题目内容

When you run, you put force that is equal to three times your body weight on your feet. The human foot contains twenty muscles. This means that there is a lot that can go wrong when you run.
Most sports have some kind of running or jumping So experts at many shoe companies work hard to design good sport shoes. First, a designer enters a plan for a shoe into a computer .Engineers then improve the design. A second computer designs a model for the shoe. Then a few pairs are made. Next, the shoe is tested.
Different kinds of sports shoes are made for different uses. Some are made to help marathon(马拉松) runners save energy during a race. Some are made for the stop-and-go kind of running tennis players. But all sport shoes have one thing in common: they are designed to help people’s feet comfortable during sports. Today, nearly every sport has its own special shoe designed for just the kind of running that sport needs.
小题1:The first in making a new shoe is to ________.
A．make a computerB．put a design plan into a computer
C．design a shoe modelD．test several pairs
小题2:Why are good sport shoes welcome to people?
A．Because they are comfortable to wear.
B．Because they help to develop leg muscles.
C．Because they help to change body weight.
D．Because they are both good and cheap.
小题3:What is not talked about in the passage?
A．The number of the bones of human muscles.
B．The design for a shoe model.
C．The materials of sport shoes.
D．The effect of shoes upon sports.
小题4:How many steps are there in the making of a shoe?
A．ThreeB．FourC．FiveD．Six
小题5:Different kinds of sport shoes ________.
A．are made in different shoe companies
B．are designed for people of the different weight
C．are of the same price
D．meet the needs of different sportsmen

小题1:B
小题2:A
小题3:C
小题4:C
小题5:D

试题分析：文章介绍了运动鞋的制作步骤，不同的运动鞋有不同的功能，主要是为了人们穿的舒服。
小题1:细节题：从第二段的句子：First, a designer enters a plan for a shoe into a computer .可知是先在电脑里面设计鞋子。选B
小题2:细节题：从第三段的句子：But all sport shoes have one thing in common: they are designed to help people’s feet comfortable during sports.可知这些鞋子是为了人们穿的舒服。选A
小题3:排除题：文章第一段提到A项，第二段提到B项，第三段提到D，没有提到C。
小题4:细节题：从第二段的句子：First, a designer enters a plan for a shoe into a computer .Engineers then improve the design. A second computer designs a model for the shoe. Then a few pairs are made. Next, the shoe is tested.可知是做个鞋子是需要五步，选C。
小题5:细节题：从最后一句话：nearly every sport has its own special shoe designed for just the kind of running that sport needs.可知不同的设计是为了满足运动的需求。选D。
点评：文章介绍了运动鞋的制作步骤，不同的运动鞋有不同的功能，主要是为了人们穿的舒服。这类文章结构清晰易懂，集中考查了句意理解题和细节题，要求考生有较强的细节理解能力。做题时也可以结合自己的生活常识和经验，再通过逻辑推理和判断。
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UGG boots have been a winter-weather fashion for several years now, combining function, comfort, warmth and even some style. What many UGG enthusiasts don’t know is that their boots are a breeding ground for bacteria and causes foot problems.
Doctors believe the boots, which are particularly popular among young teenage girls, are leading to a rise in the number of people suffering pains in their feet and knees.
Dr. Ian Drysdale, head of the British College of Osteopathic Medicine, believes because the foot does not get the proper support on the inside, it will lead to more ankle, knee, hip and back problems. “ These boots are not designed for outside wear. Just because something becomes a trend or fashionable doesn’t mean it’s good or right,” he said. “ The particular problem with this type of footwear is that it is unsupported. It is a slipper. You wouldn’t normally expect to be doing outdoor activities from something that’s indoor. If you decide to wear your pajamas outside all the time, someone will come up and say it’s not a good idea.” Dr. Drysdale explained that the feet issues become a particular problem among young teenage girls, whose bones are “plastic” and developing when they are growing. “ If that structure is developing in an inappropriate way,” he said, “then the ultimate structure will be deformed.”
