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Intelligence Quotient

  I.Q.stands for “Intelligence Quotient” which is a measure of a person's intelligence found by means of an intelligence test.Before marks gained in such a test can be useful as information about a person, they must be compared with some standard, or norm(规范).It is not enough simply to know that a boy of thirteen has scored, say, ninety marks in a particular test.To know whether he is clever, average or dull, his marks must be compared with the average achieved by other boys of thirteen in that test.

  In 1906 the psychologist, Alfred Binet(1857--1911), devised the standard by which intelligence has since been assessed.Binet was asked to find a method of selecting all children in the schools of Paris who should be taken out of ordinary classes and put in special classes for defectives(后进生).The problem made him realize the need for a standard for measuring intelligence, and he hit upon the very simple concept of “mental age”.

  First of all, he invented a variety of tests and put large numbers of children of different ages through them.He then found at what age each test was passed by the average child.For instance, he found that the average child of seven could count backwards from 20 to 1 and the average child of three could repeat the sentence:“We are going to have a good time in the country.” Billet arranged the various tests in order of difficulty, and used them as a scale against which he could measure every individual.If, for example, a boy aged twelve could only do tests that were passed by the average boy of nine, Binet held that he was three years below average, and that he had a mental age of nine.

  The concept of mental age provided Binet, and through him, other psychologists, with the required standard.It enabled him to state scores in intelligence tests in terms of a norm merely by subtracting(减去)the “mental” age of a child from his “chronological” age(实际年龄).Then the boy in the example given would be “three years retarded”(迟缓、耽误).Later the “mental ratio” was introduced; that is to say, the ratio of the mental age to the chronological age.Thus a boy of twelve with a mental age of nine has a mental ratio of 0.75.

  The “mental age” measurement was then replaced by the more famous I.Q(intelligence quotient).The “I.Q.” is the mental ratio multiplied by 100.For example, a boy of twelve with a mental age of nine has an “I.Q.” of 75.Clearly, since the mental age of the average child is equal to the chronological age, the average “I.Q.” is 100.

(1)

To judge a child's intelligence, his marks in a test must be compared with marks gained by ________.

[  ]

A.

others of the same age

B.

children of different ages

C.

a number of children aged thirteen

D.

the same child at different ages

(2)

Binet used a large number of children in his tests because he wanted to find out ________.

[  ]

A.

who were the most stupid

B.

the defectives

C.

what a bright child could do

D.

a norm

(3)

The purpose of I.Q.test is to find out ________.

[  ]

A.

whether one has the intelligence of thirteen-year-old children

B.

whether one is tall enough for his age

C.

whether one is clever, average or dull

D.

whether one is mature enough for his age

答案:1.A;2.D;3.C;
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Dear ePals Community Member,

  ePals will hold its first conference for tech directors and teachers on Tuesday, July 15, in Boston.Our one-day event is a pre-conference of Alan November's Building Learning Communities 2008 Conference.

  Come see how ePals, the Internet's largest social learning network, can transform your classroom, school and district with our award-winning, safe and protected SchoolM@il? and SchoolBlog? offered at no cost.

  ePals team members, expert teachers and instructional technology directors will share their experiences using the ePals Global Community to build 21st Century skills in the classroom.

  Among the speakers are:

  Tim DiScipio, co-founder of ePals, sharing the vision for global collaboration and corporate partnerships with National Geographic, the classmate PC powered by Intel, and the XO from One Laptop Per Child

  Dr.Kari Stubbs on"ePals 101:Where and How to Start Using Global Collaborative Tools in Project-based Learning."Dr.Stubbs led the Enhancing Education Through Technology(EETT)initiative in Kansas before joining ePals as director of professional development.

  Dr.Rita Oates on"Accomplishing the New NETS Standards for Students with ePals Tools and Activities."Dr.Oates formerly was in charge of ed tech in Miami-Dade County Public Schools.

