题目内容

13.Gallows humor(黑色幽默) may seem like a mistake,or at least in poor taste.But psychologists say that gallows humor can be an important way to relieve stress."Humor makes you feel in control and it can give you that feeling that everything is okay even when it's not,"says James M.Jones,a psychology professor at the University of Delaware.
Psychologists say that just because you're laughing doesn't mean you're wasting time.Occasional tease among colleagues,particularly if it is associated with the job,can inspire creativity,departmental cohesiveness(凝聚力) and performance.
"There are a lot of stresses out there,"says Ed Dunkelblau,a psychologist in Chicago."Gallows humor is a way of making difficult things a little less difficult."
This is as long as the humor is used for the right purpose.The main point of it should be inspiring people-not laughing at them."Anything that would lift morale(士气) in terms of the company would be good humor,"says Thierry Guedj,a professor.
You want to give your employees and co-workers a sense of belonging,so don't make observations that are aggressive.Most obviously,Dr.Guedj says,don't make comments about people's physical appearance or faith.If you have any doubt about its appropriateness,don't go through with it.
Or you can take aim at the person that you know won't be offended(冒犯):yourself."If there's going to be a joke or story,it should be you,"Mr Dunkelblau says.
"People with the ability to laugh at themselves can give other people permission to laugh at themselves,too,"Mr Jones says."And if you can laugh at yourself,you feel better about yourself."

60.According to the passage,gallows humor has the following functions EXCEPTA.
A.leading to a big mistake               B.reducing pressure
C.making people more creative            D.improving performance
61.What is Ed Dunkelblau's attitude towards gallows humor?B
A.Negative.          B.Positive.
C.Neutral.           D.Uncertain.
62.When people use gallows humor,they shouldD.
A.observe who is aggressive
B.show a sense of belonging
C.doubt about the result of humor
D.try to avoid involving private things
63.What can we infer from the passage?B
A.People tend to laugh at others rather than themselves.
B.Laughing at yourself can make others free from stress.
C.People can't avoid offending others with gallows humor.
D.People who laugh at themselves are easy to gain others'permission.

分析 文章讲述了黑色幽默的作用,是释放压力的一种重要方式,适当的幽默可以增加团队的凝聚力,也可以减少困难,鼓舞士气.同时也讲述了要适当的使用,如果方式和场合不正确可能会引起负面作用.

解答 60.A.细节判断题.psychologists say that gallows humor can be an important way to relieve stress boost creativity,departmental cohesiveness(凝聚力)and performance.心理学家说黑色幽默是释放压力的重要方式,也能够促进创造力,各部门的凝聚力和他们的执行力,故选A.
61.B.细节理解题.第一自然段讲述了黑色幽默是减少压力的作用,可以让你感觉到不好的事情也都一切顺利了;第二自然段讲述了黑色幽默可以激发人的创造力,凝聚力和执行力等;第三自然段说明可以使困难减少等说明作者对黑色幽默是肯定的.故答案应为B.
62.D.细节理解题.根据文章you can take aim at the one person you know won't be offended(冒犯)句意为不要对任何人有所冒犯,也就是说在黑色幽默时,不要刺激任何人.故选D.
63.B.细节理解题.根据文章People with the ability to laugh at themselves can give other people permission to laugh at themselves too,与if you can laugh at yourself,you feel better about yourself."意思为:能够自嘲的人也可以让其它的人嘲笑他们自己,如果你能够嘲笑自己,就就对自己感觉良好.因此自嘲也能够减少他人的压力;故选B.

点评 考察学生的细节理解和推理判断能力,做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句,和题干进行比较,再做出正确的选择.在做推理判断题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实,要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断.

