题目内容
19.A team of engineers(61)has created(create)a super-thin material that could help keep buildings cool.The team developed the revolutionary new material,(62)whichis very thin and can cool objects even under direct sunlight.The material does not need energy to work(63)nor/neitherdoes it need water to help keep things cool.The engineers say(64)thenew material could provide an answer to air conditioners,which are expensive(65)to run(run).The material is unlike anything(66)found(find) in nature.It is just 50micrometers thick.That's slightly(67)thicker(thick) than the aluminum foil(锡箔纸)we use for cooking.The engineers explained how their new material works.They said when it is put on top of something,two things happen.It cools the object underneath by(68)reflecting(reflect) the sun's rays back into space.At the same time,the material removes the object's own heat and sends that into the air.An engineer said:"We're excited about the opportunity to explore potential uses in different scientific(69)fields(field)."Another researcher said:"Just 10to 20square meters of this material on the rooftop could(70)nicely(nice) cool down a house in summer."
分析 短文主要对一种新材料进行介绍.
解答 61.has created,考查谓语动词,根据语境表示"已经创造出一种超级薄的材料",表示动作发生在过去并对现在造成影响,应使用现在完成时.
62.which,考查定语从句,句子先行词是the revolutionary new material,引导非限制性定语从句应使用which来引导.
63.nor/neither,考查副词,根据语境表示"也不需要水来冷却事物",因此使用否定词nor或neither引起的倒装.
64.the,考查冠词,此处是特指这种新材料,因此使用定冠词the.
65.to run,考查不定式,此处是固定搭配"sth.be+adj.+to do sth."做某事是怎样的,因此使用动词不定式.
66.found,考查非谓语,find与其逻辑主语anything构成被动的关系,因此使用过去分词found.
67.thicker,考查形容词比较级,句中有than,因此此处使用形容词比较级thicker.
68.reflecting,考查动名词,前有介词by,后接动词的动名词形式.
69.fields,考查名词,field是可数名词,表示"不同的领域"应使用名词的复数形式.
70.nicely,考查副词,此处应使用副词修饰谓语动词.
点评 对于语法填空这类题,一是懂得分析句子结构,二是知道充当各个句子成分的词类或词性,从语法上确定答案,当然,对于某些固定搭配也要牢记,在平时的学习中要多积累这些词汇或短语,对于句子使用的时态语态也要通过语境进行确定.
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Although it doesn't show up clearly in any personality test,some people seem to be likely to create complexity.Instead of cutting to the heart of an issue and narrowing down projects,they allow the scope to keep expanding; and instead of making decisions,they always wait for more data and better analysis.
People of"complexifiers"are characterized with these behaviors,always leaving complexity in their wake and making it more difficult for colleagues,customers,and even family members to get things done.Here's a brief example:
Due to changing market conditions,a billion-dollar consumer products company was starting to see decline in market share and profitability.To turn things around,an industry expert named Phillip was brought in as a new general manager.
Phillip turned out to be a classic complexifier.At every meeting he asked for extra data and scolded his people for not knowing the answers to every detailed question he could think of.And although he was dissatisfied with some members,he kept telling HR that he wanted more time to evaluate them,so no changes were made.Eventually he reorganized the unit into a team that most of his people didn't fully understand him.The result was that market share and profitability continued to decline.
Obviously Phillip represents an extreme example of a complexifier.But all of us fall into this category from time to time.If you want to learn how to think more like a"simplifier,"here are four questions that you can ask yourself and/or discuss with your team:
How much data is enough?Complexifiers always want more information,with the hope that the next bit or byte will answer all questions and hold the key to success.Simplifiers understand that there will never be complete data and that it's necessary to create hypotheses (假设) and action plans based on an intuitive sense of how much is enough.
Have we agreed on the key issues?Rather than get locked in to a few things,complexifiers ask their people to keep multiple balls in the air.Simplifiers on the other hand narrow the focus to a few key things and give their people permission to stop doing things that don't make the cut.
Do we have an efficient process for rapid review and course correction?Complexifiers like to spend their time in long meetings,sorting through reports and analyses.Simplifiers have focused reviews of the key priorities and hold people accountable for their commitments and results.They also learn as they go,continually testing their hypotheses about what should be done against the reality of what's working and what is not.This allows them to shift course whenever necessary.
Can we explain our plan to others?Complexifiers have a hard time communicating their plans to colleagues and customers,relying on intricate (复杂的) charts and diagrams rather than simple,straightforward messages.Simplifiers tell stories that can get across the situation,the goals,and the plans-in a way that helps people understand what they need to do and how their work fits with everything else.
Some people are naturals at simplification.But for the rest of us,asking these questions can help keep us honest about whether we are avoiding complexity,or creating it.
Title:Overcome the Complexity Within You | |
(71)Characteristics/Features of complexifiers | ●They have a (72)tendency to make things complex. ●What they focus on is usually off the point. ●They are (73)crazy/madabout data collection and analysis. |
An example of a cmplexifier-Phillip | ●He demanded extra data and blamed colleagues for their (74)to answer his detailed questions. ●He claimed more time to evaluate them,but never took (75)action/measures/steps. ●What he did proved to be an (76)inefficient/ineffective process. |
Contrasts between complexifiers and simplifiers | ●Complexifiers want more information while simplifiers consider obtaining complete data (77)unnecessary. ●Complexifiers keep their people busy with multiple things whereas simplifiers focus on key things. ●Complexifiers like to (78)sort/classifydifferent reports and analysis while simplifiers focus reviews of the key priorities and results. ●Complexifiers employ complicated charts to inform people while simplifiers (79)convey messages through simple stories |
A possible solution to the problem | Asking questions can help identify if we are complexity avoiders or (80)of it. |
A. | simply | B. | sincerely | C. | somehow | D. | Yet |
A. | agricultural | B. | religious | C. | traveling | D. | persona |