  Dr.Laurie Henry, University of Kentucky, talking about literacy(读写能力)issues in the online world

  Dr.Shelia Gersh, City Colleges of New York, sharing her ePals project as an example of a successful 21st century online educational experience

  Carol Bar, teacher at Blue Valley High School(KS),"Blogging for Language Acquisition"

  Adina Popa, teacher at Potowmack Elementary(VA), will speak about schoolwide use of ePals and video conferencing to other classrooms

  Several district tech directors talking about best practices in implementation(安装)and use in their districts for safe and protected student email and blogs

  Other classroom teachers sharing their experiences for instructional success in the online community and using free, safe and protected online tools from ePals

  Register and get more information at www.epals.com/conference

(1)

The letter is written to ________.

[  ]

A.

attract more customers

B.

answer readers’ questions

C.

inform related people of a conference

D.

recommend some teachers

(2)

From the text we can learn that ________.

[  ]

A.

the July 15 conference is just a pre-conference

B.

the July 15 conference will last till November

C.

BLC08 will be set up at the July 15 conference

D.

the BLC08 Conference will be held this summer

(3)

________ will talk about his/her experiences in using the ePals and video conference in classrooms at school.

[  ]

A.

Tim DiScipio

B.

Dr.Laurie Henry

C.

Adina Popa

D.

A tech director

(4)

It can be inferred from the text that ePals here ________.

[  ]

A.

refer to those who keep in touch with each other through email

B.

is in fact a software for online language study

C.

is an expensive tool for language learners on the Internet

D.

refer to all the language teachers who globally communicate with each other

阅读理解

  Robots have been a part of the manufacturing work force for decades-one in 10 auto-workers, for instance, is now made of metal and electronics.Robots for the house have been slower to come.Household chores(家务杂事)are less predictable and repetitive than those of the assembly line(装配线), making them difficult to explain in the simple language of a machine.Then how can we solve this problem? One answer is to design robots that are flexible for specific tasks, such as cacuuming(用真空吸尘器清扫).Another is to figure out a way to make robots simple-and cheap-enough that ordinary people can build their own from parts and program them to do whatever they please.

  With funding from Google, Intel and Microsoft, scientists at Carnegie Mellon University(CMU)in pittsburgh have created a series of build-it-yourself robots which they say are simple and cheap enough for almost anyone to create.

  It starts with a black box called Qwerk-the robot“brain” that CMU built and sells for $349 on its Website.Using off-the-shelf parts(wheels, screwdrivers, electrical tape)and some simple instructions, anybody can build a 10-centimeter-high robot and program the Qwerk brain.You might make a wheeled robot with a video camera that can keep an eye on your house and sound the alarm in case someone enters.

  Scientists hope that by bringing simple robot technology to the marketplace, they can open up the industry to the greater public-maybe even make robotics fun.They’ve tested prototypes(原型)in classrooms and workshops, and even tried them out with young kids.While most of the robots serve practical uses, their goal, scientists say, is to get the public to start contributing its own designs, and even make robots a form of self-expression.One student, for example, made a robot that sits on the side of the road and when it sees a car going too fast, puts up a sign that says slow down!

(1)

Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

[  ]

A.

Robots have been used in manufacturing for decades.

B.

Robots are used to do housework more often than in the assembly line.

C.

Robots make up 10%of the auto-workers nowadays.

D.

Robots are made of metal and electronics.

(2)

Researchers at Carnegie Mellon University in pittsburgh get money for their research from________.

[  ]

A.

some IT companies

B.

the university

C.

banks

D.

the government

(3)

If you want to make a robot that can keep an eye on your house, which of the following might you NOT need?

[  ]

A.

A black box called Qwerk

B.

Some wheels

C.

A real gun

D.

A video camera

(4)

Scientists brought simple robot technology to the public in order to________.

