题目内容
14.If I asked you to sit down and remember a list of phone numbers or a series of facts,how would you go about it?There's a fair chance that you'd be doing it wrong.One of the interesting things about the mind is that even though we all have one,we don't have perfect insight (洞察力) into how to get the best from it.This is partly because of flaws (缺陷) in our ability to think about our own thinking.Studying this self-reflective thought process exposes human beings'mental blind spots.
One area where these blind spots are particularly large is learning.We're actually surprisingly bad at having insight into how we learn best.
Researchers Jeffrey Karpicke and Henry Roediger III made an experiment,where they asked college students to learn pairs of Swahili and English words.So,for example,they had to learn that if they were given the Swahili word"mashua"the correct response was"boat".They could have used the sort of facts you might get on a high-school quiz,but the use of Swahili meant that there was little chance their participants could use any background knowledge to help them learn.After the pairs had all been learnt,there would be a final test a week later.
Now if many of us were revising this list we might study the list,test ourselves and then repeat this cycle,dropping items we got right.This makes studying and testing quicker and allows us to focus our effort on the things we haven't yet learnt.It's a plan that seems to make perfect sense,but it's a plan that is disastrous if we really want to learn properly.
Karpicke and Roediger asked students to prepare for a test in various ways,and compared their success-for example,one group kept testing themselves on all items without dropping what they were getting right,while another group stopped testing themselves on their correct answers.On the final exam differences between the groups were dramatic.While dropping items from study didn't have much of an effect,the people who dropped items from testing performed relatively poorly.
It seems the effective way to learn is to practice getting items back from memory,not trying to consolidate (巩固) them in there by further study.Moreover,dropping items entirely from your revision,which is the advice given by many study guides,is wrong.You can stop studying them if you've learnt them,but you should keep testing what you've learnt if you want to remember them at the time of the final exam.
So the evidence has a moral for teachers:there's more to testing than finding out what students know-tests can also help us remember.
63.According to the passage,we often fail to remember facts becauseD.
A.we ignore our weakness in memorizing things
B.we don't understand well what we are learning
C.we don't know where our metal blind spots are
D.we take improper ways to memorize for good ones
64.The researchers'experiment was intended toB.
A.confirm we don't know how to learn effectively
B.find out how we can consolidate our knowledge better
C.distinguish effects of memory in learning different languages
D.prove the importance of background knowledge in memorizing
65.What does the author believe leads to a good memory?A
A.Constant measure of your knowledge.
B.Frequent revision of what you learn.
C.Firm abandonment of what you're poor at.
D.Strong desire for grasping new knowledge.
66.The proper title for the passage isC.
A.An experiment on memory
B.A concept of human memory
C.A way to improve your memory
D.A discovery of a mental blind spot.
分析 本文通过实验表明提高记忆力的最佳途径就是经常测试自己的知识.
解答 63D细节理解题.根据This is partly because of flaws (缺陷) in our ability to think about our own thinking可知,有时我们记不住是因为你采取了不恰当的方式.
64 B细节理解题.通过对实验的详细介绍,最后得出结论It seems the effective way to learn is to practice getting items back from memory,not trying to consolidate (巩固) them in there by further study.由此可见,实验的目的是找到最好的巩固知识的方法.
65A 细节推断题.So the evidence has a moral for teachers:there's more to testing than finding out what students know-tests can also help us remember由实验的最终结果可知,提高记忆最佳方式是经常测试自己的知识.
66C主旨概括题.根据全文的描述,以及实验的最终结果,得知整篇文章关于如提高记忆力.
点评 科教类文章题材考生阅读比较晦涩不好懂,解题难度较大,所以平时要关注科学技术等题材,带着问题找答案.
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