题目内容
13.Temperature is measured by means of a thermometer (温度计).One general form of thermometer depends upon the fact that most solids and liquids expand as their temperature rises.There are one or two exceptions.There is,for instance,a kind of steel called invar (from"invariable") which does not change its dimensions as temperature changes; it is valuable for making pendulums (钟摆),since,if the length of a pendulum changes,its time of vibration changes.It is also used for making very accurate measuring scales.In both cases,then,changes of atmospheric temperature have no effect if invar is used.Another exception is that very odd liquid,water,which has many strange properties (特性).As water gets colder it contracts (收缩),which is ordinary behavior,until it reaches the temperature of 30℃.above freezing point.After that,as it gets colder,it expands.This is fortunate---for considering the freezing of a pond.As the water on top gets colder,it shrinks; and so,volume for volume,it becomes heavier and sinks.This goes on until all the pond is at 30℃,but after that,as the water becomes colder it expands.Therefore the colder water stays on top and freezes,covering the pond with ice.If the water went on contracting down to the freezing point,the pond would become a solid block of ice in the end.This would not worry people who live in hot climates,but it would be very serious for those who live in cold climates,especially for those who want to break the ice and catch fish which live in the cold water beneath.
56.Invar is valuable for making pendulums becauseA.
A.it can hardly change its shape or size as temperature changes.
B.it will change its dimensions without the change of temperature.
C.its time of vibration doesn't change if its length changes.
D.its time of vibration does not change if its length changes.
57.As water gets colder after reaching the temperature of 30℃.it willc.
A.contract B.shrink C.expand D.freeze
58.Which of the following statements is true,according to this passage?D
A.Only invar can be used to make a thermometer.
B.Only water can be used to make a thermometer.
C.Both invar and water can be used to make a thermometer.
D.Neither invar nor water can be used to make a thermometer.
59.The best title of this passage is most likely to beB.
A.Temperature Measurement
B.Two Exceptions
C.Uses of Invar
D.Properties of Water.
分析 本文为科普类的说明文,文章介绍了虽然大多数物质都是热胀冷缩,但是不胀钢和水是两个特例;不胀钢不会随着温度的变化而改变大小和形状,所以适合做钟摆;水在30°以上热胀冷缩,但是到了30°向下,就会随着温度的下降而膨胀.
解答 56.A.细节理解题.由文章第一段第四句中"which does not change its dimensions as temperature changes"可知不胀钢不随着温度的改变而热胀冷缩;由第五句中"it is valuable for making pendulums (钟摆),since,if the length of a pendulum changes,its time of vibration changes."可知如果钟摆的长度改变了时间就不准确,故判断不胀钢被用来做钟摆是因为它的形状和大小不会随温度的改变而变化,所以答案选择A.
57.C.细节理解题.A和B表示"收缩";C表示"膨胀";D表示"结冰";根据第二段的第三句"After that,as it gets colder,it expands.那以后,随着温度降低体积膨胀",that指代上文提到的"30℃.above freezing point零上30度",故答案选择C.
58.D.细节推断题.由第一段中"One general form of thermometer depends upon the fact that most solids and liquids expand as their temperature rises."可知,温度计的一个原理是基于大多数骨头和液体热胀冷缩;而invar(不胀钢) 和 water 是两个热胀冷缩的例外,故推断它们不适合用来做温度计,因此答案选择D.
58.B.主旨大意题.本文由温度计基于大多数固体和液体热胀冷缩的原理引出两个特殊的不遵循热胀冷缩的特例--不胀钢和水,故答案选择B.
点评 阅读理解要在整体理解文章的基础上,关注细节:阅读强调整体把握;解题强调依据原文细节推敲推断.

A. | are needed to | B. | is needed to | C. | are needed for | D. | is needed for |
Too busy (51)D physical pain and obvious mobility limitation,I was not aware of this change at first.I was determined to (52)D,feeling good about the progress I had made,as I moved forward.
(53)C,as I made my first excursion outside the hospital,society had already assigned me a new status.Happy to be free of my restriction in the hospital,I rolled through the shopping mall-a (54)C survivor,feeling like a war hero.Unfortunately,I had a rude (55)A as I discovered that others did not view me in the way I had come to view myself.
All eyes were upon me,yet no one dared to make eye contact.Their efforts to(56)D my eyes forced me to realize they saw only my missing legs.Mothers (57)B held their children closer as I passed.Elderly women patted me on the head saying,"God Bless You!"with (58)A in their eyes.
While I sat thinking about what had happened,a small girl came up to me.She stared with unembarrassed (59)A at the empty pants.Finding nothing there,she looked up at me with a puzzled look,she innocently asked,"Lady,where did your legs go?"
I explained that my legs had been sick.Since my legs hadn't been strong and healthy like hers,the doctors had to (60)C them.Leaning her head upwards,she asked,"Did they go to‘Leg Heaven'?"
That incident made me think about how (61)A children and adults react to the unknown.To a child,an odd appearance is an interesting curiosity and a(62)B learning experience while adults often view the same thing with fear and horror.I began to realize that,I,too had been (63)B of the same inappropriate reactions before I knew what life was like for an amputee.
To fulfill the wholeness of my mind and spirit,I now smile warmly,make eye contact,and speak in a confident manner.By using a (64)C approach,I attempt to enlighten society about the fact that having a not-so-perfect body doesn't mean having a poor quality of life.
50.A.comfort | B.fear | C.hatred | D.sadness |
51.A.crying with | B.figuring out | C.holding back | D.dealing with |
52.A.endure | B.quit | C.revenge | D.succeed |
53.A.Instead | B.Moreover | C.However | D.Therefore |
54.A.calm | B.poor | C.proud | D.rare |
5.A.awakening | B.ending | C.happening | D.proceeding |
56.A.turn | B.hold | C.catch | D.avoid |
57.A.softly | B.protectively | C.reluctantly | D.pleasantly |
58.A.pity | B.anger | C.depression | D.upset |
59.A.curiosity | B.determination | C.enthusiasm | D.satisfaction |
60.A.lose | B.adjust | C.remove | D.stretch |
61.A.differently | B.positively | C.strangely | D.sympathetically |
62.A.painful | B.potential | C.similar | D.common |
63.A.conscious | B.guilty | C.ignorant | D.short |
64.A.creative | B.flexible | C.positive | D.scientific |