题目内容
1.Water runs downhill from mountaintops to streams to rivers to oceans.But downhill running isn't the only way that water moves.A new study measures how water travels from country to country for human consumption.This flow isn't the type we usually think about.These scientists looked at the water used to grow and make the products which get shipped from nation to nation as imports or exports.They call this a flow of"virtual water".We typically think of water as the liquid that flows from a tap.However,nearly all---92percent---of the water used by people goes into growing crops,according to water researcher Arjen Hoekstra at the university to Twente in the Netherlands.He and his team recently studied the hidden travels of virtual water used in products made from things like crops and meats.These products are shipped around the world.
Virtue water is immense.For example,consider a sugary soft drink.Hoekstra and his team estimated that to produce one half-liter of the drink requires between 170and 310liters of water.Only a tiny amount of that-about 1percent-is the water actually used in the soda.The vast majority of the water-about 95%-is used to grow and process the ingredients(原料).Another 4percent goes into the packaging and labeling,said the scientists.In Hoekstra's calculation,when one country produces a half-liter of soda and sells it abroad,it exports as much virtual water as would make a large refrigerator full of water.
According to Heokstra's new report,dry countries like Israel and Kuwait,both in the Middle East,get the majority of their virtual water from other countries,through imported products.More surprisingly,a few wetter countries,like the Netherlands and the United Kingdom,also get the majority of their virtual water from other places.That means that most of the water used to grow or produce the products and food consumed in those countries came from other countries.
In the United States,most of the virtual water used comes from American sources; only about 20percent of the virtual water comes from outside national boundaries.In China,even less of the water associated with its products-about 10percent-comes from foreign countries.
Tracing the water trade,Hoekstra and his team turned up other surprising relationships.For instance,often a dry region sends virtual water to a wetter region.Dry areas in northern China,for example,send virtual water to the southern part of that country,which is wetter.
Title:Virtual water
General introduction | ●Water flows downhill,and also travels (66)worldwide by means of import-export trade. ●The water used in all the processes (67)involved in producing goods and food is called virtual water. |
An example | ●Producing one half-liter of a sugary soft drink requires much water,(68)ranging from 170to 310liters. ●About 1percent of the water is used in the soda,while about 95percent is used for the (69)growth and processing of the ingredients. ●Another 4percent is used to (70)package and label the drink. ●The water used to produce and export a half-liter of soda could (71)fill a large refrigerator. |
The(72)Content(s ) of Hoekstra's new report | ●Dry countries as well as some wet countries get most of their virtual water from foreign countries by (73)importing products. ●China and the U.S.get virtual water (74)mostly/mainly from their own sources. ●Dry regions surprisingly (75)tend to send virtual water to wetter regions. |
分析 这是一篇介绍说明类文章.文章为我们介绍了"虚拟水"的概念.
解答 66.worldwide 67.involved 68.ranging 69.growth 70.package
71.fill 72.Content(s ) 73.importing 74.mostly/mainly 75.tend
66.worldwide由第一段中的"These scientists looked at the water used to grow and make the products which get shipped from nation to nation as imports or exports"可知,通过进出口贸易,水被运送到全世界各地.
67.involved由第一段中的"These scientists looked at the water used to grow and make the products which get shipped from nation to nation as imports or exports.They call this a flow of virtual water"可知,涉及到生产货物和食物各个过程的水都被叫做"virtual water".be involved in意为"涉及到,牵涉到…".
68.ranging由第三段中的"to produce one half-liter of the drink requires between 170 and 310 liters of water"可知,生产半升饮料需要的水在170到310升之间."range from…to…"意为"在…范围内变动".
69.growth由第四段中的"The vast majority of the water-about 95%-is used to grow and process the ingredients(原料)"可知,95%的水被用来种植加工原料.定冠词the后面要加grow的名词growth.
70.package由第四段中的"Another 4 percent goes into the packaging and labeling"可知,另外有4%的水被用在包装和标签的过程中.动词不定式to后面要跟packaging的动词形式package.
71.fill由第三段中的"it exports as much virtual water as would make a large refrigerator full of water"可知,它输出的水可以装满一个大冰箱.could后要跟full的动词形式fill.
72.Content(s )由第四段中的"According to Heokstra's new report"可知,下文讲述的是Heokstra新报告的内容.
73.importing由第四段中的"dry countries like Israel and Kuwait,both in the Middle East,get the majority of their virtual water from other countries,through imported products"可知,一些干旱国家通过进口产品从别的国家得到"virtual water".by后面跟import的动名词形式importing.
74.mostly/mainly由倒数第二段"In the United States,most of the virtual water used comes from American sources…In China,even less of the water associated with its products-about 10 percent-comes from foreign countries"可知,中国和美国主要是从自己国家的资源中获得"virtual water".
75.tend由最后一段中的"For instance,often a dry region sends virtual water to a wetter region"可知,干旱的地区往往将"virtual water"送到较湿的地区.tend to do sth.意为"往往…,倾向于做某事".
点评 任务型阅读首先是一篇阅读理解.为了确保对文章准确深刻理解,同时提高解题速度,最终能顺利完成该项任务,考生必须做到:
1.注重平时词汇记忆,熟练掌握考纲词汇中常用词汇的词性转化.
2.了解文章的结构,把握全篇的文,即句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系.
3.加强限时阅读训练,尤其是词数在400~550之间的较长篇幅的阅读训练.
4.系统训练,循序渐进,最终达到相应的解题能力要求.