UGG Australia, who makes the designer version of the boots, told The Daily Mirror that their boots are “comfort” rather than “performance” footwear and consumers should be aware of “knockoffs(仿制品)” which lack reinforce heels in their boots.
小题1: Teenage girls prefer to wear UGG boots because of the following except__________.
A．designB．comfortC．qualityD．warmth
小题2:According to Dr.Ian Drysdale,____________.
A．there is a possibility that bacteria will multiply in UGG boots
B．wearing UGG boots will lead to more ankle and toe problems
C．it’s not a good idea to wear boots like UGG outside all the time.
D．teenage girls’ bones are plastic enough to wear UGG boots
小题3: The underline word “deformed” is closest in meaning to_______.
A．shapedB．strengthenedC．reformedD．damaged
小题4:Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A．Potential Harm of UGG BootsB．The Popularity of UGG Boots
C．The Unique Design of UGG BootsD．Benefits of UGG Boots
The Healthy Habits Survey（调查）shows that only about one third of American seniors have correct habits. Here are some findings and expert advice.
1. How many times did you brush your teeth yesterday?
·Finding：A full 33% of seniors brush their teeth only once a day.
·Step：Remove the 300 types of bacteria in your mouth each morning with a battery-operated toothbrush. Brush gently for 2 minutes, at least twice a day.
2. How many times did you wash your hands or bathe yesterday?
·Finding：Seniors, on average, bathe fewer than 3 days a week. And nearly 30%wash their hands only 4 times a day-half of the number doctors recommend.
·Step：We touch our faces around 3, 000 times a day-often inviting germs（病菌）to enter our mouth, nose, and eyes. Use toilet paper to avoid touching the door handle. And, most important, wash your hands often with hot running water and soap for 20 seconds.
3. How often do you think about fighting germs?
·Finding：Seniors are not fighting germs as well as they should.
·Step：Be aware of germs. Do you know it is not your toilet but your kitchen sponge（海绵）that can carry more germs than anything else? To kill these germs, keep your sponge in the microwave for 10 seconds.
小题1:What is found out American seniors?
A．Most of then have good habits.
B．Nearly 30%of then bathe three days a week.
C．All of then are fighting germs better than expected.
D．About one third of them brush their teeth only once a day
小题2:Doctors suggest that people should wash their hands          .
A．twice a dayB．three times a day
C．four times a dayD．eight times a day
小题3:Which of the following is true according to the text ?
A．We should keep from touching our faces.
B．There are less than 300 types of bacteria in the mouth.
C．A kitchen sponge can carry more germs than a toilet.
D．We should wash our hands before touching a door handle.
小题4:The text probably comes from            .
A．a guide bookB．a popular magazine
C．a book reviewD．an official document
Parkour (跑酷) is a new sport that is developing quickly in the world. The aim of parkour is to jump, climb or run over any all stair, or fence on your path easily. Usually, it is done in a city environment. Practicers take very wall or roof as their training place. If you have seen the beginning of the James Bond movie Casino Royale, then you have seen an excellent example of parkour.
David Belle, a young Frenchman, developed parkour in the 1990s. His father's experiences as a fireman as well as an acrobat(杂技演员)influenced him a lot. His childhood friend, Sebastien Foucan, is the actor in the movie Casino Royale with his parkour performance. Foucan is thought to have developed free-running, which is a more artistic and skillful type of parkour. David belle traveled to India and said one way he trained was by watching a physical one. The aim is to become so skillful, and it is almost unnecessary for you to think about the different actions in running through a path full of barriers(障碍物).
Parkour is not exactly a sport. It is not developed fro competition. It is more about learning to control mind and body in difficult situations. There are many basic movements in parkour. One example is where practicers swing through the narrow space between two bars while keeping their body level with the ground. This is called the underbar. Other movements are the tic-tac and the kong vault jump. Skillful practicers seem to get out of control of gravity.
