A Cornell University sleep researcher has some advice for people who run high schools: Don’t start classes so early in the morning. It may not be that the students who nod off at their desks are lazy 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

题目内容

A Cornell University sleep researcher has some advice for people who run high schools: Don’t start classes so early in the morning. It may not be that the students who nod off at their desks are lazy. And it may not be that their parents have failed to enforce(确保) bedtime. Instead, it may be that biologically these sleepyhead students aren’t used to the early hour.

“Maybe these kids are being asked to rise at the wrong time for their bodies,” says Mary Carskadon, a professor looking at problem of adolescent (青春期的)sleep at Cornell’s School of Medicine.

Carskadon is trying to understand more about the effects of early school time in adolescents. And, at a more basic level, she and her team are trying to learn more about how the biological changes of adolescence affect sleep needs and patterns(方式).

Carskadon says her work suggests that adolescents may need more sleep than they did at childhood, no less, as commonly thought.

Sleep patterns change during adolescence, as any parent of an adolescent can prove. Most adolescents prefer to stay up later at night and sleep later in the morning. But it’s not just a matter of choice—their bodies are going through a change of sleep patterns.

All of this makes the transfer(迁移)from middle school to high school—which may start one hour earlier in the morning—all the more difficult, Carskadon says. With their increased need for sleep and their biological clocks set on the “sleep late, rise late” pattern, adolescents are up against difficulties when they try to be up by 5 or 6 a.m. for a 7:30 a.m. first bell. A short sleep on a desktop may be their body’s way of saying. “I need a timeout.”

1.Carskadon suggests that high schools should not start classes so early in the morning because

______.

A. students work so late at night that they can’t get up early

B. students are so lazy that they don’t like to go to school early

C. it is biologically difficult for students to rise early

D. it is really tough for parents to enforce bedtime

2.The underlined phrase “nod off” most probably means “_______”.

A. fall asleep B. turn around

C. agree with others D. refuse to work

3.Which of the following statements is NOT true according to Mary Carskadon?

A. Adolescents are going through a change of sleep patterns.

B. Adolescents need less sleep than they used to at childhood.

C. Adolescents prefer to stay up later at night and sleep later in the morning.

D. It is difficult for adolescents to get up early for a 7:30 a.m. first bell in high school.

4.What is the test mainly about?

A. Adolescent heath care.

B. Adolescent sleep difficulties.

C. Problems in adolescent learning.

D. Changes in adolescent sleep needs and patterns.

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Growing Minds Need Greener Spaces

It is not a secret that spending time outdoors is good for us.The more we learn about the benefits of being in nature, the more sense it makes to get outside.

1.New research suggests that kids may learn better when they are surrounded by greener spaces.Green spaces are spaces filled with Vegetation-like trees,flowers and other plants.

But these days,outdoor time is competing for a child’s attention with indoor activities.Children may find it difficult to resist computers,television and electronic games.2.All these indoor activities can hurt a child’s physical and mental health.

Doctor Payam Dadvand and his team at the Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology in Barcelona study the environment effects on health and learning.

The researchers used information from satellites to learn how much green space surrounded each school.Over one year, the children took computerized tests for four times.3.They found that the children with higher contact with green space had better ability to memorize.They were also more attentive.4.More trees means less air pollution.

5.Lisa Freund is an expert in child psychology for the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development.She says more studies are needed to learn the Health and Human Development.She says more studies are needed to learn the reasons that vegetation in and around schools improves mental ability.

A.They measured memory and attention span.

B.This could be especially important for school children.

C.Approximately one half of the world population lives in cities.

D.The question of why green spaces affect learning is a new one.

E.The research suggests good air quality is the main reason for the results.

F.So, in many pans of the world children are spending less and less time outdoors.

G.The researchers created mathematical models to compare the amount of vegetation.

________a teacher has given permission is a student allowed to enter the classroom.

A. If only B. Only if

C. As if D. Even if

Rachel lived outside Seattle and always wanted to help others when young. At age 5, she learned about an organization named Locks of Love which______ hair donations(捐赠) to make wigs (假发) for children who have ______their own hair because of cancer or other diseases. Rachel then asked to have her long hair ______ and sent to it.

