题目内容

Bad news sells. If it bleeds, it leads. No news is good news, and good news is no news. Those are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers. But now that information is being spread and monitored in different ways, researchers are discovering new rules. By tracking people’s e-mails and online posts, scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories.

“The ‘if it bleeds’ rule works for mass media,” says Jonah Berger, a scholar at the University of Pennsylvania. “They want your eyeballs and don’t care how you’re feeling. But when you share a story with your friends, you care a lot more how they react. You don’t want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.”

Researchers analyzing word-of-mouth communication—e-mails, Web posts and reviews, face-to-face conversations—found that it tended to be more positive than negative, but that didn’t necessarily mean people preferred positive news. Was positive news shared more often simply because people experienced more good things than bad things? To test for that possibility, Dr. Berger looked at how people spread a particular set of news stories: thousands of articles on The New York Times’ website. He and a Penn colleague analyzed the “most e-mailed” list for six months. One of his first findings was that articles in the science section were much more likely to make the list than non-science articles. He found that science amazed Times’ readers and made them want to share this positive feeling with others.

Readers also tended to share articles that were exciting or funny, or that inspired negative feelings like anger or anxiety, but not articles that left them merely sad. They needed to be aroused (激发) one way or the other, and they preferred good news to bad. The more positive an article, the more likely it was to be shared, as Dr. Berger explains in his new book, “Contagious: Why Things Catch On.”

1.What do the classic rules mentioned in the text apply to?

A. Private e-mails.

B. Research papers.

C. News reports.

D. Daily conversations．

2.What can we infer about people like Debbie Downer?

A. They’re socially inactive.

B. They’re good at telling stories.

C. They’re careful with their words.

D. They’re inconsiderate of others.

3.Which tended to be the most e-mailed according to Dr. Berger’s research?

A. Science articles.

B. Sports news.

C. Personal accounts.

D. Financial reviews.

4.What can be a suitable title for the text?

A. Sad Stories Travel Far and Wide

B. Online News Attracts More People

C. Reading Habits Change with the Times

D. Good News Beats Bad on Social Networks

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At first my new 1. were difficult to tolerate. The air seemed thin, as though its combination of gases had little oxygen left. Hit by a 2.of fresh air, my head ached. Just as I tried to make the necessary 3. to this new situation ,Wang ping handed a mask to me and I felt better in 4. time. Soon I was 5. on my feet again and following him to collect a hovering carriage driven by computer. Wang Ping fastened my safety belt and showed me how to use it. Soon I could fly as fast as him. However, I lost 6. of him when we reached what looked like a large market because of too many carriage flying in all directions.

During the Renaissance, new ideas and values gradually 7. those held in the Middle Ages. People began to 8. less on religious themes and adopt a more humanistic attitude to life. … Rich people wanted to 9. their own paintings, so they could 10. their superb palaces and great houses.

—What about the rent?

—______. You can pay weekly or monthly.

A. It’s up to you B. That’s all right

C. You can’t miss it D. Not at all

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式。

Once there lived a rich man, __1.__ wanted to do something for the people of his town. But first he wanted to find out ___2.__they deserved his help.

In the center of the main road into the town, he placed __3.__ very large stone. Then he __4.__(hide) behind a tree and waited. Soon an old man came along with his cow.

“Who put this stone in the center of the road？” said the old man，but he did not try to remove the stone. Instead, with some difficulty he passed around the stone and continued on his way. __5.__ man came along and did the same thing; then another came, and another. All of them complained about the stone but not tried to remove __6.__. Late in the afternoon a young man came along. He saw the stone，__7.__(say) to himself: “The night will be very dark. Some ___8.__ (neighbor) will come along later in the dark and will fall against the stone.”

Then he began to move the stone. He pushed and pulled with all his __9._(strong) to move it，only to find a bag of money under the stone. Imagine ___10.___ surprised he was!

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

注意： 1、答案请写在答题卷上； 2、只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分；

3、每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 4、答题符号、格式要规范：

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

There were many people on the bus and no vacant seats. When a woman got off, a man near the door attempted to rise, but she had forced him back into his seat. “Thank you,” she said, “but please don’t do that. I am perfect able to stand.” “But, madam, let me…” began the man. “I ask you to keep your seat,” interrupted a woman with the hands on her shoulders. So the man tried to rise, and said: “Madam, will you kindly permit me to…?” “No, no,” said the woman and again force him back. At last the man managed to get up, say: “ Madam, you have carried me three block beyond my house. I want get off.”

每句中只有一处错误。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

We are now living in a information age, in which TV, cells and the Web are wide used. It seem that many people cannot enjoy themselves without it. However, if I were to give up one of them, I would rather turn off TV than to switch off my cell or cut off the Internet. I could do without TV because few shows took my fancy and there are too many commercials. Besides, most programs on TV are available elsewhere, either. As for cells and the Web, they are less necessary for me. I need a cell to keep in touch my friend and my family.

People always think men are more skilled than women in driving. Nowadays women appear to have a positive image of themselves as safer drivers than men.

