题目内容

13.People with disabilities make up a large part of the population.It is estimated(估计) that over 35 million Americans have physical,mental,or other disabilities.About half of these disabilities are"developmental",i.e.,they occur before the individual's twenty-second birthday,often from genetic conditions,and are severe enough to affect three or more areas of development,such as mobility,communication,employment,etc.Most other disabilities are considered"adventitious",i.e.,accidental or caused by outside forces.
Prior to the 20th century,only a small percentage of people with disabilities survived for long.Medical treatment for these disabilities was unavailable.Advancements in medicine and social services have created a climate in which people with disabilities can expect to have such basic needs as food,shelter,and medical treatment.Unfortunately,these basics are often not available.Civil liberties such as the right to vote,marry,get an education,and gain employment have historically been denied on the basis of disability.
In recent decades,the disability rights movement has been organized to fight against these infringements(违反,侵犯)of civil rights.Congress responded by passing major legislation recognizing people with disabilities as a protected class under civil rights statutes.
Still today,people with disabilities must fight to live their lives independently.It is estimated that more than half of qualified Americans with disabilities are unemployed,and a majority of those who do work are underemployed.About two-thirds live at or below the official poverty level.
Significant barriers,especially in transportation and public awareness,prevent disabled people from taking part in society.For example,while no longer prohibited by law from marrying,a person with no access to transportation is effectively excluded from community and social activities which might lead to the development of long-term relationships.
Only when public attitudes advance as far as laws have will disabled people be fully able to take their rightful place in society.
1.A"developmental"disabilityB.
A.develops very slowly over time      
B.occurs in youth and affects development
C.is caused by forces                
D.is getting more and more severe
2.Most disabled people used to die early becauseB.
A.disabilities destroyed major bodily functions   
B.medical techniques were not available 
C.they were not very well looked after
D.they were too poor to get proper treatment
3.In the author's opinion,to enable the disabled people to take their rightful place in society,D.
A.more laws should be passed           
B.more public facilities should be set up
C.government should provide more aids   
D.public attitudes should be changed
4.Which of the following cannot be inferred from the passage?B
A.Many disabled people may remain single for their whole life.
B.Discriminatory(带歧视性的)laws prevent the disabled from mixing with others.
C.The public tends to look down upon the disabled people.
D.The disabled people feel inferior to(低于)those surrounding them.
5.The best title for this passage might beA.
A.Handicaps(障碍)of People with Disabilities
B.The physical difficulties of the Disabled
C.The Causes for Disabilities
D.Medical Treatments for Disabilities.

分析 本文属于说明文阅读,作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了残疾人在社会上遭遇的不公,还有怎么解决类似问题.

解答 1.B.细节理解题;从第一段对developmental"disability 的定义:About half of these disabilities are"developmental",i.e.,they occur before the individual's twenty-second birthday,often from genetic conditions,and are severe enough to affect three or more areas of development,可知发展性"残疾造成了青年发展的影响;故选B.
2.B.细节理解题:从第二段的句子:only a small percentage of people with disabilities survived for long.Medical treatment for these disabilities was unavailable.可知大多数残疾人早就死了,因为医疗技术不可用;故选B.
3.D.细节理解题:从最后一句话:Only when public attitudes advance as far as laws have will disabled people be fully able to take their rightful place in society可知作者认为,改变态度使残疾人能够在社会上获得应有的地位;故选D.
4.B.细节理解题.根据文章可知许多残疾人终生都单身,公众倾向于看不起残疾人,残疾人觉得不如(低于)周围的那些人;故选B.
5.A.主旨大意题:从文章第一段People with disabilities make up a large part of the population可知最好的标题是残疾人的障碍;故选A.

点评 考察学生的细节理解和推理判断能力,做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句,和题干进行比较,再做出正确的选择.在做推理判断题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实,要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断.

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3.Perfume (香水) has been in existence for a long time.These days,certain perfumes are considered comparable to great works of art.Here are a few of the most famous perfumes in history.
Chanel No.5
This perfume is probably the best-selling scent (气味) in the history of fragrance (香水).Created by Ernst Beaux for Coco Chanel in 1921,it has been described as"the world's most legendary fragrance",and remains the company's most famous perfume.
