题目内容

Psychologists (心理学家) tell us that there are four basic stages that human beings pass through when they enter and live in a new culture. This process, which helps us to deal with culture shock, is the way our brain and our personality reacts to the strange new things we meet when we move from one culture to another.

Culture shock begins with the "honeymoon stage". This is the period of time when we first arrive in which everything about the new culture is strange and exciting. We may be suffering from "jet lag" (时差) but we are excited to be in the new environment, seeing new sights, hearing new sounds and language, eating new kinds of food.

Unfortunately, the second stage of culture shock can be more difficult. After we have settled down into our new life, working or studying, buying groceries, doing laundry (洗衣), or living with a home-stay family, we can become very tired and begin to miss our homeland and our family, girlfriend/boyfriend and pets. This "rejection stage" can be quite dangerous because the visitor may develop unhealthy habits.

The third stage of culture shock is called the "adjustment stage". This is when you begin to realize that things are not so bad in the host culture. Your sense of humour usually becomes stronger and you realize that you are becoming stronger by learning to take care of yourself in the new place. Things are still difficult, but you are now a survivor!

The fourth stage can be called "at ease at last". Now you feel quite comfortable in your new surroundings. You can deal with most problems that occur. You may still have problems with the language, but you know you are strong enough to deal with them. If you meet someone from your country who has just arrived, you can be the expert on life in the new culture and help them to deal with their culture shock.

The four stages of 71

Stages	【小题2】 72	Your activities
Honeymoon stage	Suffering from "jet lag"	Seeing new sights Hearing new sounds and language 【小题4】 74
	Feeling 【小题3】 73
【小题5】 75	Becoming very tired	Working or studying Buying groceries 【小题7】 77 Living with your host family
	Missing everything 76
【小题8】 78	Having stronger 79	Learning to take care of yourself
	Becoming stronger in life
At ease at last stage	Feeling 80	●Helping newcomers with their culture shock.
	Being better at solving problems

[答案：

【小题1】71.culture shock

【小题2】72. Your feelings / How you feel / Your reaction / How you react; 【小题3】73. excited;

【小题4】74. Eating new food; 　

【小题5】75. Rejection stage;

【小题6】76. at home;

【小题7】77. Doing laundry;

【小题8】78. Adjustment stage

【小题9】79. sense of humor;

【小题10】80. Comfortable

解析:

【小题1】(从第一段第二句和第二段第一句可以判断出小题。)

【小题2】(从第一段判断)

【小题3】 (从第二段第二句判断)　

【小题4】(从第二段最后一句判断提炼)

【小题5】(从第三段最后一句判断)

【小题6】(从第三段第二句判断提炼)

【小题7】(第三段第二句直接看出小题)　

【小题8】(第四段第一句)　

【小题9】(第四段第三句直接看出小题)　

【小题10】(最后一段第二句直接出答案)　 ]

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The British people are among the world’s greatest readers of newspapers.It’s been the custom ever since most people could read.
But why do people want to do nothing but read while traveling to work in a train? Perhaps they are tired, or else they sit behind a newspaper to shut themselves off from the world.All the same, most men would notice a woman struggling with a heavy case and jump up to help her and a pretty girl sitting opposite wouldn’t escape their attention either.In this case a paper is useful because they can have a good look at her from behind it without her knowing.Perhaps they do nothing but read.There are stories of girls and young men who met in the rush hours, got married, and went on traveling in the same train hand in hand.

1.
The main idea of this passage is that______.
1. A.
  people in Britain are great newspaper readers
2. B.
  why people read newspaper when they travel by train
3. C.
  people do nothing but read in a train
4. D.
  when people go to work in a train, they do different things
2.
According to this passage, reading newspaper______.
1. A.
  is a custom just among men who can read
2. B.
  is something the British do only traveling in a train
3. C.
  is a daily activity most people enjoy
4. D.
  can help people in many ways
3.
A man might be reading a newspaper in a train for the following reasons except that ______.
1. A.
  he is trying to get some business news
2. B.
  he wants to have a rest
3. C.
  he hopes to escape the attention of a pretty girl
4. D.
  he doesn’t want to talk with other people around him
4.
The writer said that most men in the train would help a woman struggling with a heavy thing.The implication(含义) is that ______.
1. A.
  It is interesting for a man to help a woman in trouble
2. B.
  it is considered a man’s duty to offer help to a woman in need
3. C.
  the woman is too weak to carry a heavy case
4. D.
  men are often more interested in other things than reading newspapers, especially when women are in trouble

