Question

2．Business is the organized approach to providing customers with the goods and services they want．The word business also refers to an organization that provides these goods and services．Most businesses seek to make a profit（利润）-that is，they aim to achieve income that is more than the costs of operating the business．（36）DCommonly called nonprofits，these organizations are primarily nongovernmental service providers．（37）CBusiness management is a term used to describe the techniques of planning，direction，and control of the operations of a business．（38）GOne is the establishment（制定） of broad basic policies with respect to production； sales； the purchase of equipment，materials and supplies； and accounting．（39）EThe third relates to the establishment of standards of work in all departments．Direction is concerned primarily with supervision（监管）and guidance by the management in authority．（40）A

A．Control includes the use of records and reports to compare actual work with the set standards for work．
B．In this connection there is the difference between top management and operative management．
C．Examples of nonprofit business include such organizations as social service agencies and may hospitals．
D．However，some businesses only seek to earn enough to cover their operating costs．
E．The second aspect relates to the application of these policies by departments．
F．In the theory of business management，organization has two main aspects．
G．Planning in business management has three main aspects．

Answer 1

分析 本文主要商业活动进行了大致的阐述--商业活动包含盈利与不盈利机构，以及商业管理所包含的三个方面--技术、导向以及商业运行调控．

解答 DCGEA
36．D  通过空格后的句子Commonly called nonprofits，these organizations are primarily nongovernmental service providers是讲一种不盈利的机构，前文讲述的是商业机构的目的是为了赚取利润，所以讲到两种不同的情况，因此可以推测空格处表达转折，且讲到不盈利的机构，可以选D．意为"这些机构仅仅是赚取它们自身运转的费用"；
37．C  根据空格前面的内容讲的是不盈利机构nonprofits，可以推知接着是对不盈利机构进行举例，故答案为C；
38．G 根据空格前面的内容Business management is a term used to describe the techniques of planning，direction，and control of the operations of a business．可知讲的是"商业管理"（Business management），空格后的内容是对三个方面进行阐述，空格的内容属于对planning的阐述，故答案为G；
39．E  根据空格前后的内容可知，前面阐述了planning，后面the third…阐述了 the control of the operations of a business（商业运作的控制）关系到所有部门的工作标准的建立（The third relates to the establishment of standards of work in all departments），所以空格内容为the second…，用来阐述direction关系到部门对各项政策的实行（the application of these policies by departments），故答案为E；
40．A  最后一点可以根据前一句推知，前面一句说明"导向主要涉及权威管理的引导和监管"（Direction is concerned primarily with supervision and guidance by the management in authority），可推知"控制包括了报告和记录的作用--用来对比实际工作与工作标准是否符合"．故答案为A．

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