Shalimar
Jacques Guerlain created this vanilla fragrance in 1925.The perfume takes its name from the Garden of Shalimar,which was built by Emperor Shah Jehan for one of his wives.It was an immediate hit in 1925and is still extremely popular today.
Joy
Joy is famous for having been the most expensive perfume in the world at one point.It was created in 1930by Henri Alméras for Jean Patou to lift the bad mood that had swept over the world after the 1929stock market crash.
L'Air duTemps
Francis Farbon created Nina Ricci's L'Air du Temps in 1948.The fragrance is known for its spicy,carnation and gardenia scents as well as its beautiful crystal bottle (designed by Lalique).
Eternity
Calvin Klein's second perfume was created by Sophia Grojsman in 1988.Known for its light,flowery scent,the perfume was listed in the Fragrance Hall of Fame in 2003.It is recommended for daytime wear.
Angel
This wildly popular perfume was created in 1992by Olivier Cresp for Thierry Mugler.The perfume was an instant success.The perfume has often been described as"delicious",owing to its chocolaty scent.The perfume comes in beautiful star-shaped bottles.Angel perfume also comes in several bath and body products.

56.Who created Joy?A
A.Henri Alméras.    B.Jean Patou.
C.Sophia Grojsman.  D.Jacques Guerlain.
57.Which of the following perfumes is known for its wonderful crystal bottle?C
A.Shalimar.         B.Chanel No.5      
C.L'Air du Temps.  D.Eternity.
58.The Angel perfume has been described as delicious because ofD.
A.its spicy scent                B.its special bottle design
C.its vanilla scent              D.its chocolatey scent
59.Which of the following statements is TRUE?B
A.Emperor Shah Jehan created the Shalimar perfume for one of his wives.
B.Joy was created to cheer people up after the stock market crash.
C.Lalique created Nina Ricci's L'Air du Temps in 1948.
D.Eternity was listed into the Fragrance Hall of Fame in 1988.
60.Where can you probably see this article?D
A.In a textbook.         B.In the newspaper.
C.In a travel magazine.  D.In a fashion magazine.
4.It is not a good idea to stop the actor Richard Griffiths in the middle of a play.During the past year he had stopped performances many times at the National Theatre when mobile phones rang,and he threw out one member of the audience because she failed to turn off her phone.
So when a mobile rang out for the third time during his performance in Alan Bennett's The History Boys,he spoke angrily to the theatergoer,"I am not going to compete with these electronic devices (装置)."
Griffiths'actions led to a debate in the UK theatre world over whether phones should be forbidden by law from British theatres.Actors have already asked the govern-
ment to legalize the use of an electronic device that stops mobile phone signals in theatres.
Technology companies have"stopping"devices that send out a high-powered signal on the same frequency as a mobile phone,stopping the mobile phone signals.
However,these are forbidden in many countries because they might stop emergency (紧急情况) calls from being made.
Rosemary Squire,president of the Society of West End Theatre,said,"Phones are one of the biggest problems theatres face.We should look at equipment that could stop phones or make a London-wide theatre rule."
Nick Allott,the managing director of Sir Cameron Mackintosh's theatre group,said,"We would all welcome some ways of keeping phones from ringing but doctors and emergency workers need to be connected in a theatre and we mustn't stop that."What can we do to solve the problem?
66.The first two paragraphs are written toC.
A.tell us some information about the famous actor Griffiths
B.introduce the topic of whether or not to forbid phones in theatres
C.blame Griffiths for his rude behavior
D.give us advice on mobile phone use
67.What can we know from the second paragraph?B
A.Surely Griffiths did better than mobile phones in the theatre.
B.Griffiths didn't want mobile phones to affect his performance.
C.Griffiths was jealous that mobile phones attracted the audience's attention.
D.Griffiths taught theatergoers a lesson in the performance as a teacher.
68.According to the passage,"stopping"devicesC.
A.have the same functions as mobile phones
B.cause the biggest problem theatres have to face
C.prevent the mobile phones signals from being received
D.help doctors or emergency workers receive emergency calls
69.According to Nick Allott,D.