The income gap between China's rural and urban residents(居民) has continued to widen during the past few years in spite of rapidly rising rural incomes, Agricultural Minister Sun Zhengcai said here on Wednesday.
The income ratio(比率) between urban and rural residents was 3.28:1 in 2006, against 3.23:1 in 2003, said Sun in his report on the promotion of building a new countryside in 2007. Sun also said the net income of rural residents in different regions also varied widely. The income gap is only one of several problems in rural areas, according to Sun's report. While listing the achievements in rural areas in recent years, Sun believed that rural development still followed behind urban development.
"We have bigger pressure to ensure the supply of major agricultural products such as grain," he said. "China's urbanization(都市化) has been speeded up and more rural residents have gone to urban areas," he said.
"In this case, more agricultural producers become farm produce consumers, which created more pressure for supply," he said.
Another problem facing China's agricultural development is inadequate application of science and technology.
"Only 30 percent of scientific and technological achievements have been applied to agricultural production, which is 40 percentage points lower than developed countries," he said.
Despite increased government spending in rural areas, the infrastructure(基础下部组织) is still poor and easily hit by disasters.
According to Sun, the government spent 431.8 billion yuan ($59.15 billion) on agriculture, rural areas and farmers this year, an increase of 80.1 billion yuan over the previous year.
China set aside 11.38 billion yuan to promote a new rural cooperative medical care system and 27.98 billion yuan to support the new compulsory education mechanism in rural area to ensure that all citizens shared the fruits of China's reform and opening-up, Sun said.

1.
Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?
1. A.
  Because of the rapidly rising rural incomes, the income gap between China's rural and urban residents will disappear this year.
2. B.
  The net income of rural residents in different regions is the same.
3. C.
  The government has taken measures to develop the economy in the rural areas.
4. D.
  Because of the rapidly rising rural incomes, the supply of major agricultural products is enough.
2.
Can you infer the meaning of the underlined words in paragraph 5?
1. A.
  be made full use of
2. B.
  be made little use of
3. C.
  be not made full use of
4. D.
  be made good use of
3.
How much is spent on agriculture, rural areas and farmers the previous year?
1. A.
  431.8 billion yuan
2. B.
  511.9 billion yuan
3. C.
  351.7 billion yuan
4. D.
  80.1 billion yuan
4.
Which is NOT the problem in rural areas?
1. A.
  The income gap
2. B.
  The inadequate application of science and technology
3. C.
  The supply of major agricultural products
4. D.
  China's urbanization

By the middle of the 1920s the farthest corners of the earth explored.

A．are B．were C．have been D．had been

The $ 11 billion self – help industry is built on the idea that you should turn negative thoughts like “ I never do anything right” into positive ones like “I can succeed.” But was positive thinking advocate Norman Vincent Peale right? Is there power in positive thinking?
Researchers in Canada just published a study in the journal Psychological Science that says trying to get people to think more positively can actually have the opposite effect: it can simply highlight how unhappy they are.
The study's authors, Joanne Wood and John Lee of the University of Waterloo and Elaine Perunovic of the University of New Brunswick, begin by citing older research showing that when people get feedback which they believe is overly positive, they actually feel worse, not better. If you tell your dim friend that he has the potential of an Einstein, you're just underlining his faults. In one 1990s experiment, a team including psychologist Joel Cooper of Princeton asked participants to write essays opposing funding for the disabled. When the essayists were later praised for their sympathy, they felt even worse about what they had written.
In this experiment, Wood, Lee and Perunovic measured 68 students' self-esteem. The participants were then asked to write down their thoughts and feelings for four minutes. Every 15 seconds, one group of students heard a bell. When it rang, they were supposed to tell themselves, "I am lovable."
Those with low self-esteem didn't feel better after the forced self-affirmation. In fact, their moods turned significantly darker than those of members of the control group, who weren't urged to think positive thoughts.
The paper provides support for newer forms of psychotherapy (心理治疗) that urge people to accept their negative thoughts and feelings rather than fight them. In the fighting, we not only often fail but can make things worse. Meditation (静思) techniques, in contrast, can teach people to put their shortcomings into a larger, more realistic perspective. Call it the power of negative thinking.