[  ]

A.

help people solve household chores

B.

get people to start their own designs

C.

give people more chances to know robots

D.

change manufacturing robots into household ones

(5)

What would be the best title for the passage?

[  ]

A.

Mobile robots

B.

Home-made robots

C.

Factory robots

D.

Teaching robots

阅读理解

  The website YouTube was created in 2005 and became an overnight success.Google bought YouTube for more than $1,600,000 the following year.In May, YouTube announced that two billion videos were watched each day.

  In June, the Guggenheim Museum in New York City announced it would hold a competition among YouTube videos.Now, the judges have chosen the top 125 videos.

  The Guggenheim and YouTube launched the competition called“YouTube Play.A Biennial(两年一度)of Greative Video.”The information technology companies HP and Intel are supporting the event.23,000 videos entered the competition.They represented 91 countries and every possible style of movie making.

  The rules of the competition were few.Video makers had to be eighteen years or older.They could enter only one video.It had to be no more than ten minutes long.Any language, subject, sound, and style were considered.

  Eleven people are judging the videos.They include artists, musicians, and filmmakers.Laurie Anderson is all three.She says all her art starts with a story, so she looks for a story as she judges the videos.

  Other judges include the filmmaker Darren Aronofsky, the band Animal Collective, and artist and filmmaker, Shirin Neshat.

  New Jersey artist Dahlia Elsayed's video is one of the finalists.She used the camera in her computer to record herself describing her daily food desires for one month.The video is simple, short, and interesting.

  A frightening, but beautiful video came from Chile.The video by Niles Atallah, Joaquin Cocina Varas, and Cristobal Leon is called“Luis”.It is an animated ghostly story of a tense, angry boy.It is very dark, but impossible to stop watching.

  “Mars to Jupiter”is a video from Canada by Sterling Pache.It is about a survivor of the 1994 genocide(种族屠杀)in Rwanda.The video explores how her past still haunts(萦绕)her.

  Other chosen videos are from France, Spain, Taiwan, Australia, and Israel.Almost thirty countries are represented.You can see them if you link to YouTube Play from our website at voaspecialenglish.com.

  People can also see the 125 videos at the Guggenheim museums in New York; Bilbao, Spain; Berlin, Germany; and Venice, Italy.

  On October 21, the YouTube Play judges will announce the final twenty winning videos at a special event at the Guggenheim in New York.The videos will be on view there until October 24.

(1)

According to the text, YouTube might be ________.

[  ]

A.

a video sharing website

B.

a supporting company of the event

C.

a museum in New York City

D.

a frightening, but beautiful video

(2)

Who were supposed to enter the contest according to the text?

[  ]

A.

Video makers in English-speaking countries.

B.

Video makers from New York City.

C.

Video makers all over the world.

D.

Video makers under the age of 18.

(3)

Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the text?

[  ]

A.

The rules of the competition were quite complicated.

B.

Twenty videos will finally be picked out as the best.

C.

The style of video was strictly limited.

D.

Only artists can judge the competition.

(4)

________ is a simple and relaxing story about daily life.

[  ]

A.

“Mars to Jupiter”

B.

Niles Atallah's video

C.

“Luis”

D.

Dahlia Elsayed's video

(5)

The text is mainly about ________.

[  ]

A.

a famous wetsite

B.

a famous museum

C.

some interesting videos

D.

a video competiton

阅读理解

  Are you working on your typing skills to make you become a more efficient worker?That may be all for nothing as Intel believes that we will be able to manage our computers with our brains by 2020.

  Intel and its research partners are studying how the brain acts when it thinks.For example, scientists have found that people's brains react in a similar way when they are asked to think of a bear.Through some equipment that can also find this sort of brain activity, Intel thinks that it will be able to read and translate this into an input system tanks to an implantable chip in the brain.