A."stopping"devices can make the sound of mobile phones disappear
B.no one except doctors and emergency workers should have mobile phones
C.phones are one of the biggest problems theatres face
D.We can't totally stop the use of phones in theatres.
70.What is the passage probably going to talk about next?C
A.Griffiths'next performance in theatres.
B.The opinions the public has about the problem.
C.The ways to solve the cellphone problem in public places.
D.The harm mobile phones do to people.
1.The right name is important in the business world.All you have to do is think of the names for some of the products you buy every day and you'll agree that the name and the product are connected in everyone's mind.
In many countries,successful trade or brand names are protected by law.This is so that other companies cannot make a product that looks like another.People might think that they were buying one product and,in fact,be buying something different.Businesses register a company or a product name with the government.In fact,more than 1,000 product and company names are registered every hour.Many companies spend a lot of money to find the right name for their products.A good example of this is in the car industry.Some successful names for cars have powerful associations.The Ford Mustang and the Jaguar are only two examples of choosing the names of animals that are fast and strong.
When a U.S.company decides to sell its product in another country,it has to make sure that the product name translates properly.When Coca-Cola introduced its soft drink to China,it looked for the right name.It wanted a name that would do two things.One was to present its image in Chinese and the second was to be close to its first brand name-Coke.It took some efforts before finding the right word-which sounds similar and translates as"happiness in the mouth".Asian company names are not new to the United States.The brand names of Samsung and Sony have been successful.Finding the right brand name is a big business.Asian companies that sell to foreign markets pay to find a name that will connect with its customers.There are even naming companies that specialize in inventing product names.These companies can charge up to $ 100,000 a word for their creations.But it's worth it.Successful companies know how important the right brand names are for their development.
59.Why are trade names protected by law in many countries?D
A.To make companies pay for naming service.
B.To help people choose the best products.
C.To present good images of the products.
D.To prevent products from being copied.
60.What can we learn from the passage?B
A.Many companies care about the cost of finding the right names.
B.Creative trade names can help companies to have a larger sale.
C.The government often does business with naming companies.
D.It is considered necessary for cars to be named after animals.
61.What's the best title for the passage?A
A.The Business of Names
B.The Development of Names
C.The Rules of Naming Business
D.The Methods of Choosing Names.
8.You are given many opportunities in life to choose to be a victim or creator.When you choose to be a victim,the world is a cold and difficult place."They"did things to you which caused all of your pain and suffering."They"are wrong and bad,and life is terrible as long as"they"are around.Or you may blame yourself for all your problems,thus internalizing(内化)your victimization.The truth is,your life is likely to stay that way as long as you feel a need to blame yourself or others.
Those who choose to be creators look at life quite differently.They know there are individuals who might like to control their lives,but they don't let this get in the way.They know they have their weaknesses,yet they don't blame themselves when they fail.Whatever happens,they have choice in the matter.They believe their dance with each sacred(神圣的)moment of life is a gift and that storms are a natural part of life which can bring the rain needed for emotional and spiritual growth.
Victims and creators live in the same physical world and deal with many of the same physical realities,yet their experience of life is worlds apart.Victims relish (沉溺)in anger,guilt,and other emotions that cause others---and even themselves---to feel like victims,too.Creators consciously choose love,inspiration,and other qualities which inspire not only themselves,but all around them.Both victims and creators always have choice to determine the direction of their lives.
In reality,all of us play the victim or the creator at various points in our lives.One person,on losing a job or a special relationship,may feel as if it is the end of the world and sink into terrible suffering for months,years,or even a lifetime.Another with the same experience may choose to first experience the grief,then accept the loss and soon move on to be a powerful creative force in his life.
In every moment and every circumstance,you can choose to have fuller,richer life by setting a clear intention to transform the victim within,and by inviting into your life the powerful creator that you are.
69.What does the word"they"in Paragraph 1 probably refer to?A
A.People and things around you
B.Opportunities and problems.
C.Creators and their choices
D.Victims and their sufferings.
70.According to Paragraph 2,creatorsC.