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69.From Advertisement 1,we can supposeD.
    A.cats and dogs are not permitted in the flats
    B.the flats have furniture in them
    C.the flats are far from Indiana University
    D.gas and water bills are included in the rent
70.Advertisement 1 suggests that persons who are interested in the flats mustD.
    A.see the flats on Monday or Saturday
    B.call for an appointment if they want to see the flats from nine to five Monday through Saturday
    C.see the flats before five o'clock during weekdays
    D.call for an appointment if they want to see the flats on Sunday or in the evening
71.While you stay in Lincoln College of English,Bwill take care of you.
    A.the school where you study             B.the family you have chosen
    C.your classmates                        D.your own parents.
4.Electronic devices are changing the way people listen to music.
Global Positioning Systems(GPS) are now a part of everyday driving in many countries.These satellite-based systems provide turn-by-turn directions to help people get to where they want to go.But,they can also cause a lot of problems,send you to the wrong place or leave you completely lost.Many times,the driver is to blame.Sometimes a GPS error is responsible.Most often,says Barry Brown,it is a combination of the two.
We spoke to Mr.Brown by Skype (网络电话软件).He told us about an incident involving a friend who had flown to an airport in the eastern United States.There he borrowed a GPS-equipped car to use during his stay.BARRY BROWN:"And they just plugged in an address and then set off to their destination.And,then it wasn't until they were driving for thirty minutes that they realized they actually put in a destination back on the West Coast where they lived.They actually put their home address in.So again,the GPS is kind of'garbage in garbage out'."
Mr Brown says this is a common human error.But,he says,what makes the problem worse has to do with some of the shortcomings,or failures,of GPS equipment.BARRY BROWN:"One problem with a lot of the GPS units is that they have a very small screen and they just tell you the next turn.Because they just give you the next turn,sometimes that means that it is not really giving you the overview that you would need to know that it's going to the wrong place."
Barry Brown formerly served as a professor with the University of California,San Diego.While there,he worked on a project with Eric Laurier from the University of Edinburgh.The two men studied the effects of GPS devices on driving by placing cameras in people's cars.They wrote a paper based on their research.It is called"The Normal,Natural Troubles of Driving with GPS."
It lists several areas where GPS systems can cause confusion for drivers.These include maps that are outdated,incorrect or difficult to understand.They also include timing issues(时机问题) related to when GPS commands are given.
Barry Brown says,"To make GPS systems better we need a better understanding of how drivers,passengers and GPS systems work together."
66.In paragraph 2,Mr.Brown mentioned his friend in the conversation toD.
A.build up his own reputation                  
B.laugh at his stupid friend
C.prove the GPS system is only garbage         
D.describe an example of human error
67.What is the disadvantage of small screens in GPS equipment according to the text?A
A.They just provide the next turn
B.They are harmful to eyes.
C.They make drivers tired easily
D.They often break down suddenly.
68.Which of the following statements would Barry Brown most likely agree with?D
A.GPS units are to blame for most GPS service failures.
B.We should introduce higher standards for the driving license.
C.Cameras are urgently needed to help improve GPS systems.
D.Drivers,GPS systems and passengers should unite to improve GPS systems.
69.What is Mr.Brown's attitude towards GPS?C
A.Unconcerned.B.Prejudiced.C.Objective.D.Critical.
70.What would be the best title for the text?A
A.Driving with GPS can be difficult.
B.Driving confusions can be caused by small screens.
C.Driving without GPS should be much more convenient.
D.GPS equipment in driving to be deserted or improved.
1.Everyone knows you must exercise regularly to keep good health.Indeed,staying physically fit is a big part of our culture,we consider (or rightly so) that healthy people are attractive people.Since most of us want to be attractive,there is no shortage of exercise clubs,training videos,magazines and books offering to help us stay physically fit.
Unfortunately,however,our culture doesn't place the same emphasis (重视) on mental fitness.Although we tend to like men and women with strong,healthy-looking bodies,we don't have the same degree of respect or attraction for smart,educated,mentally healthy people.This is a pity,because there are great rewards for people who have developed the ability to think well.
If your mind is well trained and flexible (灵活的),you will be able to understand a great deal of what happens around you.And if you are also well educated-that is,if you understand basic science,mathematics,music,art,literature,history and so on-you will find it much easier to make good decisions throughout your life.Over the long run,this leads to a sense of control over your destiny (命运) and a much better life than otherwise (in another way).
People who are poorly educated or who don't think well-that is,people who are not mentally fit-see things differently.Their world is controlled by mysterious,often malevolent (恶意的) forces.Such people live within a system they will never master,forced to follow rules they will never understand.Although it may not be obvious,most spend their lives being manipulated (控制) by others.They are told what to do,what to think,how to spend their money,and what they should and should not aspire (渴望) to in life.
In my opinion,if you want to live well,you must be able to use your mind well.For this reason,I want you to be able to concentrate,to solve problems,to understand complex ideas,and to think clearly and quickly.Such skills will make it easier for you to make informed decisions,understand current events,choose good friends,manage your money well,make wise long-term decisions and appreciate music,art and literature.
The key to developing such skills is to enjoy learning,and to have the ability and motivation to teach yourself.
67.The writer of the passage feels disappointed thatC.
A.too little has been done to help people to keep physically fit
B.too much has been done to help people to keep physically fit
C.mentally healthy people are not as popular as physically healthy people
D.physically healthy people are not as popular as mentally healthy people
68.The underlined word"this"in the 3rd paragraph meansC.
A.the understanding of a great deal of what goes on around you
B.the understanding of basic science and mathematics
C.being able to make good decisions in life
D.good training in body and mind
69.The writer of this passage thinks those who are not mentally fitB.
A.live a poor and mysterious life       
B.can't control over their life
C.often do what others do           
D.enjoy being fooled and ruled
70.The best title of the passage will most probably beD.
A.Train Your Body                   
B.Think Hard and Work Hard
C.Make Informed Decisions           
D.Train Your Mind.
8.As the new term starts,freshmen around the world are asking the same question:how can I make the best of four years at college?The New York Times received suggestions recently from PhD students and seniors at some of the top universities.Here is their advice.
"Many young people today are raised in a protective cocoon(茧)",wrote Tim Novikoff,a PhD student at Comell."College is a time to explore the world beyond and a chance to learn new things about yourself.Take classes in different subjects.Try lots of different clubs and activities."
Remember also to take some time away from campus,suggested Willie Lin,a student at Washington University."If you spend all of your time in school,then it becomes too easy to let criticism from an unkind professor or a conflict with a roommate take up large proportions."
Try to find work assisting a researcher or a professor---this is the advice from Aman Singh Gill,a PhD student at Stony Brook University.And he also said,"With a window into the world of research,you will find yourself thinking more critically,accepting fewer states at face value and perhaps developing a brave sense of what you can accomplish."
Many young people can't imagine even a single day without devices such as computers and cell phones.But try to keep yourself off them,cautioned Christine Smallwood,a PhD student at Columbia University.
Start by scheduling a few Internet-free hours each day,with your phone turned off.It's the only way you'll be able to read anything serious."This will also have the benefit of making you harder to reach,and thus more mysterious and fascinating to new friends and acquaintances(熟人),"she suggested.

