题目内容

It is found that American students spend less than 15% of their time in school. While there’s no doubt that school is important, a number of recent studies reminds us that parents are even more so. A study published earlier this month by researchers at North Carolina State University, for example, finds that parental involvement — checking homework, attending school meetings and events, discussing school activities at home — has a more powerful influence on students’ academic performance than anything about the school the students attend. Another study, published in the Review of Economics and Statistics, reports that the effort put forth by parents (reading stories aloud, meeting with teachers) has a bigger impact on their children’s educational achievement than the effort devoted by either teachers or the students themselves. And a third study concludes that schools would have to increase their spending by more than $1,000 per pupil in order to achieve the same results that are gained with parental involvement.

So parents matter. But it is also revealed in researches that parents, of all backgrounds, don’t need to buy expensive educational toys or digital devices for their kids in order to give them an advantage. They don’t need to drive their offspring (子孙,后代)to enrichment classes or test-preparation courses. What they need to do with their children is much simpler: talk.

But not just any talk. Recent research has indicated exactly what kinds of talk at home encourage children’s success at school. For example, a study conducted by researchers at the UCLA School of Public Health and published in the journal Pediatrics found that two-way adult-child conversations were six times as potent in promoting language development as the ones in which the adult did all the talking. Engaging in this reciprocal(双向的) back-and-forth gives children a chance to try out language for themselves, and also gives them the sense that their thoughts and opinions matter.

The content of parents’ conversations with kids matters, too. Children who hear talk about counting and numbers at home start school with much more extensive mathematical knowledge, report researchers from the University of Chicago. While the conversations parents have with their children change as kids grow older, the effect of these exchanges on academic achievement remains strong. Research finds that parents play an important role in what is called “academic socialization” — setting expectations and making connections between current behavior and future goals. Engaging in these sorts of conversations has a greater impact on educational accomplishment.

1.Parents are even more important than schools because ______.

A. parental involvement makes up for what schools are not able to do

B. teachers and students themselves do not put in enough effort

C. parental involvement saves money for schools and the local government

D. students may well make greater achievements with parents' attention

2.It can be inferred from the 2nd paragraph that ______.

A. educational toys are unaffordable nowadays

B. digital devices can give children an advantage

C. some parents believe in enrichment classes

D. talking with children is a very simple task

3.The word "potent" is closest in meaning to ______.

A. powerful    B. difficult     C. necessary        D. resistant

4.Which of the following will more encourage children's success at school according to the passage?

A. Parents order their children to stop playing video games.

B. Parents discuss with their children the possible future career.

C. Parents lecture their children on getting too low marks on tests.

D. Parents introduce colleges around the US to their children.

 

【答案】

 

1.D

2.C

3.A

4.B

【解析】

试题分析:文章介绍了父母与孩子之间有意义的对话对孩子的教育有很大的影响。

1.推断题:从第一段第三句中:for example, finds that parental involvement — checking homework, attending school meetings and events, discussing school activities at home — has a more powerful influence on students’ academic performance than anything about the school the students attend.例如,研究发现父母的参与—检查家庭作业、参加学校会议和事件、在家讨论学校活动— 在学生学习成绩上比学生在学校所做的有更多的影响力。故选D。

2.推断题:根据第二段内容可知所有父母不需要为了给孩子提供一个优势而购买昂贵的教育玩具或数码设备。他们不需要让他们的后代上提高类或备考类课程。他们和孩子所需要做的很简单:说话。文中没有提到买齐买不起的问题,故A不正确;文中并没有说数字设备可以给孩子优势,故B不正确;文中没有说谈话是一项简单的任务,故D不正确;C项说有一些父母相信提高班,他们送孩子去上这类班就是因为他们相信,故选C。

3.推断题:powerful有力的;difficult困难的;necessary 必须的;resistant抵抗的。“two-way adult-child conversations were six times as potent in promoting language development as the ones in which the adult did all the talking”成人与孩子的双向交流在提高语言发展上比一直由成人主导的交流上有六倍的效力。A更贴近语境,故选A。