The popularity has spread largely because of parkour videos and organizations on the Internet. And if you search on the Web, you will find parkour groups performing their skills near you.
小题1:The author wrote this text to _______
A．introduce a new sport parkourB．show how parkour is popular in the world
C．Tell the history of parkourD．explain the basic movements in parkour
小题2:Who performed parkour in the movie Casino Royale?
A．David Belle.B．James Bond.C．Sebastien Foucan. D．David Belle's father.
小题3:People learn about parkour mainly for ______.
A．the newspaperB．the InternetC．the radioD．TV
小题4:Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?
A．Children should not be allowed to do parkour.
B．Casino Royale is a movie introducing parkour
C．Most of the lovers of parkour are Internet users.
D．Parkour is a mental exercise as well as a physical one
Ten years ago I used to be very fit. I rode a bike to work and I got a lot of exercise at weekends. I used to play tennis a lot and go for long walks. In those days I didn’t earn very much. I had a job in an office. It wasn’t a very good job but I had a lot of time to do the things I enjoyed doing.
Then, about eight years ago, I got a much better job. The pay was better, but the hours were a lot longer. I bought a car and drove to work every day. I began to take people out to lunch. And I began to put on weight, too. I stopped playing tennis and going for long walks at weekends because I just didn’t have any time for things like that any more.
There’s a lot of stress in my job. Perhaps that’s why I started drinking more than I used to. For example, I used to have only half a glass of whisky when I got home, but then I started filling my glass to the top, and instead of having one glass, I would have several. I started smoking a lot, too. I never used to smoke at all.
Two months ago I had a heart attack. At first I just couldn’t believe it. Luckily it wasn’t very serious. The doctor advised me to stop smoking and to eat less. He also advised me to work less and get more exercise. But I just haven’t any time! My job takes everything out of me!
Sometimes I wonder if I should get another job. Perhaps I could do something as I used to. But if I do that, I won’t earn as much. I have a family to support. I have to think of them, too. I just don’t know what I should do. What do you think?
小题1:Compared with ten years ago, what is worse for the author now?
A．His job.B．His pay.
C．His means of transport. D．His health.
小题2:According to the passage, when the author got the better job, which of the following is NOT true?
A．He got higher pay.B．His working hours weren’t long.
C．He found it very stressful. D．He had little free time at weekends.
小题3:After the author had a heart attack, the doctor advised him ____________.
A．not to work any longer
B．to take a long vacation abroad
C．to stop smoking and take exercise
D．not to eat out any more
小题4:What can we learn about the author?
A．The author is not sure what he should do now.
B．The author has taken the doctor’s advice already.
C．The author has got another new job.
D．The author feels much better now.
As we get older, most of us worry about grey hair, wrinkles and maintaining a youthful body. But people often don’t realize the voice needs looking after. Here, Mr. Rubin, a voice expert, reveals how to keep your voice youthful.
Drink more fluid and avoid spicy food
You need water for the vocal cords(声带) to vibrate(振动) well. The body must be kept hydrated enough to make the vocal cords operate well. Drinking 1.5 liters of water a day at intervals of 15 minutes is very important. Mr. Rubin advises avoiding foods with an annoying effect on the stomach, such as onions, chili, fizzy drinks and chocolate.
Rest the throat and talk regularly
The vocal cords can be scared if you use your voice during a bad cough. If you have a case of laryngitis(喉炎) with a cold, you should rest your voice for a day or two, and seek medical advice.
Simply staying sociable and using your voice is very important. “As older people get less mobile, they can become socially isolated and speak less.” says Mr. Rubin. “The elderly need to communicate with people more. By using the vocal cords, they enable the ageing process to slow down. ”
Improve your posture
Good posture is essential to keeping the voice young, so we’d better stand properly. Exercise helps you take deeper breaths as it means there is better airflow through the voice box, producing a stronger tone.