China is trying to rebuild public confidence in vaccines after the news struck fear into the hearts of parents.
Chief government officials should be dismissed if serious vaccine violations (违规) took place in their jurisdictions (管辖区),according to a revised regulation (规定) approved by the State Council.The regulation was passed on Saturday and took effect immediately,the report said.It strengthens management rules for vaccines,including their transportation and storage,and increases punishments for violators.
The regulation requires B-class (non-compulsory) vaccines to be given out like A-class.It also requires disease control departments,hospitals and clinics to keep records of purchases and received inventory (存货清单).China will establish a system to track vaccines,according to the regulation.Companies and user agencies must record use,so all vaccines can be tracked across their life cycle.
China will also raise the amount of compensation paid to those suffering abnormalities (反常) after receiving vaccines.Measures under consideration include the introduction of commercial insurance to improve fairness and efficiency in compensation.Commercial insurance is expected to play an important role in compensating people for any health problems connected with vaccines.In the past,responsibility for compensation belonged to vaccine producers or to the government.
Meanwhile,local authorities are trying to reduce public worries.At Zhcheng hospital,health workers were spreading vaccine information to parents on Monday.In Northeast China's Jilin province,authorities are pioneering a digital system that makes vaccines storage transparent to the public.In Hefei,capital of Eastern Anhui province,authorities have developed a smart phone application that shares vaccine information.
Immunization (免疫) is the most economic,effective and safest way of preventing,controlling and getting rid of communicable diseases,said Mao Qun'an,spokesperson for the National Health and Family Planning Commission.Although vaccines can provide immunization against certain diseases,they can also cause side effects and result in serious physical harm in some individuals because of a person's health condition,although the chances of developing problems are extremely low,according to experts.
Vaccines stand for the primary means in most countries to prevent and control infectious diseases,and parents should get their children vaccinated as required by the government,said Yu Wenzhou,an expert at the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention.
China is trying to restore public confidence in vaccines
The (71)shockingnews | The improperly stored vaccines were sold to patients (72)nationwide. |
Th e (73)requirements/content(s)of the revised regulation | ●Chief government officials will take responsibility if serious vaccine violations (74)occurred/happenedin their jurisdictions. ●B-class vaccines are required to be distributed in the (75)sameway as A-class. ●Purchases of vaccines and received inventory should be (76)recorded. ●A tracking system will be established. |
Other measures taken by the government | ●(77)Introducecommercial insurance to compensate people for any health problems connected with vaccines. ●Make the vaccine information (78)known/transparentto the public. |
The truth about vaccines | ●Vaccines cause physical (79)damage/harmto some people because of a person's health condition. ●Vaccines (80)representthe primary means in most countries to prevent and control infectious diseases. |
A. | absorbed | B. | losing | C. | attracted | D. | involving |
讨论结果 | 1、课堂上多行讨论、讲故事等形式的师生和学生交流; |
2、课外听说活动、演讲或晚会等; | |
3、日常多用口语交流; | |
你的建议 | (根据自己的经历与感想,提出两至三点建议) |
Individual genetic makeup (基因构造) explains the great(53)Bin the aging rate.Some seniors experience more challenges than others of the same age,and some seniors continue to function better than many younger people.But genetics only (54)Babout 30 percent of aging.Most of the changes we associate with age(55)Bfactors such as diet and exercise habits; lifestyle issues,including over(56)Cof alcohol and tobacco,and psychological traits.
We can make healthy lifestyle choices by staying(57)A both physically and mentally and by(58)Aa healthy diet.Some of the setbacks associated with advancing age such as(59)Beyesight,loss of hearing,forgetfulness,weakness can be forestalled with some active intervention(干预).
Growing older does not always mean you see poorly.Many older people have(60)Cgood eyesight well into their eighties and beyond.However,the single greatest contributor to vision loss is a lifetime of(61)Dto damaging ultraviolet (紫外线) radiation in sunlight.
Carotenoids(类胡萝卜素),a nutrient found in brightly colored vegetables and fruits,are powerful protectors against free-radical damage.Research shows that simply eating leafy greens and other foods rich in these protective nutrients can(62)Cvision loss.
Problems with hearing can create(63)Band insecurity in later years.One of the major causes of age-related hearing loss is damage to the hair cells in the inner ear that transmit sounds to the brain.These hair cells and their nerve endings can be damaged by infections,genetic diseases,or treatment with certain drugs.The most common cause,(64)D,is loud noise.
50.A.stick | B.devote | C.adapt | D.lead |
51.A.progress | B.process | C.program | D.project |
52.A.successfully | B.purposefully | C.unwillingly | D.carefully |
53.A.surprise | B.variation | C.increase | D.possibility |
54.A.relies on | B.accounts for | C.results from | D.lies in |
55.A.involve in | B.relate to | C.combine with | D.substitute for |
56.A.reputation | B.enjoyment | C.consumption | D.encouragement |
57.A.active | B.calm | C.efficient | D.diligent |
58.A.maintaining | B.feeding | C.surviving | D.controlling |
59.A.keen | B.failing | C.sharp | D.remote |
60.A.generally | B.frequently | C.relatively | D.occasionally |
61.A.contribution | B.introduction | C.explanation | D.exposure |
62.A.cure | B.relieve | C.reduce | D.suffer |
63.A.communication | B.isolation | C.competition | D.occupation |
64.A.therefore | B.otherwise | C.moreover | D.however |