63.The underlined sentence in Paragraph 3means we shouldB.
A.spend more time at school
B.take some time out of school
C.listen to criticism more
D.not argue with roommates
64.Who thinks it is important to consider something critically?A
A.Aman Singh Gill     B.Christine Smallwood
C.Tim Novikoff        D.Willlie Lin
65.As for modern information devices,the last two paragraphs mean to tell usC.
A.to keep ourselves off them forever not to use them
B.to turn them off
C.to make a schedule to use them
D.not to use them
66.This passage is mainly aboutA.
A.tips from some students for college life
B.ways to read something serious regularly
C.days without cell-phones and computers
D.chances to go to university you really like.
18.Dear Rudyard Kipling,
Father has consistently tried to instill(灌输) a sense of being a man in me ever since I was very young.When I reached the age of twelve he began taking me to his auto body shop.He told me this tough job would build me into a man of character.But this all changed a year ago when my mother passed away and stumbled upon your poem,If.
My mother was the person who could understand me.If I ever got tired during my work hours at the shop I could call her to come and pick me up.It was my mother who instilled the love of literature and languages in me.My mother spoke six languages fluently and had thousands of books,which still sit in the attic of our house.It was in this"library"of hers that I picked up a book of poetry from a cold metal shelf and found your poem,If.
Because of the death of my mother I felt alone,as if I belonged to no family.The image of a man was completely shattered when I saw   him break down and cry,which looked so pathetic(凄惨的)and"unmanly"compared to his usual stoic(禁欲主义者)and emotionless countenance.Yet I remained silent remembering the golden words:"If you can keep your head when all about you/Are losing theirs and blaming it on you…you'll be a Man,my son!"
If reminded me to remain calm and"keep my head"because I wanted to be a man and wanted to be the one supporting my family.I sacrificed my ability to compete in a winter sport so that I could stay home and cook for my family and clean the house.My father saw this and our relationship has grown much stronger.He finally respected me for who I was and told me he was proud to have a man for his son.Through this poem,I realize that to be a man is not about putting weights on a barbell(杠铃)but rather putting the weight of others on your back.
Your poem was so much more than just a simple list of guidelines or morals that some see it as; it really changed my life and my relationship with my dad.