4.推断题:最后一段最后两句可知研究发现,父母在所谓的“学术社会化”扮演着重要的角色——设置期望,使目前的行为和未来的目标之间的连接。从事这类对话对教育成绩有更大的影响。故选B。

考点:考查新闻报道类短文阅读

 

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Children have their own rules in playing games. They seldom need a referee(裁判) and rarely trouble to keep scores. They don’t care much about who wins or loses, and it doesn’t seem to worry them if the game is not finished. Yet, they like games that depend a lot on luck, so that their personal abilities cannot be directly compare. They also enjoyed games that move in stages, in which each stage, the choosing of leaders, the picking-up of sides, or the determining of which side shall start, is almost a game in itself.

Grown-ups can hardly find children’s game exciting, and they often feel puzzled at why their kids play such simple game again and again. However, it is found that a child plays games for very important reasons. He can be a good player without having to think whether he is a popular person, and he can find himself being a useful partner to someone of whom he is ordinary afraid. He becomes a leader when it comes to his turn. He can be confident, too, in particular games, that it is his place to give orders, to pretend to be dead, to throw a ball actually at someone, or to kiss someone he has caught.

It appears to us that when children play a game they imagine a situation under their control. Everyone knows the rules, and more importantly, everyone plays according to the rules. Those rules may be childish, but they make sure that every child has a chance to win.

What is true about children when they play games?

   A. They can stop playing any time they like.   B. They can test their personal abilities.

   C. They want to pick a better team.          D. They don’t need rules.

To become a leader in a game the child has to _____.

   A. play                     B. wait for his turn

   C. be confident in himself      D. be popular among his playmates

What do we know about grown-ups?

   A. They are not interested in games   

B. They find children’s games too easy

   C. They don’t need a reason to play games

   D. They don’t understand children’s games

Why does a child like playing games?

   A. Because he can be someone other than himself.

   B. Because he can become popular among friends.

   C. Because he finds he is always lucky in games.

   D. Because he likes the place where he plays a game.

The writer believes that _____.

   A. children should make better rules for their games

   B. children should invite grown-ups to play with them

   C. children’s games can do them a lot of good

D. children play games without reasons


Surprisingly, no one knows how many children receive education in English hospitals, still less the content or quality of that education. Proper records are just not kept. We know that more than 850,000 children go through hospital each year, and that every child of school age has a legal right to continue to receive education while in hospital. We also know there is only one hospital teacher to every 1,000 children in hospital.
Little wonder the latest survey concludes that the extent and type of hospital teaching available differ a great deal across the country. It is found that half the hospitals in England which admit children have no teacher. A further quarter have only a part-time teacher. The special children’s hospitals in major cities do best; general hospitals in the country and holiday areas are worst off. From this survey, one can estimate that fewer than one in five children have some contact with a hospital teacher—and that contact may be as little as two hours a day. Most children interviewed were surprised to find a teacher in hospital at all. They had not been prepared for it by parents or their own school. If there was a teacher they were much more likely to read books and do math or number work; without a teacher they would only play games.
Reasons for hospital teaching range from preventing a child falling behind and maintaining the habit of school to keeping a child occupied, and the latter is often all the teacher can do. The position and influence of many teachers was summed up when parents referred to them as “the library lady” or just “the helper”. Children tend to rely on concerned school friends to keep in touch with school work. Several parents spoke of requests for work being ignored or refused by the school. Once back at school children rarely get extra teaching, and are told to catch up as best they can.
Many short-stay child-patients catch up quickly. But schools do very little to ease the anxiety about falling behind expressed by many of the children interviewed.
【小题1】Which of the following statements is true?