Then when she was 8, her school began ______ money to build wells in Africa. When she learned that other children had no clean ______, Rachel was shocked. So she asked her parents to ______ holding her birthday party. In place of ______, she asked her friends to ______ $9 each to the project in Africa.

Rachel’s ninth birthday was on June 12, and she had _____ a birthday page on the Internet with a goal of $300. ______, Rachel was able to raise only $220 — which had left her just a bit ______.

On July 20, Rachel was ______ injured in a traffic accident. That was a terrible shock to her friends, who wanted to find some way of showing ______. They began donating on Rachel’s birthday page. Donations ______ her $300 goal quickly, and kept rising.

When it was ______ that Rachel would never recover, her parents donated her hair a final time to Locks of Love, and her organs (器官) to other children. Word ______ about Rachel’s story.

More ______ was being raised. The total donations soon topped $100,000, then $300,000. ______ others, I was also moved and donated. Until now more than $850,000 has been raised from all over the world, ______ donations from Africans moved by the little American girl who ______ their continent.

1.A. sells B. uses C. buys D. borrows

2.A. washed B. worn C. lost D. pulled

3.A. cut B. tied C. brushed D. dried

4.A. raising B. spending C. wasting D. earning

5.A. air B. paper C. room D. water

6.A. stop B. enjoy C. practise D. start

7.A. time B. hair C. games D. presents

8.A. give B. owe C. serve D. award

9.A. turn up B. set up C. picked up D. backed up

10.A. Besides B. So C. However D. Therefore

11.A. excited B. relaxed C. tired D. disappointed

12.A. unluckily B. uncertainly C. impossibly D. unfairly

13.A. courage B. support C. interest D. power

14.A. gained B. found C. passed D. allowed

15.A. clear B. possible C. necessary D. proper

16.A. disappeared B. changed C. ended D. spread

17.A. evidence B. money C. advice D. doubt

18.A. From B. For C. Like D. Without

19.A. saving B. including C. sending D. costing

20.A. cared about B. looked for C. belonged to D. relied on

根据高二年级指定背诵的写作篇目，默写第六篇。以下是汉语提示。答在答题卡上！

假如你是李华。你的两位朋友Tom与Peter几天前发生了争吵。3月9日是Peter生日，Tom想送他一个礼物来缓和关系，修复友情，并特地发来邮件寻求你的建议。请你给Tom回一封邮件，要点包括：

1．礼物选择：

2．你的理由；

3．其它和解建议

____________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

I took part in a international English speech contest and win a prize. As a result, I offered a chance to visit Paris. Paris is one of my most favorite cities and I had dreamed of go there for a long time.

Firstly, I visited the magnificent Eiffel Tower. Then I went to the Louvre, that I enjoyed a lot of world-famous work, such as Leonardo da Vinci’s masterpiece Mona Lisa. I also enjoyed the sights of the Arch of Triumph, which is regarded for the symbol of France.

I also spent some time look around and experiencing the unique culture in Paris, which great enriched my life.

There is no doubt that many parents want to mold (塑造)their child to be better, faster, smarter and more skilled. Even though human parents can’t do that, a robot that builds its own children can. Scientists at the University of Cambridge in England have created a mother robot that not only creates its own children, but tests out their performance.

The mother robot analyzes(分析)the performance of each of the “children” it creates, and passes down good characters to the next generation. For example, as the mother creates them and puts them to work, she measures how they’re behaving, and she uses data from this behavior to create the next generation of robots.

The mother robot can actually build hundreds of child robots and see the performance of these child robots. And if their performance is good, keep their design for the next generation. And if bad, just let it go.

“We program the robots based on some functions that define(规定)the reward the robots are going to get, depending on the construction that they make. They cannot change their own reward. For the child robot, the longer the distance the robot walks, the better the reward it receives,” said Fumiya Iida, the lead researcher.

After several generations, the “children” were running twice as fast.

“The mother robot produced 500 robots to see which one is good and which one is bad,” said Iida.

The researchers believe that the machines can be used in a car factory, for example, where robot cameras examine each ear in production line, find out any mistakes, and then design a better car.

