Question

【题目】How Super Are Supermarkets?

Buying e week’s groceries is tiring. You want to get it over and done with quickly, so you head for the nearest supermarket, you find everything you need under one roof, and you feel glad that those days of going in and out of different shops in the high street are over. Supermarkets seem to be a big plus. There is a downside, though.

In the UK 90% of all the food people consume is bought at 5 different supermarket chains. This makes these companies extremely powerful, which lets them use their huge buying power to squeeze small suppliers to get the best deal. Milk is a good example. Supermarkets like to use things like milk, which is the top of almost everyone’s shopping list to attract customers. To offer the lowest price possible to the consumer, the supermarkets force dairy farmers to sell milk at less than the cost of production. Supermarkets guarantee their good profits while farmers are left struggling to make ends meet, and the taxpayer pays to support the system without even knowing it.

It would be nice if local grocers supported local agriculture. But for the big supermarkets this just doesn’t make sense. Supermarkets don’t want little farmers thinking they can decide prices. So supermarkets have started a global search for the cheapest possible agricultural produce. In many supermarkets it is difficult to find anything which is produced locally.

UK farmers used to grow a lot of apples. Not anymore. In 1999 36% of apples were imported. By 2015 the figure had risen to 80% and the domestic production of apples had fallen by two thirds. The consumer might just be happy to get a reasonably priced meal made up of foods from Thailand, Spain, Italy and Zambia, but we should also bear in mind the Influence on local producers.

Then there’s packaging. Supermarkets like everything to be packed and wrapped so it can be piled neatly on shelves. Supermarkets produce nearly 10 million tons of waste packaging in the UK every year, of which less 5%is recycled. Some supermarkets make sure that large recycling bins are obvious in their car parks, showing that they are environment-friendly. But that is just an image.

When a new supermarket is planned there are claims about the number of new jobs that will be created. Unfortunately, the number of jobs lost in the area is larger than the number of new positions in the supermarket. On average each new supermarket leads to the loss of 276 jobs.

However, the modern world is all about shopping, and the freedom to buy whatever you what, so it would be impossible to stop people shopping at some particular kind of shop. But some measures do need to be taken when small suppliers lose profits, local producers suffer, sea levels rise and jobs are lost, anyway, we can’t just care about a free car park and special offers.

【1】The author mentions “milk” in paragraph 2 to explain how supermarkets ____________.

A. cheat the taxpayers

B. support local dairy farmer

C. harm small suppliers ‘benefits

D .provide customers with the cheapest product

【2】According to the passage, supermarkets keep price advantage by_______________.

A. competing against each other

B. importing foreign products

C. purchasing local products

D. reducing product tax

【3】Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?

CP: Central Point P:Point SP: Sub-point C:Conclusion

【4】What is the author’s attitude towards supermarkets?

A. Critical B. Sympathetic C. Doubtful D. Cautious

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】C

【2】B

【3】C

【3】A

【解析】

试题分析:文章讲述了超市是如何发展起来的，超市的发展是以牺牲小的农场主的利益为代价的。

【1】C考察细节理解题。根据文意 To offer the lowest price possible to the consumer, the supermarkets force dairy farmers to sell milk at less than the cost of production. Supermarkets guarantee their good profits while farmers are left struggling to make ends meet, and the taxpayer pays to support the system without even knowing it可知超市为大众提供牛奶，为了获得更多利益，牺牲了供应商的利益，所以答案是C。

【2】B考察细节理解题。根据文意So supermarkets have started a global search for the cheapest possible agricultural produce. In many supermarkets it is difficult to find anything which is produced locally可知超市为了保持价格优势从国外引进产品，所以答案是B。

【3】C考察主旨大意。根据文意文章的结构是总-分-总的结构，所以答案是C。

【3】A考察主旨大意。文章讲述了超市的发展是以牺牲小的农场主的利益为代价的，所以作者的态度是批判的，所以答案是A。