A.Every child in hospital receives some teaching.
B.Not enough is known about hospital teaching.
C.Hospital teaching is of poor quality.
D.The special children's hospitals are worst off.
【小题2】It can be inferred from the latest survey that________.
A.hospital teaching across the country is similar
B.each hospital has at least one part-time teacher
C.all hospitals surveyed offer education to children
D.only one-fourth of the hospital have full-time teacher
【小题3】The hospital teachers are found________.
A.not welcomed by the children and their parentsB.unnecessary
C.not quite helpfulD.capable
【小题4】In order to catch up with their school work, children in hospital usually turn to________.
A.hospital teachersB.schoolmatesC.parents D.school teachers
【小题5】We can conclude from the passage that the author is________.
A.unfavorable towards children receiving education in hospitals
B.in favor of the present state of teaching in hospitals
C.unsatisfied with the present state of hospital teaching
D.satisfied with the results of the latest survey

Surprisingly, no one knows how many children receive education in English hospitals, still less the content or quality of that education. Proper records are just not kept. We know that more than 850,000 children go through hospital each year, and that every child of school age has a legal right to continue to receive education while in hospital. We also know there is only one hospital teacher to every 1,000 children in hospital.
Little wonder the latest survey concludes that the extent and type of hospital teaching available differ a great deal across the country. It is found that half the hospitals in England which admit children have no teacher. A further quarter have only a part-time teacher. The special children’s hospitals in major cities do best; general hospitals in the country and holiday areas are worst off. From this survey, one can estimate that fewer than one in five children have some contact with a hospital teacher—and that contact may be as little as two hours a day. Most children interviewed were surprised to find a teacher in hospital at all. They had not been prepared for it by parents or their own school. If there was a teacher they were much more likely to read books and do math or number work; without a teacher they would only play games.
Reasons for hospital teaching range from preventing a child falling behind and maintaining the habit of school to keeping a child occupied, and the latter is often all the teacher can do. The position and influence of many teachers was summed up when parents referred to them as “the library lady” or just “the helper”. Children tend to rely on concerned school friends to keep in touch with school work. Several parents spoke of requests for work being ignored or refused by the school. Once back at school children rarely get extra teaching, and are told to catch up as best as they can.
Many short-stay child-patients catch up quickly. But schools do very little to ease the anxiety about falling behind expressed by many of the children interviewed.
【小题1】Which of the following statements is true?

A.Every child in hospital receives some teaching.
B.Not enough is known about hospital teaching.
C.Hospital teaching is of poor quality.
D.The special children's hospitals are worst off.
【小题2】It can be inferred from the latest survey that________.
A.hospital teaching across the country is similar
B.each hospital has at least one part-time teacher
C.all hospitals surveyed offer education to children
D.only one-fourth of the hospitals have a full-time teacher
【小题3】Hospital teachers are found________.
A.not welcomed by the children and their parentsB.necessary
C.not welcomed by the hospitalsD.capable
【小题4】In order to catch up with their school work, children in hospital usually turn to________.
A.hospital teachersB.schoolmatesC.parentsD.school teachers
【小题5】We can conclude from the passage that the author is________.
A.unfavorable towards children receiving education in hospitals
B.in favor of the present state of teaching in hospitals
C.unsatisfied with the present state of hospital teaching
D.satisfied with the results of the latest survey

The extraordinary Eastgate Building in Harare, Zimbabwe’s capital city, is said to be the only one in the world to use the same cooling and heating principles as the termite mound(白蚁堆).

????????????? Architect Mick Pearce used precisely the same strategy when designing the Eastgate Building, which has no air-conditioning and almost no heating. The building—the country’s largest commercial and shopping complex—uses less than 10% of the energy of a conventional building of its size. The Eastgate’s owners saved $3.5 million on a $36 million building because an air-conditioning equipment didn’t have to be imported.

????????????? The complex is actually two buildings linked by bridges across a shady, glass-roofed atrium(天井) open to the air. Fans suck fresh air in from the atrium, blow it upstairs through hollow spaces under the floors and from there into each office through baseboard vents(通风口). As it rises and warms, it is drawn out via ceiling vents and finally exists through forty-eight brick chimneys.

????????????? During summer’s cool nights, big fans blow air through the building seven times an hour to cool the empty floors. By day, smaller fans blow two changes of air an hour through the building, to circulate the air which has been in contact with the cool floors. For winter days, there are small heaters in the vents.

????????????? This is all possible only because Harare is 1600 feet above sea level, has cloudless skies, little dampness and rapid temperature changes—days as warm as 31 commonly drop to 14 at night. “You couldn’t do this in New York, with its hot summers and cold winters,” Pearce said.

