount accuracy and, finally, that the dog’s detection was not hindered(妨碍) by the presence of age, smoking or stage of cancer.

The Pine Street Foundation plans to continue their research and is currently seeking funding to launch new studies.

If we want to add several different detecting examples to the passage, we should write them

        __________.

       A．between paragraph 1 and paragraph 2    B．between paragraph 2 and paragraph 3

       C．between paragraph 3 and paragraph 4    D．before paragraph 1 or after paragraph 4

The best title for this passage might be ______.

       A．Dogs may smell cancer   B．Why dogs can smell cancer

       C．A Study on dogs’ special ability     D．A study on breast cancer

Dogs can smell cancer because ____________.

       A．they can detect faster than man      B．their sense of smell is very sensitive

       C．dogs metabolize the food slowly     D．patients give off bad smell

People can know from the passage _________.

       A．all dogs can be used to smell cancer

       B．it’s not easy to find out cancer in the early stage

       C．most of the research experiments are successful

       D．dogs detect cancer by breathing and feeling

【小题1】B

【小题2】A

【小题3】B

【小题4】C


解析:

【小题1】文章结构题。由全文内容叙述顺序知。

【小题2】主旨大意题。由全文内容知。

【小题3】细节理解题。由第一段第二句知。

【小题4】推断题。由90% accuracy知。

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D

    Next time a customer comes to your office, offer him a cup of coffee. And when you’re doing your holiday shopping online, make sure you’re holding a large glass of iced tea. The physical sensation(感觉) of warmth encourages emotional warmth, while a cold drink in hand prevents you from making unwise decisions—those are the practical lesson being drawn from recent research by psychologist John A. Bargh.

    Psychologists have known that one person’s perception(感知) of another’s “warmth” is a powerful determiner in social relationships. Judging someone to be either “warm” or “cold” is a primary consideration, even trumping evidence that a “cold” person may be more capable. Much of this is rooted in very early childhood experiences, Bargh argues, when babies’ conceptual sense of the world around them is shaped by physical sensations, particularly warmth and coldness. Classic studies by Harry Harlow, published in 1958, showed monkeys preferred to stay close to a cloth “mother” rather than one made of wire, even when the wire “mother” carried a food bottle. Harlow’s work and later studies have led psychologists to stress the need for warm physical contact from caregivers to help young children grow into healthy adults with normal social skills.

    Feelings of “warmth” and “coldness” in social judgments appear to be universal. Although no worldwide study has been done, Bargh says that describing people as “warm” or “cold” is common to many cultures, and studies have found those perceptions influence judgment in dozens of countries.

    To test the relationship between physical and psychological warmth, Bargh conducted an experiment which involved 41 college students. A research assistant who was unaware of the study’s hypotheses(假设), handed the students either a hot cup of coffee, or a cold drink, to hold while the researcher filled out a short information form: The drink was then handed back. After that, the students were asked to rate the personality of “Person A” based on a particular description. Those who had briefly held the warm drink regarded Person A as warmer than those who had held the iced drink.

    “We are grounded in our physical experiences even when we think abstractly,” says Bargh.

According to Paragraph 1, a person’s emotion may be affected by ______.

    A. the visitors to his office         B. the psychology lessons he has

    C. his physical feeling of coldness   D. the things he has bought online

The author mentions Harlow’s experiment to show that ______.

    A. adults should develop social skills     B. babies need warm physical contact

    C. caregivers should be healthy adults    D. monkeys have social relationships

In Bargh’s experiment, the students were asked to ______.

    A. evaluate someone’s personality        B. write down their hypotheses

C. fill out a personal information form

   D. hold coffee and cold drink alternatively

We can infer from the passage that ______.

    A. abstract thinking does not come from physical experiences

    B. feelings of warmth and coldness are studied worldwide

    C. physical temperature affects how we see others

    D. capable persons are often cold to others

What would be the best title for the passage?