1.What is special about the mother robot?

A. It can analyze data

B. It can create child robots

C. It’s smarter than human mothers

D. It can build and improve its own children.

2.How does the mother robot mold her own children to be better?

A. It teachers them how to behave better.

B. It reprograms the bad ones after analyzing their performance

C. It copies hundreds of child robots and then chooses the best ones.

D. It keeps the good characters for the next generation to create a better robot.

3.What is the key point in influencing the child robot to receive a reward?

A. Size B. Distance.

C. Behavior D. Speed.

For a year and half, kids sent hurtful messages like “You are ugly.” or “Why are you still alive?” to Rebecca Sedwick. In 2013, Rebecca, then 12, couldn’t stand it anymore. She took her own life near her home in Florida. Soon afterward, Trisha Prabhu read about the story. “I was surprised and heart-broken,” said Trisha, now 15, who is from Naperville, Illinois, “I know that I had to do something to stop this from ever happening again.”

Trisha did some research. Studies show that one fourth to half of all teens in the US have been cyberbullied (网络欺凌). Experts say that if you are ever bullied online, you should tell a trusted adult. Tell the cyberbully to stop, and prevent him or her from contacting you again. Print and save messages to share with the police. This is good advice, agrees Trisha. But these methods all take place after the bullying has already happened. Trisha had a different idea. Why not teach cyberbullies to stop before they post these messages?

Trisha’s research won awards, including a prize in the Google Science Fair. Then, Tresah built the ReThink app (应用软件). It is programmed to recognize words or phrases that could be hurtful. When that happens, different warning messages come out. “Don’t say things that you may regret later!” says one message. Others ask, “Are you sure you want to say this?” and “Are these words really yours?”

Now Trisha is working on a version(版本) of ReThink for computers. “I am a big dreamer,” she says. “I want to stop cyberbullying before the hurt is done.”

1.What do we know about Rebecca Sedwick?

A. She was one of Trisha's best friends.

B. She sent hurtful messages to others.

C. She ended her life at the age of 12.

D. She went to Florida to study further.

2.What is Trisha’s suggestion for stopping cyberbullying?

A. Stop talking with the cyberbully.

B. Stop the messages before they are sent.

C. Turn to your parents or close friends

D. Show the messages to the police at once.

3.What is the third paragraph mainly about?

A. People's attitudes to the ReThink app.

B. Trisha's research on cyberbullying.

C. How the ReThink app works.

D. The Google Science Fair.

4.Which of the following can best describe Trisha?

A. Honest and careful. B. Helpful and clever.

C. Proud and impolite. D. Strange and impatient.

1.市政府对治理污染河流充满自信。

The city government ________ __________ ________ controlling the polluted rivers.

2.说起我的理想，我只想碰碰运气，在家乡开个公司。

As to my dream, I just want to _________ __________ _________ and set up my own company in my hometown.

3.老张可能不会乘高铁去杭州，因为他喜欢自己开车。(运用情态动词）

Mr. Zhang ________ ________ ________ the high-speed train for Hangzhou, for he likes

driving his own car around.

4.我妈妈答应来参加我的毕业典礼的，可是到现在她都没有到，真让人着急啊！

My mum promised to attend my graduation ceremony, but by now she _______ _______ ______, which is really worrying.

5.下周举行的大会是为了纪念他们的祖先100年前来到这个村庄。

The meeting that will take place next week is ________ ________ _______ their ancestors’ arrival in the village 100 years ago.

6.如果你不为自己做过的事情道歉的话，他们是不会放过你的。

They won’t let you ________ ________ ________ it unless you say sorry for what you have done.

7.我仍然对日本是否是个独立的国家持有怀疑。

I still have the doubt of ________ Japan is ________ ________ country.

8.昨天的天气很好，我本来不用带伞的。

The weather turned out to be fine yesterday. I ________ ________ ________ the umbrella with me.

9.三年之后，他发现家乡不再是过去的老样子了。

Three years later, he found his hometown wasn't ________ it ________ ________ be.

10.他懒散而又骄傲自满，这充分说明了他失败的原因。

He was lazy and proud, ________ fully ________ ________ his failure.

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