????????????? The engineering firm of Ove Arup&Partners monitors daily temperatures. It is found that the temperature of the building has generally stayed between 23 and 25, with the exception of the annual hot period just before the summer rains in October and three days in November, when a doorkeeper accidentally switched off the fans at night. And the air is fresh—far more so than in air-conditioned buildings, where up to 30% of the air is recycled.

1.Why was Eastgate cheaper to be built than a conventional building??

A. It was designed in a smaller size.

B. No air conditioners were fixed in.

C. Its heating system was less advanced.

D. It used rather different building materials.

2.What does “it” refer to in Paragraph 3?

A. Fresh air from outside.????????????? ????????????? B. Heat in the building.????????????? ?????????????

C. Hollow space.????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????????? D. Baseboard vent.

3.Why would a building like Eastgate Not work efficiently in New York?

A. New York has less clear skies as Harare.

B. Its dampness affects the circulation of air.

C. New York covers a larger area than Harare.

D. Its temperature changes seasonally rather than daily.

4.The data in the last paragraph suggests Eastgate’s temperature control system_____.

A. allows a wide range of temperatures

B. functions well for most of the year

C. can recycle up to 30% of the air

D. works better in hot seasons

 

The extraordinary Eastgate Building in Harare, Zimbabwe’s capital city, is said to be the only one in the world to use the same cooling and heating principles as the termite mound(白蚁堆).

????????????? Architect Mick Pearce used precisely the same strategy when designing the Eastgate Building, which has no air-conditioning and almost no heating. The building—the country’s largest commercial and shopping complex—uses less than 10% of the energy of a conventional building of its size. The Eastgate’s owners saved $3.5 million on a $36 million building because an air-conditioning plant didn’t have to be imported.

The complex is actually two buildings linked by bridges across a shady, glass-roofed atrium(天井) open to the air. Fans suck fresh air in from the atrium, blow it upstairs through hollow spaces under the floors and from there into each office through baseboard vents(通风口). As it rises and warms, it is drawn out via ceiling vents and finally exists through forty-eight brick chimneys.

????????????? During summer’s cool nights, big fans blow air through the building seven times an hour to cool the empty floors. By day, smaller fans blow two changes of air an hour through the building, to circulate the air which has been in contact with the cool floors. For winter days, there are small heaters in the vents.

????????????? This is all possible only because Harare is 1600 feet above sea level, has cloudless skies, little dampness and rapid temperature swings—days as warm as 31 commonly drop to 14 at night. “You couldn’t do this in New York, with its fantastically hot summers and fantastically cold winters,” Pearce said.

The engineering firm of Ove? Arup&Partners monitors daily temperatures. It is found that the temperature of the building has generally stayed between 23 and 25, with the exception of the annual hot period just before the summer rains in October and three days in November, when a doorkeeper accidentally switched off the fans at night. And the air is fresh—far more so than in air-conditioned building, where up to 30% of the air is recycled.

1.What’s the meaning of “complex” in the second paragraph??

A. Something that is difficult to understand.

B. A group of buildings together in one place.

C. A group of things that are connected.

D. A mental state that is not normal.

2.How is fresh air from outside drawn out?

A. By fans.????????????? ????????????? ?????? B. Via ceiling vents.????????????? ?????????????

C. Through chimneys.????????????? ?? D. Via ceiling vents and through chimneys.

3.What is NOT the factor that makes Eastgate Building work well?

A. Skies without clouds.

B. Little dampness.

C. Daily rapid temperature changes

D. Seasonal rapid temperature changes.

4.In general, how is the daily temperature of the building?

A. It changes in a certain range with some exception.

B. It changes from one extreme to another.

C. It remains the same without any exception.

D. It is hard to endure.

5.What’s the main idea of the passage?

A. The engineering firm of Ove Arup&Partners.

B. How air-conditioning works.

C. Fans make Eastgate Building’s temperature comfortable.

D. How Eastgate Building’s temperature control system works.

 

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