A. Drinking for Better Social Relationships.

 B. Experiments of Personality Evaluation.

    C. Developing Better Drinking Habits.

    D. Physical Sensations and Emotions.

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

How do you enter a room full of strangers? Do you walk right in full of confidence? Or do you try to slip in without being noticed? ___1.___

In life, we admire those who do their tasks confidently. We prefer people who appear to know what they are doing. But where does that confidence begin?

Developing self-confidence starts very early. It’s parents’ role to get kids on the right track toward becoming confident people. ___2.___ That can be done by focusing on the child’s strengths. Parents should encourage their children to try new things and take risks. When children make mistakes, their parents should still let them know that they are loved. Children whose parents do these things will likely develop into confident adults. ___3.___ So what’s the solution?

With most things in life, practice makes perfect, and that is true of confidence skills. ___4.__Always hold your head high and look people in the eye. Answer questions clearly and confidently.

Focus on the things that you do well, and look for opportunities to use those abilities.

Prepare thoroughly for every project. You’ll approach the task more confidently knowing that you are ready.

___5.___ It could be a good test score or a prize from a contest. Remind yourself that one success often leads to the next.

However, all humans fail at times, and you will too. Even with efforts to try all the above, you will never be perfect. But you can learn to love and accept yourself and live your life with confidence.

A．Keep in mind an item that reminds you of a recent success.

B．The more you practice them, the easier they will become.

C．The way you go into new situations show your level of self-confidence.

D．Our goal is to prepare students to go into the world with confidence.

E. To help that process, parents should always offer more praise than criticism.

F. Learning from mistakes helps you face the same situation later without fear.

G. But self-confidence still doesn’t come easily.

 

A recent Living Social survey showed that Americans may live up to their poor reputation while travelling abroad. But what’s more surprising is that many of those surveyed self-identified themselves as ‘ugly’ Americans and the world’s worst travelers.

Those in the U.S. ranked themselves as the worst travellers by a shocking 20 per cent, followed by 15 per cent saying the Chinese were the most substandard tourists.

Americans topped the list as being the worst-behaved travelers in a survey of 5,600 respondents, 4,000 of whom were Americans. Other respondents were in Australia, Canada, Ireland and the United Kingdom. But even American respondents considered their compatriots(同胞) as the worst travelers from a list of 16 nationalities.

Canadians and Australians also put Americans in the No. 1 spot. Irish respondents pointed to U.K. residents and U.K. respondents gave Germans the nod. On the other hand, 37% of Americans opted for "none of the above" in answer to the worst-tourists question, displaying more tolerance and open-mindedness than the other nationalities.

Other survey questions had respondents admitting pilfering from hotels. Four in ten U.S. survey-takers said they’d stolen something – mostly towels (28%) and bathrobes (8%). Other popular pinched items included pillows, remote controls, Bibles and sheets.

Not surprising is that Americans have less time off from work than other nationalities. Americans reported getting 16 days off, compared with 28 days for the Irish, 27 days for Australians, 23 days for U.K. workers; and 21 days for Canadians.

In the travel mishaps department, the most common travel disaster reported by Americans was lost luggage on an airline (21%)； bad weather (21%)； and getting very lost (16%).

As for places Americans most want to see, Disney World and Las Vegas made the top 10, but they weren't at the top of the heap. And New York didn't make the cut.

1.What percentage of American respondents is in the survey?

A．20 %

B．15%

C．71%

D．37%

2.The underlined word “pilfering” in Para. 5 most probably means ________.

A．taking

B．bringing

C．stealing

D．borrowing.

3.According to the survey, what kind of things are most taken away by Americans?

A．towels and pillows

B．bathrobes and remote controls.

C．towels and Bibles

D．bathrobes and towels.

4.What’s the best title of this passage?

A．Chinese were announced as the world’s worst travellers.

B．The global worst travellers were announced.

C．Disney World is the best destination to Americans.