A.seem willing to experience failures in life
B.possess the ability to predict future life
C.handle ups and downs of life wisely
D.have potential to create something new
71.What can we learn from Paragraph 3?B
A.Creators and victims face quite different things in life.
B.Creators and victims are masters of their lives.
C.Victims can influence more people than creators.
D.Compared with victims,creators are more emotional.
72.The examples mentioned in Paragraph 4 show thatA.
A.strong attachment to sufferings in life pulls people into victims.
B.people need family support to deal with challengers in life.
C.it takes creators quite a long time to get rid of their pains.
D.one's experiences determine his attitude toward life.
73.What is the author's purpose in writing this passage?D
A.To define victims and creators.
B.To evaluate victims against creators.
C.To explain the relationship between victims and creators.
D.To suggest the transformation from victims to creators.
18.More and more parents are worrying about their daughters who have become overweight.Girls who think they aren't popular at school are at higher risk for weight gain,according to a new study.It's long been known that being overweight can lead to social exclusion (排斥) for teens,but researchers at Harvard University discovered:whether a student's opinions of her social position played a role in her weight.
To find out,the researchers measured the body weight of nearly 4,500 girls aged 12 to 18.
Two years later,the researchers found,all of the girls had gained weight-no surprise,since they were all growing.But girls who thought they were less popular at school were at a 70 percent higher risk of gaining extra weight.
The researchers considered something else besides the collected information,including whether a child was overweight at the start of the study,family income,a mother's weight,diet,television viewing habits and some other things that can affect childhood weight gain.But the opinions of girl's popularity are more likely to affect he girls'weight.
Experts suggested that parents concerned about a girl's weight should look not only at eating habits but also at their child's social network,encouraging relationships with friends and joining in group activities.Meanwhile schools should also organize more programs to help girls build social skills,they added.
64.Which kind of girls is less likely to gain extra weight?B
A.Those who like watching TV for a long time per day.
B.Those whose parents show no sign of being overweight.
C.Those who are self-centered and not optimistic.
D.Those who enjoy meals rich in high oil and fat.
65.What can parents do in controlling their teenage girls'weight?D
A.They encourage their kids to study hard.
B.They ask their daughters eat as they please
C.They record the body weight measurements of their own kids.
D.They make their kids communicate more with others.
66.It can be concluded from this passage thatA.
A.A rising number of teenager girls are becoming overweight
B.Some schools have already organized various activities for teenager girls.
C.Girls aged 17 are certainly heavier than those aged 14.
D.The researchers reached the final discovery only by studying the collected information.
67.How is the text organized?B
A.topic-argument-description-conclusion
B.opinion-supporting examples-conclusion-advice
C.opinion-supporting examples-solution-advice
D.topic-argument-conclusion-solution.
5.Youngsters who have no regular bedtime or who go to bed later than 21:00 have lower scores for reading and maths.Lack of sleep may influence how well the brain learns new information.
The findings on sleep patterns and brain power come from a UK study of more than 11,000 seven-year-olds.
Theygathered information on the children at the ages of three,five and seven to find out how well they were doing with their learning and whether that might be related to their sleeping habits.
Establishing (制定) a good bedtime routine early in childhood is important.Irregular bedtimes were most common at the age of three,when around one in five of the children went to bed at varying times.By the age of seven,more than half the children had a regular bedtime of between 19:30 and 20:30.
Children with irregular bedtimes tended to be less successful than their playmates in terms of test scores for reading,maths and spatial awareness(空间想象).The influence was more obvious throughout early childhood in girls than in boys and appeared to be increasing.
The researchers said it was possible that irregular bedtimes were a reflection of chaotic (无秩序的) family settings and they had an influence on cognitive (认知的) performance in children.The children with late and irregular bedtimes came from more socially disadvantaged backgrounds and were less likely to be read to each night and,generally,watched more TV.After controlling for such factors,the link between poorer mental performance and irregular bedtimes remained.
67.The text mainly deals with the relation between children'sD.
