Nature is full of color, from rainbows and roses to butterfly wings and peacock tails. Even the fruits and vegetables you eat have different colors: blue blueberries, red strawberries, green broccoli, and orange carrots.

Plant and animals often use color to attract attention. The substances responsible for these colors belong to a class of chemical called antioxidants(抗氧化物). Plants make antioxidant to protect themselves from the sun's ultraviolet(紫外线)light.

Ultraviolet light causes chemicals called free radicals(自由基)to form within plant cells. They can destroy parts of plant. Free radicals also have damaging effects on human beings. Some of these effects like wrinkled skin can be seen. The damage is caused by the free radicals attacking cells in our bodies. Certain cancers and heart disease are linked to free radicals.

Our bodies have natural defences for fighting off free radicals. While we are young, our defences are pretty strong. However, they get weaker as we get older. The body’s built-in defences can only go so far without extra help.

The key to fighting free radicals with fruits and vegetables is to mix and match colors. It’s like sunscreen(防晒霜)for the inside of your body. Go for a range of very bright colors. Colorful foods contain hundreds of healthy chemicals not found anywhere else.

Research into how chemicals in blueberries affect the brain's function in rats suggests that these chemicals may help our own brains work more efficiently.

Don't just blame the sun. Ultraviolet light isn't the only source of free radicals. If you breathe polluted air such as smog, automobile exhaust(废气), or wasted gas from a factory, you take in chemicals that also cause such damage. And, the body itself produces free radicals as it processes food.

1.Which of the following NOT true?

A.Antioxidants are responsible for plant colors.

B.Plants use color to attract attention.

C.Antioxidants help free radicals to attack plants.

D.Antioxidants can protect plants from ultraviolet light.

2.In which order do the following facts occur?

a .Wrinkled skin can be seen

b .Ultraviolet light causes free radicals to form

c .Free radicals damage cells in our bodies

d .The sun gives out ultraviolet light

A.a,b,c,d B.d,b,a,c

C.c,a,d,b D.d,b,c,a

3. We need extra help for fighting off free radicals from fruits and vegetables because ____.

A.our defences get weaker as we get older

B.our bodies’ defences are not natural

C.we are too young to defend ourselves

D.our bodies’ built-in defences can only go away

4.Which of the following can NOT cause free radicals to form?

A.Ultraviolet light from the sun

B.Colorful food

C.Polluted air

D.The body itself

DoSomething.org is the country’s largest non-profit organization for young people and social change. They provide some scholarships to reward teens who are social action leaders in their community. You may be interested in the following ones.

1. $2,000 Fight Climate Change like a Ninja(忍者) Scholarship

Ninjas release 86% less CO2 than the average person. Why? Because ninjas use a green form of transport ---- parkour(跑酷). DoSomething.org wants to teach you their ways of going green---- and offer the chance for a $2,000 scholarship. Submit(提交)one of your friends’ phone numbers. You’ll both receive a text message with ways to protect the planet, and you’ll be entered for the scholarship. Bonzail!

2. $3,000 Puppy Mills are Bad Scholarship

Use your phone to fight for millions of puppies born in abusive (虐待的) factory farms. Share a text messaging game on puppy mills with 6 friends and you’ll be entered to win a $3000 scholarship. Millions of puppies are born in horrible conditions each year, so puppy mills can make a profit. Invite your friends to step into the shoes of a pet store employee who discovers their store supports puppy mills. To enter for the $3,000 scholarship, visit www. Dosomething.org/puppy and submit six friends’ phone numbers.

3. $5,000 Safe Driving Scholarship

When you text while driving at 55 mph, your eyes go off the road for the length of an entire football field. Tell your friends about the danger of texting while driving to enter to win a $5000 scholarship. After entering, we’ll send you a free pair of “thumb socks” ---- a physical reminder to stop texting while driving. Send us a picture of you with your thumb socks and you’ll double your chance of winning the $5,000 scholarship.

1.What do the scholarships mentioned in the passage have in common?

A. They are provided by DoSomething.org.

B. They offer a small gift to every attendant.

C. They require attendants to be top students.

D. They require attendants to play a message game.

2.Ninjas contribute to environmental protection by ______.

A. giving practical advice

B. offering a scholarship

C. avoiding driving cars

D. influencing the young

3.To win Puppy Mills are Bad Scholarship, you have to ______.

A. work as a pet store employee

B. share a game with 6 friends

C. be good at playing games

D. love puppy mills very much

4.What’s the purpose of Safe Driving Scholarship?

A. To hand out more thumb socks.

B. To teach people how to drive.

C. To sell as many thumb socks as possible.

D. To warn people not to text while driving.

5.After sending your picture with your thumb socks, ______.

A. you will receive another pair of thumb socks

B. you will necessarily win the scholarship

C. you will win $10,000 scholarship

D. you increase the opportunity of winning the scholarship

A group of people from Denmark have formed the B-Society. According to them, human beings are divided into types: A-People, and B-People. A-People have no problem getting up in the morning, and operate much better earlier in the day. However, B-people are better later in the day. “I’m useless early in the morning,” says one of the members of the B-Society.”All I can do is drink coffee, and stare into space. People used to get up early because they had to feed the animals. But I haven’t got any cows or chickens, so I can sleep late,” She adds. Since the society was set up, the B-Society has welcomed several thousand members.

Right now, the B-Society is fighting hard for businesses to join its B-certification (证明) list. Companies that are “B-certified” basically give their employees the opportunity to come in when they want. In some companies, employees arrive at any time up to 3:30 pm --- each to their own rhythm (节奏).

And it is not just businesses that are benefiting from this. Teenagers who can’t get out of bed in the morning, and parents who never quite get the kids to school on time, can now benefit from B-classes. From next year, a school in Copenhagen will offer classes which start later in the day (at 10 instead of eight). And even the government seems to like the idea.

The B-Society was founded by Camilla Kring, a professor from the University of Copenhagen. On her website, she says, “When B-people’s work rhythms are considered at the work place, their productivity (生产力) and quality of life is increased, which can increase productivity for the entire organization.”

She adds that, “B-Society will create a new daily rhythm in schools and other institutions (机构) as an alternative to the current rhythm of ‘early at work and early at home’. We are working for the establishment of kindergartens, primary and secondary schools as well as universities that open between 10 am and 8 pm.”

Would you like to work for a B-certified company?

1. According to the text, who belong to the B-Society?

A. Late risers. B. Businessmen.

C. Animal lovers. D. Sleep experts.

2. In B-certified companies, employees can ____.

A. get more working opportunities

B. join any other companies

C. work on any days they choose

D. go to work at any time of a day

3.In Camilla Kring’s opinion, B-people _______.

A. are more hard-working than A-people

B. have a better quality of life than A-people

C. are more productive if given more freedom

D. like the rhythm of “early at work, early at home”

4.The author’s purpose in writing this text is to _____.

A. stress the importance of getting up early

B. express his attitude towards the B-Society

C. introduce a group having a special daily rhythm

D. call on people to work for B-certified companies

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