In a survey done for insurer MetLife, 51% of women said they drive more safely. The evidence is on their side: Men are 3.4 times more likely than women to get a ticket for careless driving and 3.1 times as likely to be punished for drunk driving. “Women are on average less aggressive and more law abiding (守法的) drivers, which leads to fewer accidents.” the report says. However, not all male drivers share the same opinion. Of the men surveyed by MetLife, 39% claimed male drivers were safer. The findings did back them up on one point: automotive knowledge. The report showed that more men are familiar with current safety equipment such as electronic stability control, which helps prevent rollover accidents.

Auto safety unavoidably matters to money. Insurance companies focus on what classes of drivers have the lowest dollar amounts of claims, and for now, that mainly includes women. In general, women pay about 9% less for auto insurance than men. A study by the website Insweb also showed that auto insurance rates are lower for women in most states. Among individual states, women get the greatest advantage in Wyoming (where they pay 20% less), South Dakota and Washington, D. C., where their insurance costs are 16% lower.

“More than 11,900 male drivers died in U.S. traffic accidents in 2009, compared with just under 4,900 women drivers,” according to the study. “Based on miles traveled, men died at a rate of 2.5 deaths per 100 million miles traveled, v.s. 1.7 deaths for women.”

1. According to the study, male drivers _________.

A. are less aggressive while driving

B. are more skilled at auto knowledge

C. are more likely to stick to driving laws

D. are less familiar with safety equipment

2. Insurance companies focus on female driver clients(客户) probably because they _________.

A. cause more accidents on the road but ask for little

B. cause little damage and pay more money to the insurance companies

C. make up the most part of the insurance clients

D. are more careful drivers and cause less damage

3. We can infer from the passage that _________.

A. men are 3.1 times more likely to get tickets than women

B. all women in the USA pay the same for their auto insurance

C. more female drivers die every year than male drivers

D. women are generally safer drivers than the opposite sex

4. The writer mainly develops paragraphs by _________.

A. giving examples B. making comparisons

C. drawing a conclusion D. presenting an argument

Taking a shower is relaxing．You can hum a song, daydream or think about nothing, leaving the real world behind you．But did you know that showering can also benefit your mind?

A research by Scott Barry Kaufman, a psychologist from Yale University in the US interviewed over 3,000 people around the world．It turned out that nearly two-thirds of the interviewees said they had experienced new ideas in the shower and were more likely to have them in the shower than at work．

So why does a simple shower have such magic power? Science can explain it．

Showering can help to raise our level of dopamine, a hormone (荷尔蒙) closely related to our creativity．“People vary in terms of their level of creativity according to the activity of dopamine”, explained Alice Flaherty, a famous American neuroscientist．“Taking a warm shower can make us feel relaxed and therefore make the dopamine level rise and bring 'Aha!' moment to us．”

Besides the chemical changes, showering may give you a break from what you feel you have been stuck with．Especially when you have thought hard all day about a problem, jumping into the shower can keep you from the outside world so that you can focus on your inner feelings and memories．In this way, according to American psychologist Shelley H．Carson, author of Your Creative Brain, “a showering hour may turn into an ‘incubation (孵化) period’ for your ideas．”

Compared with sitting in front of a computer, taking a shower is something we do less frequently in our daily life．When showering, we get a fresh experience with the change of location, temperature and humidity．“New and unexpected experiences can lead to positive changes in thinking,” explained Kaufman．“Getting off the couch and jumping in the shower may create a distance and force you to think from a new point of view．”

Showering allows us to enjoy the creative juices of our minds, but it needn't just be the bathroom where you get your inspiration．For instance, Gertrude Stein, a female American writer and poet, got new ideas by driving around a farm and stopping at different cows until she found the one that most inspired her．So try to create your own way to free your mind, whether it's a walk near the ocean, a country drive or reading a book at home．

1.According to the article, what changes can showering cause?

A．Bringing the terrible moment to us．

B．Increasing the level of dopamine．

C．Leading to boredom or tiredness．

D．Setting the creative part of the brain free．

2.If one has focused on something all day, showering can help _______．

A．turn one’s attention inwards

B．draw one’s attention to the outside world

C．one make an important breakthrough

D．many chemical changes to take place

3.It can be inferred from the article that _______．

A．changes in the frequency of an action can create a new perspective

B．it is a good idea to talk with others about their sources of inspiration

C．our lives might feel longer and fuller if we frequently try new things

D．it is helpful to try something different rather than stay focused on a difficult task

4.The example of Gertrude Stein in the last paragraph is used to _______．

A．encourage readers to find their own ways of getting inspiration

B．point out to readers that it's hard to find inspiration

C．explain how to link inspiration with readers’ daily lives

D．show that creativity often comes from strange places

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1．每处错误及其修改均限一词。

2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

Friendship is very importance. Everyone needs friendship. In all our lives we can’t live without friendship just as we can’t live without air and water. Friendship makes us getting on well with one another to go ahead under different kind of difficulties in the front of us. But real friendship is not easy to come by. True friendship must be sincerely and be based on understand each other but not on benefits of each other. A good friend can always be a good teacher to us. By his advices we are persuading to go the right way. Therefore more friends we have, the better we can improve ourselves.

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