A.reading abilities and their sleeping habits
B.mental development and their sleeping habits
C.behaviour and their studying habits
D.performance in learning and their sleeping habits
68.The underlined word"They"in the third paragraph refers to"B"
A.the findings                     
B.the researchers
C.the seven-year-olds             
D.the sleep patterns             
69.Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?C
A.About one third of the three-year-olds go to bed at irregular bedtimes.
B.Irregular bedtimes were most common before the children were three months old.
C.More than half the children didn't have a regular bedtime until they were seven years old.
D.Teachers should help their kids establish a good bedtime routine early in childhood.
70.We can know from the text thatD.
A.boys with irregular bedtimes do worse in reading than their playmates
B.girls with regular bedtimes perform better in learning than boys
C.girls with irregular bedtimes do worse in reading than boys
D.the gap between girls with and without regular bedtimes is larger than that between boys.
2.A blue hole is a flooded sea cave with a hole that opens up at the land's surface.These cave systems form in carbonate rock,often on islands.Some blue holes have very special rock formations and water chemistry.Far below sea level,they contain some of the harshest environments on Earth,with no oxygen and no light.Yet these areas are filled with life forms that have adapted to the extreme conditions.
Information gathered from these blue holes is helping scientists to increase their understanding of biology,archaeology and geology.But exploring these blue hole environments brings danger as well as discovery.
Blue holes get their name from the color some have when seen from the air.The color is usually a reflection of the sky on the water.But not all of these cave systems have blue surfaces.Some contain dark or muddy water.
Blue holes are the result of erosion in which water breaks down rock.Rain falling thousands of years ago contained chemicals which slowly wore away at the limestone landmass.These holes were later filled with sea water as the sea level changed.The rising and falling of sea levels and the mixture of salt and fresh water further wore away at these cave formations.Blue holes are vertical caves.But they can also have horizontal cave formations that may be hundreds of meters long.
These flooded cave systems can be found in the ocean,or they can be found inland.Ocean caves are affected by tides,so they always have water movement.But blue holes on land are very still.They have several layers of water,chemicals,and bacteria.The top layer of fresh water comes from rainfall.This layer acts like a cap on top of the layered mixture,and keeps out oxygen from the atmosphere.The fresh water floats on a denser layer of saltwater.Underneath this is a layer of poisonous hydrogen sulfide,produced by bacteria living in the water.Underneath this layer is anoxic seawater--water that does not contain any oxygen.
Underwater caves are probably one of the least explored ecosystems on the planet.One reason blue holes have not been fully explored is that they can be extremely dangerous.There are many safety rules that divers must follow to help ensure their survival.
First,divers must have training and experience to swim in these caves.Those who explore a cave for the first time must establish a thin rope called a guideline.This line helps them to safely enter and bring more than one set of breathing equipment in case one device fails.Meanwhile,they must pay careful attention to their air supply.The rule is to use a third of their air to enter the cave,a third to exit,and a third for emergencies.
    For most explorers,though,the possibility of discovery in these cave environments makes the experience worth the risk.You can jump into what looks like an insignificant little hole in the ground,and come out with information that's of value to many different disciplines,Scientists are interested in these caves because oxygen-free conditions there are similar to those on Earth long ago,before oxygen existed on our planet.,as well as similar to space.
50.According to the Passage,blue holesB.
A.are now a popular choice for tourists
B.are flooded caves found mostly on islands
C.have appeared as rocks pile up year by year
D.can give off bright blue light deep in the caves
51.It can be inferred front the passage thatD.
A.quantities of advanced life forms exist in blue boles
B.blue holes are not fully explored due to their low value
C.blue holes are vertical caves because of strong currents
D.the chemicals in the rain lead to the formation of blue caves
52.The fifth paragraph mainly talks aboutA.
A.two different types of blue holes    
B.how a blue hole comes into being
C.why scientists are interested in blue holes       
D.rules for divers exploring blue holes
53.When exploring blue holes,divers mustD.
A.have a thin rope as a guideline anytime           
B.wear glasses in case of bright blue light
C.swim as quickly as possible to save time          
D.learn to make good use of their air supply
54.The exploration of blue holes can help usB.
A.discover moue energy resources  
B.understand the origin of life on Farth
C.learn about the movements of seawater
D.get ready for the exploration of the ocean.

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