Sing in the shower
This is one of the best ways to preserve your voice, as it keeps the larynx muscles strong while the steam lubricates(使润滑) the voice box. “Singing is gymnastics for the voice,” says Mr. Rubin. Joining a choir is one of the best ways to preserve a youthful tone.
小题1:Mr. Rubin gives us advice on ________.
A．ways to keep us from aging
B．ways to talk with other people
C．ways to keep our voice youthful
D．prevention of diseases caused by talking too much
小题2:Which of the following statements is TRUE in the opinion of Mr. Rubin?
A．We should stand properly to keep our voice youthful.
B．Professional singers’ voices tend to age quickly.
C．The steam can do great harm to the voice.
D．Taking more onions can keep us healthy.
小题3:To protect the voice, the old people should       .
A．get less mobileB．communicate with others more
C．avoid using the voiceD．lie in bed more
小题4:What can we learn from the text?
A．Most people have realized the importance of protecting voice.
B．It’s hard to keep the vocal cords strong through exercise.
C．Singing in the shower is among the best ways to keep our voice youthful.
D．Shouting now and then benefits our vocal cords.
Short people, studies have shown , are more likely to have a stroke , suffer from high blood pressures and heart disease and be bullied in school .
Now, researchers report that short people—at least in the past—were also more likely to die at a younger age than their taller peers.
Their study, published in the Journal of Epidemiology (流行病学) and Community Health , found that short bones have something to do with short life for more than 1,000 years. The conclusion was based on 490 sets of adult skeletal(骨架) remains from an archaeological(考古学的) site in northeastern England , YC dating from the 9th century to about 1850 .
About 55% of men and 73% of women died before the age of 45, and 39% of men and 56% of women died before age 30. The risk of death before age 30 declined as bone length increased.
“This study provides evidence from an archaeological sample that long bone length is connected with age at death—those with smaller bones tend to die younger,” according to Dr. D.J. Gunnell of the university of Bristol  in the UK and colleagues .
While it is not clear why short stature(身材) might be linked to earlier death , the researchers point out that height is an indicator of childhood nutrition, which may have long-lasting effect on health .
“Mechanism (身体结构) for height-mortality(死亡) associations in the past may differ from those today , for example , short stature may have increased the risk of death in childbirth and this may explain the higher risk of premature(未成熟的) mortality in women,” Gunnell and colleagues write .
“However, short bones, it would appear, have always been a marker of a short life,” the authors conclude.
小题1:The title of the passage should be        .
A．Short people and their taller peers
B．Men and women
C．Short stature and short life
D．Long life and short life
小题2:“An indicator” in Paragraph 6 means        .
A．a studyB．a markerC．a riskD．an age
小题3:Which of the following statements is Not true according to the passage?
A．People with smaller bones were more likely to die younger.
B．Women were more likely to die at a young age.
C．Short-stature women bear higher risk of death in giving birth to babies.
D．Most people were more likely to die at the age of 30 in the past.
小题4:Short stature may be caused by        .