1.
What do we learn from the first paragraph about the self-help industry?
1. A.
  It is a highly profitable industry.
2. B.
  It is based on the concept of positive thinking.
3. C.
  It was established by Norman Vincent Peale.
4. D.
  It has yielded positive results.
2.
What is the finding of the Canadian researchers?
1. A.
  Encouraging positive thinking many do more harm than good.
2. B.
  There can be no simple therapy for psychological problems.
3. C.
  Unhappy people cannot think positively.
4. D.
  The power of positive thinking is limited.
3.
What does the author mean by "you're just underlining his faults" in the third paragraph?
1. A.
  You are not taking his mistakes seriously enough.
2. B.
  You are pointing out the errors he has committed.
3. C.
  You are emphasizing the fact that he is not intelligent.
4. D.
  You are trying to make him feel better about his faults.
4.
It can be inferred from the experiment of Wood, Lee and Perunovic that .
1. A.
  it is important for people to continually keep their self - esteem
2. B.
  self – affirmation can bring a positive change to one’s mood
3. C.
  forcing a person to think positive thoughts may lower their self - esteem
4. D.
  people with low self – esteem seldom write down their true feelings

In the western part of the United States where the Indians lived, a little mouse called the “bean mouse” became a guide to rich stores of good and tasty difficult-to-find food. Each season, the little animal would work very hard to search out the rare beans, and “cache” them away in its nest (窝). The Indians learned of this and found out the hiding place. They collected most of the beans for themselves. When the mouse returned to its home and found only a few of the tasty beans left, it set to work, harder than ever before, gathering more beans. This was a fine thing for the Indians, who had only to look for the nest, while the mouse had to look for the beans. But the Indians returned the favour (恩惠，善意) by always making sure that the animal had enough for the winter.

1.
The Indians valued the bean mouse _________.
1. A.
  as a guide to food
2. B.
  as fertile (肥沃的) land
3. C.
  because it made a good pet
4. D.
  because its fur was valuable
2.
The underlined word “cache” means _______.
1. A.
  throw them in every place
2. B.
  place them in a hiding place for later use
3. C.
  put them in its home
4. D.
  lay them under the mud
3.
The passage says that the bean mouse was ________.
1. A.
  fearless
2. B.
  friendly
3. C.
  rare
4. D.
  hard-working
4.
The Indians are shown to be ________.
1. A.
  clever
2. B.
  hard-working
3. C.
  unkind
4. D.
  educated
5.
The best title for this passage is _________.
1. A.
  Man’s Best Friend
2. B.
  Habits of the Bean Mouse
3. C.
  A Search of Rare Beans
4. D.
  The Indians and the Mouse

The main idea of this passage is that______.

According to this passage, reading newspaper______.

A man might be reading a newspaper in a train for the following reasons except that ______.

The writer said that most men in the train would help a woman struggling with a heavy thing.The implication(含义) is that ______.

Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?

Can you infer the meaning of the underlined words in paragraph 5?

How much is spent on agriculture, rural areas and farmers the previous year?

Which is NOT the problem in rural areas?

What do we learn from the first paragraph about the self-help industry?

What is the finding of the Canadian researchers?

What does the author mean by "you're just underlining his faults" in the third paragraph?

It can be inferred from the experiment of Wood, Lee and Perunovic that .

The Indians valued the bean mouse _________.

The underlined word “cache” means _______.

The passage says that the bean mouse was ________.

The Indians are shown to be ________.

The best title for this passage is _________.

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