41.According to the passage,what kind of person does the author's father expect him to be?A
A.A person who will shoulder responsibilities.
B.A person who knows how to earn a lot of money.
C.A person who knows how to do housework.
D.A person who respects his parents.
42.Who does the underlined word"him"in paragraph 3refer to?C
A.the character in the poem     B.the author's father
C.the author                    D.an unknown person
43.According to the passage,a man in the author's mind would have the following qualities EXCEPTD.
A.responsible           B.calm   
C.caring                D.enthusiastic
44.We can learn from the passage thatA.
A.the poem has helped to improve the relationship between the author and his father
B.the author would not know how to help his family without the poem
C.the author's father must have read the poem as well
D.the author's mother had told him about this poem before
45.The author has written this letter toB.
A.share with Rudyard Kipling his sadness resulting from the death of his mother
B.show his appreciation for the positive influence the poem has brought to him
C.share his opinion on the poem
D.tell Rudyard Kipling how he got the poem.
5.I travel a lot,and I find out different"styles"of directions every time I ask"How can I get to the post office?"
Foreign tourists are often confused (困惑的) in Japan because most streets there don't have names;in Japan,people use landmarks in their directions instead of street names.For example,the Japanese will say to travelers,"Go straight down to the corner.Turn left at the big hotel and go past a fruit market.The post office is across from the bus stop."
In the countryside of the American Midwest,there are not usually many landmarks.There are no mountains,so the land is very flat;in many places there are no towns or buildings within miles.Instead of landmarks,people will tell you directions and distances.In Kansas or Iowa,for example,people will say,"Go north two miles.Turn east,and then go another mile."
People in Los Angeles,California,have no idea of distance on the map;they  measure distance in time,not miles."How far away is the post office?"You ask."Oh,"they answer,"it's about five minutes from here."You say,"Yes,but how many miles away is it?"They don't know.
It's true that a person doesn't know the answer to your question sometimes.What happens in such a situation?A New Yorker might say,"Sorry,I have no idea."But in Yucatan,Mexico,no one answers"I don't know".
People in Yucatan believe that"I don't know"is impolite.They usually give an answer,often a wrong one.A tourist can get very,very lost in Yucatan!
72.When a tourist asks the Japanese the way to a certain place,they usuallyD.
A.describe the place carefully        
B.show him a map of the place
C.tell him the names of the streets     
D.refer to recognizable buildings and places
73.What is the place where people measure distance in time?B
A.New York.B.Los Angeles.C.Kansas.D.Iowa.
74.People in Yucatan may give a tourist a wrong answerC.
A.in order to save time  
B.as a test   
C.so as to be polite 
D.for fun
75.What can we infer from the text?A
A.It's important for travelers to understand cultural differences.
B.It's useful for travelers to know how to ask the way correctly.
C.People have similar understandings of politeness.
D.New Yorkers are generally friendly to visitors.
2.Glaucoma(青光眼)is a major cause of blindness around the world,especially in developing countries.The World Health Organization says glaucoma is a greater public health challenge than cataracts (白内障),because the blindness caused by the latter can be cured after operations.
Glaucoma is a disease that makes people around the world lose their sight,and they usually don't even know they have the disease until it has permanently destroyed at least 40percent of their sight.The process is usually so painless and subtle(不明显的),so people don't notice it.Actually,the simplest medical test can discover it.
"It is the leading cause of blindness in the United States.In Hispanics and in African-Americans,it's the second leading cause of blindness and so is the case in the Chinese and Indians."said Dr.Alan Robin,a specialist in treating glaucoma."The glaucoma we see in sub-Saharan Africa is a much more aggressive blinding disease than the glaucoma we see in Americans or even African-Americans in the United States."he said.
Dr.Eric Fleischer also sees these differences  at Medstar Washington Hospital Center."Pretty much anybody who has ancestors in Africa has an increased chance of developing glaucoma."Age is another thing that may lead to glaucoma,although people of all ages carl get it.
Glaucoma is a group of diseases that commonly produce pressure in the eye.An eye is sort of like a watch.And behind the face of the watch,liquid is made.It goes through your pupil (瞳孔)and into me front of the watch between the face and the crystal.There's an area around the edge of the watch that drains(使排出)the liquid.When that drain is blocked,the liquid can't 1eave the eye as fast as it is produced.The rising pressure within the eye damages and eventually kills the optic (视觉的) nerve.The result is blindness.
Fortunately,if caught early,glaucoma can be controlled.Glaucoma is not curable.but as researchers worldwide leam more about it,they grow more hopeful that glaucoma can one day be cured or even prevented.