D．European travellers were the best in the world

 

阅读下面的短文，请根据短文后的要求答题（请注意问题后的词数要求）。

[1]Global difference in intelligence is a sensitive topic, long filled with a large number of different opinions. But recent data has indeed shown cognitive (认知的) ability to be higher in some countries than in others. What's more, IQ scores have risen as nations develop—a phenomenon known as the "Flynn effect". Many causes have been put forward for both the intelligence difference and the Flynn effect, including education, income, and even non-agricultural labor. Now, a new study from researchers at the University of New Mexico offers another interesting theory: intelligence may be linked to infectious-disease rates.

　　[2]The brain, say author Christopher Eppig and his colleagues, is the "most costly organ in the human body". Brainpower consumes almost up to 90 percent of a newborn's energy. It's clear that if something affects energy intake while the brain is growing, the impact could be long and serious. And for vast parts of the globe, the biggest threat to a child's body—and therefore brain—is parasitic (由寄生虫引起的) infection. These illnesses threaten brain development________________. They can directly attack live tissue, which the body must then try every means to replace. They can invade the digestive pipe and block nutritional intake. They can rob the body's cells for their own reproduction. And then there's the energy channeled (输送) to the immune system to fight the infection.

　　[3]Using data on national "disease burdens" (life years lost due to infectious diseases) and average intelligence scores, the authors found they are closely associated. The countries with the lowest average IQ scores have the highest disease burdens without exception. On the contrary, nations with low disease burdens top the IQ list.

　　[4]If the study holds water, it could be revolutionary for our understanding of the still-confusing variation in national intelligence scores.

1.What is the main idea of the text？(no more than 10 words)

________________________________________________________________________

2.Complete the following statement with proper words.(no more than 4 words)

Those countries that have the ________________ are always at the bottom of the IQ list.

3.Fill in the blank in Paragraph 2 with proper words.(no more than 5 words)

___________                                                                

4.What can cause intelligence difference？(no more than 8 words)

______________________________________________________________________

5.What does the word “they” (Line2, paragraph3)probably refer to? (no more than 8 words)

______________________________________________________________________

 

 

Dear Friend,  

The recent success of children's books has made the general public aware that there's a huge market out there.  

And there's a growing need for new writers trained to create the $3 billion worth of children's books bought each year ... plus stories and articles needed by over 650 publishers of magazines for children and teenagers.  

Who are these needed writers? They're ordinary folks like you and me.  

But am I good enough?  

I was once where you might be now. My thoughts of writing had been pushed down by self-doubt, and I didn't know where to turn for help.  

Then, I accepted a free offer from the Institute to test my writing aptitude（潜能）, and it turned out to be the inspiration I needed.  

The promise that paid off  

The Institute made the same promise to me that they will make to you, if you show basic writing ability:  

You will complete at least one manuscript（手稿） suitable to hand in to a publisher by the time you finish our course.  

I really didn't expect any publication before I finished the course, but that happened. I sold three stories. And I soon discovered that was not unusual at the Institute.  

Since graduation, I have authored 34 nationally published children's books and over 300 stories and articles.  

Free test and brochure  

We offer a free aptitude test and will send you a copy of our brochure describing our recognized home-study courses on the basis of one-on-one training.  

Realize your writing dream today. There's nothing sadder than a dream delayed until it fades forever.  

  

Sincerely,  

  

Kristi Holl, Instructor  

Institute of Children's Literature  

  

1.From the first three paragraphs, we learn that_____.  

A. children’s books are usually bestsellers  

B. publishers are making $3 billion each year  

C. magazines for teenagers have drawn public attention  

D. there is a growing need for writers of children's books  

2.When finishing the course, you are promised to_____.  

A. be a successful publisher  

B. become a confident editor  

C. finish one work for publication  

D. get one story or article published  

3.Kristi Holl mentions her experience mainly to_____.  

A. prove she is a good instructor  

B. promote the writing program  

C. give her advice on course preparation  

D. show she sold more stories than article  

 

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