  “We are trying to prove you can do interesting things with brain waves.”Intel research scientist Dean Pomerleau told Computerworld.“Eventually people may be willing to be more devoted to brain implants.”Even if thinking about a bear isn't enough to show that you want to copy something, Intel still thinks that there is a future in suing your brain instead of the keyboard.“If we can get to the point where we can find specific words, you could mentally type,”he added.“You could compose characters or words by thinking about letters flashing on the screen.”

  While this may all sound impractical or even inconvenient for present time, Intel thinks that it's possible.

  “I think human beings are very adaptive,”said Andrew Chien, vice president of research and director of future technologies research at the Intel Labs.“If you had told people 20 years ago that they would be carrying computers all the time, they would have said,‘I don't want that.’Now you can't get them to stop.There are a lot of things that have to be done first but I think implanting chips into human brains is possible.”

  Make good use of your mouse and keyboard set-up before they're old-fashioned.

(1)

What can be known about Intel from the passage?

[  ]

A.

it is researching how our brains manage our computers.

B.

it is working on how to improve people's typing skills.

C.

It is finding how the brain reacts when it thinks of a bear.

D.

It is studying the relation between what the brain thinks and how it acts.

(2)

From what Dean Pomerleau said, we can learn that ________.

[  ]

A.

brain implants are not accepted now

B.

people have no interest in the research

C.

mentally typing will probably be a real fact

D.

new things need a long time to be accepted

(3)

What Andrew Chien said can prove that ________.

[  ]

A.

everything is possible in the world

B.

man has great power to face difficulties

C.

society is changing from time to time

D.

man is very good at accepting new things

(4)

What does the last paragraph implay?

[  ]

A.

Everything should be used to the full.

B.

Mouses and keyboards won't exist in the future.

C.

Our brains can take the place of computers.

D.

Some new kinds of mouse and keyboard will appear.

阅读理解

  Mary Masterman hasn't decided where she will attend college, but when she does, she'll have plenty of money to pay for it.The 17-year-old took home a $100,000 scholarship Tuesday as the top winner of the 2007 Intel Science Talent Search.

  "It was a complete surprise," said the senior at Westmoore High School in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma."I wasn't expecting it." Masterman earned first place at this year's competition by building a low-budget spectrograph(摄谱仪)- an instrument that identifies the unique characteristics, or "fingerprints," of different molecules.Spectrographs are used in a variety of fields, including astronomy, medicine, and law enforcement.They can sense the presence of explosives or drugs, and they can also help determine the age of a piece of artwork.

  Normally, the cost of a spectrograph can run as high as $100,000.Mary, however, built her device-which she crafted from lenses, a laser, aluminum(铝)tubing, and a camera-for just $300."I wanted to build one that was lower-costing so it would be more available to anyone interested in spectrography," she said.

  Sticking to a budget was only half the battle.Getting the machine to work was another challenge."I had to keep coming up with creative ways to adjust or change something," Mary admitted."It took three months to build and another three months before it actually functioned properly."

  Mary competed with more than 1,700 other high school seniors in this year's science challenge.Forty finalists were invited to Washington, D.C., where they presented their projects at the National Institute of Science.In all, 10 students took home awards for their innovative projects.

(1)

What’s the best title of the passage?

[  ]

A.

Oklahoma teen comes to a great invention

B.

Science competition for high school students

C.

The 2007 Intel Science Talent Search

D.

Oklahoma teen wins science scholarship

(2)

_________ is the biggest difference between Mary’s spectrograph and the normal one?

[  ]

A.

Use fields

B.

Function

C.

The cost

D.

The size

(3)

How long did it take Mary to put his spectrograph into use?

[  ]

A.

Three months.

B.

Half a year.

C.

About a year.

D.

Several years.

(4)

It can be inferred that the Intel Science Talent Search is _________.

[  ]

A.

a high-tech research institute of fine instruments

B.

an institute of science based in Washington, D.C.

C.

a most highly regarded science competition for high school students

D.

the nation's oldest award for the top scientists with great achievements

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