68.In which country is glaucoma the biggest danger to people's sight?C
A.In China.      B.In India.  
C.In the USA.    D.In Japan.
69.What do the underlined words"these differences"(in Para 4 ) refer to?A
A.The differences in regions(地区).   B.The cultural differences.
C.The differences in age.               D.The physical differences.
70.What does Para 5mainly talk about?D
A.The structure of eyes.              B.The function of eyes.
C.The bad influence of glaucoma.      D.How glaucoma causes blindness.
71.From the passage,we can learn that.D.
A.it is hard for medical tests to discover glaucoma
B.people in developed countries hardly develop glaucoma
C.glaucoma only causes blindness among old people
D.the research on glaucoma is still going on worldwide.
3.Long ago in a small town,there was a place known as the House of 1,000Mirrors.A happy little dog learned of this place and decided to visit.
When he arrived,he bounced happily up the stairs to the doorway of the house.He looked through the doorway with his ears lifted high and his tail wagging as fast as it could.To his great surprise,he found himself staring at 1,000other happy little dogs with their tails wagging just as his.He smiled a great smile,and was answered with 1,000great smiles just as warm and friendly.As he left the house,he thought to himself,"This is a wonderful place.I will come back and visit often."
In this same town,another little dog,who was not quite as happy as the first one,decided to visit the house.He slowly climbed the stairs and hung his head low as he looked into the door.When he saw the 1,000unfriendly looking dogs staring back at him,he growled at them and was horrified to see 1,000little dogs growling back at him.As he left,he thought to himself,"This is a horrible place,and I will never go back there again."
All the faces in the world are mirrors.What kind of reflections do you see on the faces of the people you meet?

29.Why was the first dog surprised when he entered the house?A
A.Because he didn't expect to see so many happy dogs.
B.Because he didn't know there were 1,000mirrors in the house.
C.Because he was always in a mixed mood.
D.Because he saw so many dogs smiling at him.
30.Why did the first dog like the house?D
A.Because there were 1,000mirrors in the house.
B.Because he thought he could keep himself warm in the house.
C.Because he liked the mirrors.
D.Because he felt he was welcome here.
31.The underlined word"growled"probably means.A
A.made an unfriendly noise   B.smiled
C.said hello                 D.stared
32.Which of the following is the most suitable title for the passage?B
A.A Happy Little Dog
B.The House of 1,000Mirrors
C.The Wonderful Place and the Horrible Place
D.Two Little Dogs.

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