题目内容

6.In recent years in America,the mandatory sentencing(强制判刑) movement has really changed the US prison size.The mandatory sentencing movement typically stated the minimum number of prison years for certain crimes people committed.It swept the United States in the 1970s,driving the state prison population up from less than 200,000to about 1.4million today and made prisoning budgets the second-fastest-growing state expense,only second to Medic-aid.But the current sentencing reforms in a growing number of states are starting to reverse that trend-causing the prison population to decline by about 3.8percent since 2009.
Central to the state reforms is a relatively new and more complicated way of information analysis about the law-breaker-including criminal history,drug abuse(滥用) and instances of anti-social behavior-to assess the likelihood of that individual's committing a new crime.And by examining data,the states can revise policies to discourage them from going back to prison.
Many states have found that many people go back to prison not for committing new crimes but for technical mild violations(违反),like failing drug tests or abnormal behaviors due to mental problems.With that knowledge,these states have moved to less costly and more effective actions to replace jail stay.Today,they tend more to send these people for community service.
Some states are also jumping at what is known as the"justice reinvestment"approach,under which they channel significant sums of money into the existing programs on drug treatment and mental health,two main issues behind crimes for many law-breakers.
Despite the advantages of a risk-assessment approach,some states are still flying blind mainly because they don't have the resources to gather data.Moreover,a study has noted,handling high-risk and low-risk criminals in the same way is a big mistake,as"low risk individuals have an increased likelihood of committing crimes again when they receive treatment or services in the same programs as medium-and high-risk individuals."

(Note:Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)
78.The mandatory sentencing movement had greatly increased prison population throughstating a minimum number of prison years for certain crimes.
79.What is the essential content of today's sentencing reforms?Anew and more complicated way of criminal information analysis
80.What is many states'softer punishment for minor offences?communityservice.
81.Risk-assessment method is not adopted by all the states primarily because oflack of resources.

分析 本文讲述了在最近的几年,美国采取了强制判刑的制度使美国囚犯的人数急剧下降.

解答 78.stating a minimum number of prison years for certain crimes 细节理解题.第一段The mandatory sentencing movement typically stated the minimum number of prison years for certain crimes people committed可以看出,强制判刑制度使美国囚犯数量增加主要是通过最阐述某种罪行的最低监禁年数.由此可以概括出答案.
79.A new and more complicated way of criminal information analysis.细节概括题.第一段提到美国监狱制度进行了改革,主要内容 a relatively new and more complicated way of information analysis,即用一种相对新并且更复杂的信息分析方式.
80.community service.细节理解题.在第三段内容里,提到美国有些州采取更有效的方法来应对犯罪,more effective actions to replace jail stay.Today,they tend more to send these people for community service.即让这些人到社区去进行服务.抓住关键词如community service.
81.lack of resources 细节概括题.最后一段Despite the advantages of a risk-assessment approach,some states are still flying blind mainly because they don't have the resources to gather data这句可以看出,有些州不采取Risk-assessment 主要因为他们缺少收集这些数据的资源.有些关键词可以提示答案比如 because 但要控制字数.

点评 本文是叙述类的阅读表达,要求学生在阅读理解的基础上,根据短文后的题目,在文中找到相关的内容,并用简洁、准确的句子,将理解的内容,书面表达出来.做题时,注意表达的内容不要超出规定的字数.

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11.A.How to deal with listening practice
B.Class atmosphere matters a lot in learning
C.Monitoring activities is one of the main tasks of teachers
D.How to evaluate student performance
E.Group work needs organizing properly
F.Communication skills play a big role in language learning

Both instructors and learners can get benefits from the following learning strategies as long as they are properly made use of in language learning.
61.F.
The information presented in this section focuses on specific conversation,discussion,or presentation skills.The activities arc generally self-explanatory,with students expressing opinions,making decisions,solving problems,planning presentations,and so on.Engaged in these activities,students have the possibility of communicating with each other in class.This section also includes lists of expressions used to illustrate different language functions,such as agreeing,disagreeing,and asking for clarity in order to help students expand their knowledge of English.
62.B.
in a speaking or listening course,students'anxieties can affect their learning.For this reason,it is important to establish a friendly,relaxed classroom environment.It may help students 10 think of the classroom as a laboratory where they can experiment and take risks with the language.In such circumstances,students should realize that errors are a natural and expected part of learning a language.In addition,one of the goals of this pan is to encourage students to examine their awn opinions and values while at the same time showing respect for the opinions and values of others.
63.E.
Many of the activities in this section involve the students'cooperating work in class.Generally,such an activity taken up by four members seem to work the best.Groups of three or five members may also be effective,depending on the activity.The first unit includes guidelines for organizing group work,with students taking on the following roles:leader,reader,summarizer,reporter,and observer(if necessary).Organizing all activities in this way makes the course truly learner-centered since students must take fall responsibility for carrying out each activity.As for seating,group members should arrange their seats or chairs in a small circle to encourage interaction.
64.C.
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65.D.
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