A．less childhood nutritionB．heart disease
C．some illnessesD．high blood pressure
小题5:The topic in this passage is probably connected with
A．space medicineB．sports medicine
C．social medicineD．industrial medicine
Children brought up on healthy diets are more intelligent compared with their junk food eating partners, a new research suggests．  
Kids fed a diet packed high in fats, sugars, and processed（加工）  foods had lower IQs than those fed pasta（意大利面食）, salads and fruit,  it was found．
The effect is so great that researchers from the University of Bristol said those children with a "healthier" diet may get an IQ improvement．
Scientists stressed good diet was essential in a child's early life as the brain grows at its fastest rate during the first three years of life．
This indicated head growth at this time is linked to intellectual ability and “it is possible that good nutrition（营养） during this period may encourage excellent brain growth” ．
Scientists tracked the long term health and happiness of around 14,000 children born in 1991 and 1992 as part of the West Country's Avon Longitudinal（纵向的）Study of Parents and Children （ ALSPAC） ．
Parents were questioned about the types and frequency of the food and drink their children consumed when they were three, four, seven and eight and a half years old． According to their different changing form, these children were marked and given grades which ranged from minus two for the most healthy to10 for the most unhealthy．
In the research, IQ was measured of 4,000 children when they were eight and half years old,  using a validated（经过认证的）test－the Wechsler Intelligence Scale（韦氏儿童智力量表） for Children．
The results found after taking account of some influential factors, a leading processed food diet at the age of three was associated with a lower IQ at the age of eight and a half , whether the diet was improved after that age．
Every l point increase in dietary pattern score was associated with a l.67 fall in IQ．
小题1:Scientists stressed good diet was essential in a child’s early life because        .
A．the brain grows at its fastest rate during the first three years of life．
B．those children with a "healthier" diet must get an IQ improvement．
C．children brought up on healthy diets are less intelligent．
D．these children were given good grades．
小题2:Which of the following is NOT true?
A．Those children with a "healthier" diet may get an IQ improvement．
B．Good nutrition at any stage may encourage excellent brain growth．
C．Scientists tracked the long term health and happiness of about 14,000 children．
D．Every l point increase in dietary pattern score was associated with a l．67 fall in IQ．
小题3:The results found if a child ate a leading processed food diet when he was 3, he would          ．
A．have a higher IQ
B．have a higher IQ as long as he improved his diet
C．have one IQ when he was 8
D．have a lower IQ whether he improved his diet
小题4:What is the best title of the passage?
A．Food for thought
B．What is healthy food?
C．Healthy diet improves children's intelligence
D．How to become clever?
Researchers have found more evidence that suggests a relationship between races (种族) and rates (率) of lung cancer among smokers. A new study shows that black people and Native Hawaiians are more likely to develop lung cancer from smoking. It compared their risk to whites, Japanese-Americans and Latinos.
Researchers at the University of Southern California and the University of Hawaii did the new study. The New England Journal of Medicine published the findings. The eight-year research studied more than 180,000 people. They included present and former smokers and people who never smoked. Almost 2.000 people in the study developed lung cancer.
Researchers say genetics (遗传学) might help explain the racial and ethnic（种族的） differences. There could be differences in how people's bodies react to smoke. But environmental influences, including the way people smoke, could also make a difference.
African-Americans and Latinos in the study are reported smoking the fewest cigarettes per day. Whites are the heaviest smokers. But the scientists point out that blacks have been reported to breathe cigarette smoke more deeply than white smokers. This could fill their lungs with more of the chemicals in tobacco that cause cancer.
Scientists know that some diseases effect different groups differently. And some drug companies have begun to develop racially targeted (针对) medicines. Last June, the United States Food and Drug Administration approved a drug designed to treat heart failure in black patients. The name is BiDil. The agency called it "a step toward the promise of personalized medicine."
小题1:Researchers agree that it is     that may probably determine black people’s risk of lung cancer.
A．the larger amount of smoking than white people
B．the living style or habit of the blacks
C．the depth of cigarette smoke into their lungs
D．the physical strength to react to cigarette smoke
小题2:People in the new study are made up of         .
A．heavy smokers in AmericaB．smokers and non-smokers
C．the Asians and HawaiiansD．the black and white people
小题3:The production of BiDil referred to in the last paragraph is to     .
A．explain different races react to some diseases differently
B．tell the readers that racial differences exist in smokers
C．show a big step people have taken in the medicine area
D．support the idea that it is easy for blacks to have cancers
小题4:Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the author?
A．The way of smoking may increase the risk of lung cancer.
B．Race has nothing to do with the risk of having a lung cancer.
C．The research was started by the New England Journal of Medicine.
D．he risk of lung cancer lies I how much a person smokes.

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