People have smoked cigarettes for a long time now. The tobacco which is used to make cigarettes was first grown in what is now part of the United States. Christopher Columbus, who discovered America, saw the Indians smoking. Soon the dried leaves were transported to Europe. In the late 1800s, the Turks made cigarettes popular.

Cigarette smoke contains at least two harmful substances, tar and nicotine. Tar, which forms as the tobacco burns, damages the lungs and therefore affects breathing. Nicotine, which is found in the leaves, causes the heart to beat faster and increases the breathing rate. Nicotine in large can kill a person by stopping a person’s breathing muscles. Smokers usually take in small amounts that the body can quickly break down.

Nicotine can make new smokers feel dizzy(头晕) or sick to their stomachs. The heart rate for young smokers increases 2 to 3 beats per minute. Nicotine also lowers skin temperature and reduces blood flow in the legs and feet. It plays an important role in increasing smokers’ risk of heart disease and stroke.

Smoking cigarettes is dangerous. Cigarette smoking was the cause of lung cancer and several other deadly diseases.

1.Tobacco first appeared in ________.

A. AsiaB. AfricaC. EuropeD. America

2.What is the main purpose of the first paragraph?

A. To tell us the bad effects caused by smoking cigarettes.

B. To introduce the history of smoking.

C. To let us know what the cigarettes are made from.

D. To tell the readers that Columbus found the Indians smoking.

3.The following effects are caused by Nicotine EXCEPT that ________.

A. it can make new smokers feel dizzy or sick to their stomachs

B. it lowers skin temperature

C. it causes the heart to beat less fast

D. Nicotine will probably kill a person if a smoker takes in too much of it.

4.What’s the main idea of this passage?

A. Where did cigarettes come from?

B. The effect of smoking on your body.

C. How to smoke is healthy?

D. Who is the first smoker?

Most young architects—particularly those in big cities—can only dream about working in a building of their own. And making that dream come true often means finding a building no one else seems to want, which is exactly what happened to David Yocum and his partner, Brian Bell. Their building is a former automobile electrical-parts firm in Atlanta. From the outside, it looks too old, even something horrible, but open the door and you are in a wide, open courtyard, lined on three sides with rusting walls.

In 2000,Yocum and Bell found this building in the city’s West End. Built in 1947, the structure had been abandoned years earlier and the roof of the main building had fallen down. But the price was right, so Yocum bought it. He spent eight months of his off-hours on demolition, pulling rubbish out through the roof, because it was too dangerous to go inside the building. The demolition was hard work, but it gave him time to think about what he wanted to do, and “to treasure what was there—the walls, the rust, the light,” Yocum said. “Every season, more paint falls off the walls and more rust develops. It’s like an art installation(装置) in there—a slow-motion show.”

Since the back building had been constructed without windows, an all-glass front was added to the building to give it a view of the courtyard, and skylights were installed in the roof. The back of the building is a working area and a living room for Yocum and his wife. A sort of buffer(缓冲) zone between the front and the back contains a bathroom, a kitchen and a mechanical room, and the walls that separate these zones have openings that allow views through to the front of the studio and the courtyard beyond.

Yocum and Bell, who have just completed an art gallery for the city, feel that the experience from the decoration of their building, focusing on the inside rather than the outside, has influenced their work. It has also given these architects a chance to show how they can make more out of less.

1.According to the passage, it is_________ for most young architects in big cities to work in a building of their own.

A. unrealistic B. easy

C. unnecessary D. common

2.Working on the old building, Yocum and Bell_______.

A. removed the skylights from the bathroom

B. presented a slow-motion show in an art gallery

C. pulled rubbish out through the roof

D. built a kitchen at the back part of the old building

3.It can be inferred from the passage that Yocum and Bell ________.

A. benefited a lot from pulling down the roof

B. turned more old buildings into art galleries

C. paid more attention to the outside of the art gallery

D. got inspiration from decorating their old building

4.The main idea of the passage is that_________.

A. creative people can make the best of what they have

B. people can learn a lot from their failures

C. it is worthwhile to spend money on an old building

D. people should not judge things by their appearance

When I was a child, I had to go to church and obey many other rules, though these rules at times caused resentment (怨恨). Perhaps the most extreme parenting decision my parents made for my four brothers and sisters and me was to create a home environment without a television.

We hated this decision at that time, because there was seemingly no way to keep this embarrassing fact a secret at school. Naturally, simple pleasures like cartoons, football games, and movies became huge novelties (新奇事物). I would go over to friends’ or relatives’ houses for that access alone.

When I reached high school, my parents bought a television, though it had no cable. However, I did spend most of my childhood in a home without a television. In fact not having a television did contribute a great deal to my skills, and it also forced me to develop other valuable interests. We grew up in a small town, so my brothers and sisters and I spent time exploring streets, fields and woods. And of course I read and wrote and studied, which pushed me toward a career path.

So would I give a similar situation to my own children if I had them? I doubt it, at least not in the most extreme sense. I’m too much of a football fan, not to mention the TV serials (连续剧) like The Wire. But television or almost anything for that matter is unhealthy for kids. It can prevent them from living a full life. So maybe a reasonable answer is no cable or no video-game systems or simply setting the time limit, but I haven’t exactly worked out how to confine it yet. Although some people are against my idea, we do need limits after all.

1.From the text we can learn that ________.

A. the author didn’t like watching TV as a child

B. the author’s family seldom went to church

C. not having a TV set brought the author many benefits

D. few homes had a TV set when the author was a child

2.From the last paragraph we can learn the author thinks that ________.

A. children shouldn’t watch TV too much

B. children should be forbidden to watch TV

C. children should only watch serials and sports on TV

D. watching TV is unhealthy for both adults and children

3.Which of the following can replace the underlined word “confine” in the last paragraph?

A. Limit.B. Punish.C. Reject.D. Support.

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